Binding of caffeic acid to human serum albumin by the retention data and frontal analysis

A new mathematical model and frontal analysis were used to characterize the binding behavior of caffeic acid to human serum albumin (HSA) based on high‐performance affinity chromatography. The experiments were carried out by injecting various mole amounts of the drug onto an immobilized HSA column. They indicated that caffeic acid has only one type of binding site to HSA on which the association constant was 2.75 × 10⁴/m . The number of the binding site involving the interaction between caffeic acid and HSA was 69 nm . The data obtained by the frontal analysis appeared to present the same results for both the association constant and the number of binding sites. This new model based on the relationship between the mole amounts of injection and capacity factors assists understanding of drug–protein interaction. The proposed model also has the advantages of ligand saving and rapid operation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于液相色谱-质谱联用的代谢组学研究中代谢物的结构鉴定进展

基于液相色谱-质谱联用的代谢组学技术因其高效分离能力和高灵敏检测能力已成为生命科学研究的重要手段,但由于缺乏有效的通用标准谱图库,检测到的大量代谢物的结构难以鉴定。这制约了代谢组学覆盖度的提高和生物标志物的发现,造成化学和生物信息的严重丢失,成为代谢组学发展的主要技术瓶颈。随着质谱仪器及计算机技术的进步,基于大气压电离质谱（API-MS）的代谢物结构鉴定技术飞速发展,本文从质谱仪器、代谢物分子结构式判别、数据库及谱图检索以及计算机辅助谱图解析等方面,对代谢物结构鉴定的最新进展进行了综述。     

玉米粕蛋白质提取工艺的响应面法分析

探讨提取玉米粕蛋白质的最佳工艺条件。在单因素试验的基础上,选取料液比(g·mL-1)、温度、NaoH浓度为响应因子,玉米粕蛋白质的提取率为响应值,实施3因素3水平的响应面分析,建立数学模型,得出最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明,玉米粕蛋白质的最佳提取条件为:料液比1:6.89(g·mL-1)、温度44.92℃、NaoH浓度0.078mol·L-1,在此工艺条件下玉米粕蛋白质的提取率可达到40.57%。     

分子生物学手段检测转Bt基因棉花中Cry杀虫蛋白的定性和定量方法

建立了转Bt基因棉花中Cry杀虫蛋白的提取、样品前处理以及酶联免疫(ELISA)定量分析方法,并使用凝胶电泳、普通聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和实时荧光定量PCR等分子生物学手段对转基因棉花中的Bt基因进行定性和定量检测.所建立的苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白(Cry1Ab蛋白和Cry1Ac蛋白)标准曲线线性关系良好,相关系数r2均大于0.999,相对标准偏差RSD均小于2.0%.方法简单、快速、重现性和精密度好,可为农业食品行业和环境领域科研人员提供一种简便快速地从转基因棉花中检测Bt毒蛋白的分析方法.     

Synthesis and Biological Activities of Simplified Analogs of the Natural PKC Ligands,Bryostatin‐1 and Aplysiatoxin

Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes play central roles in signal transduction on the cell surface and could serve as promising therapeutic targets of intractable diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although natural PKC ligands like phorbol esters, ingenol esters, and teleocidins have the potential to become therapeutic leads, most of them are potent tumor promoters in mouse skin. By contrast, bryostatin‐1 (bryo‐1) isolated from marine bryozoan is a potent PKC activator with little tumor‐promoting activity. Numerous investigations have suggested bryo‐1 to be a promising therapeutic candidate for the above intractable diseases. However, there is a supply problem of bryo‐1 both from natural sources and by organic synthesis. Recent approaches on the synthesis of bryo‐1 have focused on its simplification, without decreasing the ability to activate PKC isozymes, to develop new medicinal leads. Another approach is to use the skeleton of natural PKC ligands to develop bryo‐1 surrogates. We have recently identified 10‐methyl‐aplog‐1 ( 26 ), a simplified analog of tumor‐promoting aplysiatoxin (ATX), as a possible therapeutic lead for cancer. This review summarizes recent investigations on the simplification of natural PKC ligands, bryo‐1 and ATX, to develop potential medicinal leads.     

