具有谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的催化抗体的研究Ⅰ．谷胱甘肽特征全抗原的合成、表征及性质

用２，４－二硝基氯苯保护谷胱甘肽的巯基制出半抗原，再通过戊二醛共价反应使其与牛血清白蛋白表面的氨基结合，经超胶ＡｃＡ５４凝胶层析纯化，制备出有较强免疫原性的谷胱甘肽全抗原。用元素分析、红外光谱及核磁共振表征了半抗原的结构。电泳分析得全抗原分子量平均为８７０００道尔顿。光谱分析及圆二色谱研究表明其有较强的可见、紫外及荧光特征吸收，且抗原结构的紧密性增强。     

Development of a highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Sudan I in food samples

The use of Sudan I as an additive in food products has been prohibited in the European Union and many other countries. In this study, a highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Sudan I in food samples was developed. The hapten derivative with a three-carbon-atom length of carboxylic spacer at the azobound para-position was synthesized and coupled to carrier proteins. The hapten-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate was used as an immunogen, while the hapten-ovalbumin (OVA) conjugate was applied as a coating antigen. The mAb against Sudan I was produced by hybridoma technique and the corresponding ELISA was characterized in terms of sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy. At optimal experimental conditions, the standard curve was constructed in concentrations of 0.1-100 ng mL⁻¹. The values of IC₅₀ for nine standard curves were in the range of 1.1-2.0 ng mL⁻¹ and the LOD at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 (S/N = 3) was 0.07-0.14 ng mL⁻¹. The cross-reactivity values of the mAb with Sudan II, III and IV were 9.5%, 33.9% and 0.95%; no cross-reactivity was found with other six edible colorants: Lemon yellow, Bright blue, Indigotin, Kermes, Amarant and Sunset yellow, indicating the assay displays not only high sensitivity but also high specificity as well. The organic solvent effect on the assay was tested. It was observed that the ELISA was tolerated to 30% of methanol and 10% of acetonitrile without significant loss of IC₅₀ value. Six food samples were spiked with Sudan I and the methanolic extracts after appropriate dilution were analyzed by ELISA. Acceptable recovery rates of 88.2-110.5% and coefficients of variation of 2.5-17.4% were obtained. The ELISA for nine spiked samples was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a high correlation coefficient of 0.9840 (n = 9). The mAb-based ELISA proven to be a feasible quantitative/screening method for Sudan I analysis in food samples with the properties of high sensitivity, specificity, simplicity of sample pretreatment, high sample throughput and low expense.     

微囊藻毒素-LR免疫亲和层析柱的研制和应用

用CNBr-activated Sepharose4B和微囊藻毒素-LR的单克隆抗体制备了免疫亲和层析柱,测得抗体偶联率在75.7%~94.1%之间。制得的免疫亲和层析柱最大柱容量在76~95ng之间,柱空白为0,回收率在90.8%~105.1%之间。柱子再生重复使用6次后,回收率不低于75%。建立了免疫亲和层析柱-高效液相色谱测定水样中的微囊藻毒素-LR的方法。该法检出限为5ng/L;线性定量范围为10~500ng/L。实验结果显示,免疫亲和层析柱特异性好,一次净化能除去绝大部分干扰物,净化效果明显优于现有的固相萃取柱。     

中药致肾毒性成分马兜铃酸A单抗制备及酶联免疫分析方法的建立

采用活化酯法,将马兜铃酸A分别与牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,得到免疫抗原马兜铃酸A-BSA和包被抗原马兜铃酸A-OVA.利用马兜铃酸A-BSA免疫Bal b/c小鼠,制得鼠单克隆抗体1A11,单抗效价为2×104;单抗为IgG1类,轻链为κ型;与其结构类似物马兜铃酸B、C和D的交叉反应率分别为2.8%,3.5%和31.2%.基于抗马兜铃酸A单克隆抗体的间接竞争酶联免疫分析方法(icELISA)的IC50为1.9 μg/L,检测范围为0.5～7.5 μg/L.icELISA添加回收率为86%～97%,相对标准偏差在5.2%～11.1%之间.利用所建立的icELISA测定了6个中药材和5个中成药中马兜铃酸A的含量,并用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)进行了验证,其中关木通、广防己、天仙藤、马兜铃和青木香中均检测出马兜铃酸A,而川木通和5个中成药中未检测到马兜铃酸A.结果表明: 本方法可用于中药中马兜铃酸A的快速检测.     

外泌体分离与纯化技术研究进展

外泌体是所有真核细胞分泌到细胞外的直径介于30～150 nm的一种膜性纳米囊泡,参与细胞间生物信号的传递。大量实验证据表明,外泌体参与多种生物功能并发挥重要作用,包括蛋白质、RNA和脂质等生物分子的转移及多种疾病生理和病理过程的调节,被认为是疾病诊断、治疗和预后的重要的生物标志物和药物载体,因此发展简单、高效、经济的外泌体分离与纯化技术将有助于疾病的早期诊断和精准治疗。目前,利用外泌体的物理化学和生物化学特性已开发出多种分离外泌体的技术,但仍缺乏标准化和规模化临床级外泌体的分离方法,从而限制了其临床应用。另外,对分离出的外泌体的特征、纯度和数量的鉴定是判断外泌体分离纯化方法优劣的重要指标。本文综述了外泌体分离与纯化技术以及鉴定方法的研究进展,主要讨论分离技术的机制、性能、挑战和前景以及外泌体的鉴定方法,以期为外泌体的分离纯化提供新的思路和解决策略。     

