离子对UIO-66-2OH光催化性能的影响

实际废水中存在的离子会对有机污染物的光催化降解产生影响。以ZrCl₄和2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸为原料,通过水热合成法成功制备了金属有机骨架材料UIO-66-2OH。通过红外（IR）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对UIO-66-2OH的结构进行表征。利用水中常见的金属阳离子和无机阴离子,探索UIO-66-2OH的光催化性能。研究发现,金属阳离子Fe³⁺和无机阴离子HCO₃^-、CO₃^2-可以加快光催化降解的速度。然而,金属离子Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cu²⁺和无机阴离子Cl^-、SO₄^2-、PO₄^3-会抑制光催化性能,且离子价态越高,抑制效果越明显。     

金刚石纳米线氮空位色心的表面与尺寸效应

使用大规模自旋极化密度泛函理论计算研究了表面修饰和尺寸对金刚石纳米线(DNs)中氮空位(NV)色心的几何结构、 电子结构、 磁性和稳定性的影响. 理论上设计了几种不同的DNs, 这些DNs具有不同的表面修饰(干净、 氢化和氟化), 并且直径达数百个原子. 实验结果证明, 中性(NV⁰)和带1个负电荷(NV^-)的NV色心的电子结构不受半导体表面修饰和DNs直径大小的影响, 但NV色心的稳定性对这两个因素具有不同的响应. 此外, 研究中还发现, 由于DNs中存在圆柱形表面电偶极子层, 对DNs中掺杂的NV^-色心的稳定性, 表面改性诱导了不依赖尺寸的长程效应. 特别地, 对于n型氟化金刚石表面, 掺杂在DN中的NV^-色心可以稳定存在, 而对于p型氢化表面, NV⁰则相对更稳定. 因此, 表面修饰为控制金刚石纳米线中的NV色心的电子结构和稳定性提供了一种精确有效的调控方法.     

Snake Venom Components: Tools and Cures to Target Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered as a major cause of death worldwide. Therefore, identifying and developing therapeutic strategies to treat and reduce the prevalence of CVDs is a major medical challenge. Several drugs used for the treatment of CVDs, such as captopril, emerged from natural products, namely snake venoms. These venoms are complex mixtures of bioactive molecules, which, among other physiological networks, target the cardiovascular system, leading to them being considered in the development and design of new drugs. In this review, we describe some snake venom molecules targeting the cardiovascular system such as phospholipase A2 (PLA2), natriuretic peptides (NPs), bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), disintegrins, fibrinolytic enzymes, and three-finger toxins (3FTXs). In addition, their molecular targets, and mechanisms of action—vasorelaxation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, cardioprotective activities—are discussed. The dissection of their biological effects at the molecular scale give insights for the development of future snake venom-derived drugs.     

具有增强电荷转移驱动的磺酸基功能化g-C3N4光催化剂的设计合成及应用

随着全球环境问题日益严重以及能源需求的不断增长,人们对高效环境修复与能源转换技术的需求日益增强.以半导体材料为光催化剂,可将可再生的太阳能转化为化学能,有望成为解决人类面临的能源和环境问题的有效途径.其中,开发高效稳定的光催化剂是该技术得以实际应用的关键.近几十年,研究人员开发出多种半导体材料并应用于光催化研究.其中,具有可见光响应的有机非金属光催化剂石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)因其稳定的分子结构,较小的禁带宽度(~2.7 e V)以及合适的能带结构而备受关注.然而,与大多数半导体光催化剂相似,由于传统g-C₃N₄上的光生电子和空穴极易复合,表面催化活性位点较少,可见光响应范围较窄,使得其催化效率不高.基于g-C₃N₄独特的有机分子结构,通过引入功能化的特定基团以优化g-C₃N₄的电子能带结构,促进载流子传输,拓展可见光响应范围,是提高其光催化效率的有效途径.已有研究表明,在各种功能化官能团中,具有强电负性的含氧基团对g-C₃N₄的Melon单元优化是非常有效的.因此,本文通过g-C₃N₄与氨基磺酸间的简单固相热反应成功合成了磺酸基功能化的g-C₃N₄纳米片(SACN),并实现了同步增强的相互作用.根据固体强酸特性,氨基磺酸可以在热处理的辅助下对g-C₃N₄进行酸刻蚀,从而增加其比表面积以及表面催化活性位点.更重要的是,理论计算与实验表征结果表明,磺酸基团的吸电子诱导效应所产生的电荷驱动力可极大改善g-C₃N₄的电荷转移动力学,有效抑制了它们的再结合.此外,吸电子诱导效应还可促进g-C₃N₄的局域电子再分布,进而降低g-C₃N₄的导带电位,增强光诱导电子的还原能力.光催化性能测试结果表明,SACN-400样品(前驱体中氨基磺酸加入量为400 mg)在光催化分解水制备氢气以及光降解传统污染物领域展现出较好的性能,其在入射光波长为420±15 nm时的产氢表观量子效率为11.03%.综上,本文为设计合成具有较高产氢性能以及污染物降解效率的石墨相氮化碳基光催化剂提供了一种简便有效的策略.     