The application of high-resolution mass spectrometry-based data-mining tools in tandem to metabolite profiling of a triple drug combination in humans

Patients are usually exposed to multiple drugs, and metabolite profiling of each drug in complex biological matrices is a big challenge. This study presented a new application of an improved high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based data-mining tools in tandem to fast and comprehensive metabolite identification of combination drugs in human. The model drug combination was metronidazole-pantoprazole-clarithromycin (MET-PAN-CLAR), which is widely used in clinic to treat ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori. First, mass defect filter (MDF), as a targeted data processing tool, was able to recover all relevant metabolites of MET-PAN-CLAR in human plasma and urine from the full-scan MS dataset when appropriate MDF templates for each drug were defined. Second, the accurate mass-based background subtraction (BS), as an untargeted data-mining tool, worked effectively except for several trace metabolites, which were buried in the remaining background signals. Third, an integrated strategy, i.e., untargeted BS followed by improved MDF, was effective for metabolite identification of MET-PAN-CLAR. Most metabolites except for trace ones were found in the first step of BS-processed datasets, and the results led to the setup of appropriate metabolite MDF template for the subsequent MDF data processing. Trace metabolites were further recovered by MDF, which used both common MDF templates and the novel metabolite-based MDF templates. As a result, a total of 44 metabolites or related components were found for MET-PAN-CLAR in human plasma and urine using the integrated strategy. New metabolic pathways such as N-glucuronidation of PAN and dehydrogenation of CLAR were found. This study demonstrated that the combination of accurate mass-based multiple data-mining techniques in tandem, i.e., untargeted background subtraction followed by targeted mass defect filtering, can be a valuable tool for rapid metabolite profiling of combination drugs in vivo.     

Virtual screening of protein kinase C inhibitors from natural product library to modulate general anaesthetic effects

Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a key role in neurotransmission in the central nervous system, and targeting PKC domain is considered as a strategy to modulate the anaesthetic effects. In this study, we described a synthetic pipeline to perform high-throughput virtual screening against a large library of 3D structural natural products released recently in order to discover those potential PKC modulators. A total of 100 natural products with top scores were raised, from which 12 promising candidates were tested to determine their inhibitory potencies against PKC. As might be expected, the promiscuous kinase inhibitor staurosporine showed a high PKC inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 64 nM), and other two tested compounds, i.e. fisetin and tetrahydropapaverine, were also highly potent with their activities at nanomolar level (IC₅₀ = 370 and 190, respectively).     

Inhibition of thermal induced protein denaturation of extract/fractions of Withania somnifera and isolated withanolides

This study describes the in vitro inhibition of protein denaturation of extract/fractions of Withania somnifera and isolated withanolides including 20β hydroxy-1-oxo(22R)-witha-2,5,24 trienolide (1), (20R,22R-14α,20α)-dihydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,5,16,24 tetraenolide (2). The results showed that the extract/fractions of the plant evoked profound inhibitory effect on thermal-induced protein denaturation. The chloroform fraction caused the most dominant attenuation of 68% at 500 μg/mL. The bioactivity-guided isolation from chloroform fraction led to the isolation of compounds 1 and 2 that showed profound protein inhibition with 78.05% and 80.43% effect at 500 μg/mL and thus strongly complimented the activity of extract/fractions. In conclusion, extract/fractions of W. somnifera possessed strong inhibition of protein denaturation that can be attributed to these isolated withanolides.     

咪唑型离子液体与牛血清蛋白的缔合特性

通过紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱、同步荧光光谱、圆二色谱、衰减全反射红外光谱、负染-透射电镜、等温滴定微量热等实验方法系统地探讨了咪唑型离子液体与牛血清蛋白(BSA)的缔合特性.结果发现,离子液体[Bmim]Cl的加入使得BSA的紫外吸收强度增加,同时也会导致其荧光猝灭,并且这种猝灭是静态猝灭.同步荧光的研究结果表明,[Bmim]Cl分子可与蛋白质中接近色氨酸残基的区域发生相互作用,使蛋白质的构象和内部的疏水结构发生改变;负染色法透射电镜直观地显示了加入离子液体后形成的蛋白质-离子液体复合物结构逐渐变大;圆二色谱和衰减全反射红外光谱表明:在离子液体与BSA缔合过程中,离子液体的加入使得BSA二级结构中的α-螺旋和β-折叠的含量降低,从而引起蛋白质二级结构的变化;表面张力法和等温滴定微量热法进一步证实上述缔合作用为静电作用和疏水作用共同作用的结果,但离子液体的烷基链与BSA疏水内腔之间的疏水作用是离子液体与BSA缔合的主要驱动力.