Rapid Selection of Phage Se-scFv with GPX Activity via Combination of Phage Display Antibody Library with Chemical Modification

IntroductionReactive oxygen species(ROS) are known to de-stroy biomacromolecules and cause cell injury[1]. Un-der normal circumstances, there is a balance betweenthe production of ROS and their destruction. Many dis-eases, such as brain ischemia, tumor, v…     

Expression of Catalytic Domain of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B and Preparation of Its Polyclonal Antibody

This study focuses on the expression of human protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B) catalytic domain (△PTP1B) and preparation of polyclonal antibody against △PTP1B. △PTP1B gene was PCR amplified with the cDNA of human PTP1B as the template, and cloned into the pT7 expression vector. The recombinant pT7-△PTP1B was expressed in E. coli Rosetta( DE3 ) host cells and purified. The antiserum was prepared by immunizing rabbit with purified recombinant △PTP1B. The polyclonal antibody against △PTP1B was purified by PVDF immobilized antigen affinity chromatography. △PTP1B was correctly cloned, expressed, and purified as confirmed by PCR, DNA sequence ratio) and 0. 1 ng, respectively. This study provides an important basis for further studying the biological function of PTP1B and its relationship with human diseases.     

Prokaryotic Expression and Polyclonal Antibody Preparation of PRL3

Phosphatase of regenerating liver 3(PRL3),which belongs to the superfamily of protein tyrosine phosphatases(PTPs),represents a group of low molecular weight PTPs that participate in tumorigenesis and metastasis processes.Presented here are the results of cloning,prokaryotic expression,purification,and polyclonal antibody preparation of PRL3.To obtain a specific polyclonal antibody against PRL3,the authors have prepared GST-PRL3 to immunize rabbits and purify an anti-PRL3 polyclonal antibody by negative selection affinity columns.Western blot analysis shows that the anti-PRL3 polyclonal antibody has a specific binding ability with PRL3 protein.The anti-PRL3 polyclonal antibody provides a good tool to further study the function of PRL3.     

Profiling of generic anti-phosphopeptide antibodies and kinases with peptide microarrays using radioactive and fluorescence-based assays

Kinases represent one of the largest enzyme families and key regulatory proteins in the cell. Only a small subset of these enzymes has been characterised so far. We have prepared different types of phosphopeptide and peptide microarrays displaying peptides deduced from annotated human phosphorylation sites and cytoplasmic domains of all annotated human membrane proteins. This approach was enabled by fully-automated high throughput micro-scale synthesis of peptides by the SPOT technology combined with chemo-selective immobilisation on modified glass slides. The phosphopeptide microarrays displaying 2923 peptides in total have been used for the characterisation of commercially available generic anti-phosphopeptide antibodies. This enabled us to detect Abl kinase activity on a microarray with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies yielding results comparable to those obtained from a radioactive assay. More than 13 000 peptides deposited on six glass slides were used to profile casein kinase 2 (CK2) using a radioactive assay, since no generic antibody for the reliable detection of serine or threonine phosphorylation could be identified. All previously identified substrates were detected in the microarray experiment. In order to confirm whether substrates on the microarray are substrates in solution phase assays, more than 700 peptides were synthesised and tested with CK2 in a solution phase assay. All substrates identified in the solution phase assay were also detected on the microarray.     

Defining the antigenic structure of human GM-CSF and its implications for receptor interaction and therapeutic treatments

Three epitopes of human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (hGM-CSF) recognised by neutralising and non-neutralising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were characterised using competitive binding assays, dissociation constant measurements with glycosylated and non-glycosylated rhGM-CSF, bioactivity inhibition studies, and synthetic peptide arrays. Based on the first approach, two different binding sites were identified: an area referred to as A, recognised by mAbs M1B8 and CC5B5, and an area referred to as B, recognised by mAbs CC1H7 and CC3C12. These binding sites on hGM-CSF were accurately delineated using cytokine-derived overlapping peptide scans and combinatorial hexapeptide libraries prepared by SPOT synthesis on cellulose membranes. We assigned the identical linear epitope A₁P₂A₃R₄ to both non-neutralising mAbs CC1H7 and CC3C12. The conformational epitopes A₁₈E₂₁R₂₃R₂₄F₁₁₉ and R₂₃E₂₁N₁₇W₁₃ recognised by mAb CC5B5, and P₁₁₈F₁₁₉EW₁₃E₁₄ recognised by mAb M1B8, were delineated by dual-positional scanning and subsequent iterative searches with two interrogating positions. Competitive binding assays with mAbs M1B8 and CC5B5 revealed the overlapping nature of the cytokine recognition. However, peptide library screening confirmed their binding to different epitopes of which the essential amino acids were found very closely located on the native protein surface. Inhibition of hGM-CSF biological activity by these mAbs demonstrated that these epitopes are located within or very near the receptor binding site of hGM-CSF. Finally, this work supports the importance of residues from helix A and residues from the C-terminal region of the cytokine, composing a common area that is indispensable for the cytokine's biological activity.