Heterostructured composite of NiFe-LDH nanosheets with Ti4O7 for oxygen evolution reaction

Developing oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst based on earth-abundant materials holds great promise for ascertaining water-splitting to surmount its deprived kinetics. In this regard, NiFe-LDH (layered double hydroxide) receives considerable attention owing to their layered structure. However, they still suffer from poor electronic conductivity and structural stability. We combined NiFe-LDH nanosheets with Magnéli phase Ti₄O₇ into a heterostructured composite. A series of analyses reveal that decorating Ti₄O₇ facilitates charge transfer to enhance the conductivity of NiFe-LDH-Ti₄O₇. During electrochemical measurement, Ni²⁺ is transformed to metastable Ni³⁺ (Ni (OH)→ NiOOH) before the OER onset potential. Thus, the presence of Ni³⁺ as the main active sites could improve the chemisorption of OH^? to facilitate OER. As a result, the NiFe-LDH-Ti₄O₇ catalyst delivers as low as onset potential (1.43 V). Combining the holey structure (NiFe-LDH and Ti₄O₇) and the defect engineering generated on NiFe-LDH-Ti₄O₇ as a synergistic effect improves the OER performance. The inclusion of Ti₄O₇ in the composite leads to more vacancy sites, as evidenced by the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. The obtained defective structure with a low coordination environment would improve the electronic conductivity and facilitate the adsorption process of H₂O onto metal cations, thereby increasing the intrinsic catalytic activity of NiOOH. The strong coupling of NiFe-LDH and Ti₄O₇ also increases the stability, and the heterostructured composite helps maintain the structural robustness of the LDH.     

镧掺杂锡酸钡/多壁碳纳米管改性隔膜的制备及其在锂硫电池中的应用

通过将共沉淀法制备的钙钛矿型氧化物镧掺杂锡酸钡(LBSO)与多壁碳纳米管(MCNT)混合均匀,制成浆料,并利用刮涂法将其涂布在商业隔膜Celgard 2500(PP)表面构筑阻挡层,获得改性隔膜(LBSO/MCNT/PP)。基于该改性隔膜的锂硫电池在0.1C下具有高达1 433 mAh·g^-1的初始放电比容量,1C时300次循环后每圈容量衰减率为0.114%;当电流密度提高到3C时,仍具有764 mAh·g^-1的放电比容量,表现出优良的倍率性能和循环稳定性,这主要是由于该阻挡层能够有效抑制多硫化物的穿梭。     

基于半刚性配体的柔性超微孔金属有机骨架的合成及其尺度选择性二氧化碳捕获

基于半刚性的配体3′,5′-di(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-(1,1′-biphenyl)-3,5-dicarboxylic acid (H₂DTBDA)和硝酸钴制备了一个柔性超微孔的金属有机骨架{[Co(DTBDA)]·4H₂O}_n (FJI-H35),并对该材料的结构进行了系统的表征。FJI-H35活化以后可以发生自适应的结构转变,使得孔径从0.43 nm收缩到0.37 nm。气体吸附测试表明FJI-H35可以从氮气和甲烷中选择性捕获二氧化碳,具有很高的吸附选择性和相对低的吸附焓。突破实验进一步证实FJI-H35可以从二氧化碳/氮气(15∶85,V/V)和二氧化碳/甲烷(50∶50,V/V)混合气中高效选择性捕获二氧化碳。     

能源与环境应用中的微波催化研究进展

微波是一种能量传递方式。与传统电加热相比,微波加热具有加热速度快、热惯性小、选择性加热等特点,因而被视为一种优质的能量来源。微波催化是一种使用微波对反应系统供能,从而推动催化反应进行的化学过程。近年来,许多研究者致力于探索和发展微波催化技术,包括利用微波技术提升化学反应速率、开发具有出色微波吸收能力的催化剂、建立节能环保的微波催化系统等。本文首先介绍了微波的相关理论,讲述了材料对微波的吸收原理;然后从微波催化降解挥发性有机物（Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs）、微波催化污水处理、微波催化生物质热解和微波催化碳氢化合物转化等方面综述了微波催化在能源环境中的应用;最后对微波催化过程的机理展开了讨论。     

亲核性1,2-重排为何迁移基团的构型保持不变*

亲核性1,2-重排反应是有机化学的重要反应之一,重排中离去基团的离去和迁移基团的迁移步骤既可以是分步的,也可以是协同的,但是迁移基团的构型始终保持不变。本文用超共轭效应和反应过程中有机立体电子效应解释了此现象,掌握一般规律,希望能够从教学上便于教师讲授和学生学习理解。     

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 as a dispersive solid phase extraction sorbent for simultaneous determination of 145 pesticide residues in polyphenol-rich plants

Many plants have a high polyphenol content, which causes the matrix effect and makes the analysis of trace pesticide residues highly challenging. A common approach to improving matrix effects is to purify pesticides through the use of sorbents, but this requires a combination of multiple sorbents and extensive use. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 is widely used for pesticide analysis due to its high porosity, large specific surface area, and versatility. Here, we established and validated a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method based on a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 that was used to test the removal ability for polyphenols. To this end, 145 pesticide residues in peppermint, perilla, fennel, and mulberry leaves were analyzed by the modified method coupled with liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The mean recoveries of all pesticide residues were in the range of 74.3–103.7%, with mean relative standard deviations ≤9.1% at spiked concentrations of 1, 10, 50, and 100 μg/kg for mulberry leaves. The limits of quantitation of the method ranged from 1 to 50 μg/kg. This study offers a reliable approach for the accurate quantitative analysis of various trace substances in the polyphenol-rich plants.