ICP-AES法测定古代车师人肋骨中的痕量元素

近几十年来 ,古代人群的食谱研究已经成为现代科技考古学的一个重要组成部分 ,也是当前国际科技考古学研究领域的一项前沿性课题。人类骨骼的微量元素分析为重建古代居民的食谱提供了大量信息。本文用硝酸 盐酸消解样品 ,采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪 (ICP AES) ,在选定的最佳条件下 ,对新疆地区古代车师人肋骨中的Sr,Zn ,Ca ,Cu ,Mg,Fe ,Ba ,Mn等 8种痕量元素进行了测定 ,该方法采用一次溶样 ,多元素同时测定 ,回收率为 87 4 %～ 1 0 6 6 %之间。相对标准偏差为 0 5 %～ 3 3%。该方法简单 ,快捷可靠 ,适用于古代骨样品的测定 ,结果令人满意。其结果为考古学和人类学的研究提供了科学的依据。同时考察了不同酸度对分析结果的影响和共存元素间的相互干扰 ,此外还进行了精密度实验。     

用扫描式电感耦合等离子体光谱仪测定红矾钾产品中的杂质

应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定了铬盐清洁工艺红矾钾产品中的微量元素硅、铝、铁、钙、锰、镁和氯。采用基体匹配法消除了大量基体的干扰。实验的优化条件为RF发生器的入射功率095kW;载气压力013MPa,流量12L·min-1;辅助气流量02L·min-1。元素氯用氯化银沉淀间接测定,在6%的硝酸体系中氯离子形成氯化物完全沉淀,在50℃陈化2h后进行测定。样品的加标回收率在90%～104%,RSD<4%,检出限在10-4%～10-5%。随机抽样的分析结果与标准加入法吻合较好,相对误差在-427%～ 526%。本方法用于实际样品分析,快速简单,结果令人满意。     

藏药材麻花艽中铜锌铁锰含量分析

采用ICP-AES法对青海省内采集的麻花艽中的铜、锌、铁、锰的含量进行了测定。结果表明,麻花艽中四种元素含量丰富,各部位含量差异较大,其中基部茎部含量较高,入药部位根部次之,为以后的开发利用提供了基础数据。     

ICP-AES测定南方离子型稀土精矿中稀土配分

采用 ICP- AES同时测定了南方离子型稀土精矿中 L a、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu和 Y组分的含量。选择了合适的分析线 ,确定了各元素的检出限为 0 .0 4— 13.6 μg/L,加标回收率为 90 %— 110 %。方法准确、快速、简便 ,已用于生产实践中     

ICP-AES测定奥里油中钒、钠和镁

应用 ICP- AES法同时测定奥里油中钒、钠、镁含量。用程序升温法灰化奥里油样品 ,引入大流量的干燥空气除去样品中水分 ,解决了传统灰化法因样品突沸引起的金属元素损失及重复性差的问题     

Surface analysis of nitride layers formed on Fe‐based alloys through plasma nitride process

Nitriding phenomena that occur on the surfaces of pure Fe and Fe? Cr alloy (16 wt% Cr) samples were investigated. An Ar + N₂ mixture‐gas glow‐discharge plasma was used so that surface nitriding could occur on a clean surface etched by Ar⁺ ion sputtering. In addition, the metal substrates were kept at a low temperature to suppress the diffusion of nitrogen. These plasma‐nitriding conditions enabled us to characterize the surface reaction between nitrogen radicals and the metal substrates. The emission characteristics of the band heads of the nitrogen molecule ion (N₂⁺) and nitrogen molecule from the glow‐discharge plasma suggest that the active nitrogen molecule is probably the major nitriding reactant. AES and angle‐resolved XPS were used to characterize the thickness of the nitride layer and the concentration of elements and chemical species in the nitride layer. The thickness of the nitride layer did not depend on the metal substrate type. An oxide layer with a thickness of a few nanometers was formed on the top of the nitride layer during the nitriding process. The oxide layer consisted of several species of N_x‐Fe_y‐O, NO⁺, and NO₂^?. In the Fe? Cr alloy sample, these oxide species could be reduced because chromium is preferentially nitrided. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Defect structure and optical damage resistance of In:Fe:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios

In:Fe:Cu:LiNbO₃ crystals were grown in air by the Czochralski technique with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios of 0.946, 1.050, 1.200, and 1.380 in melt. Based on the ICP‐AES (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry) analyzed results, the chemical formula of the triple‐doped In:Fe:Cu:LiNbO₃ crystals were obtained. It can be seen that the near‐stoichiometric ratio value is between 1.050 and 1.200 for our samples. The optical damage resistance of In:Fe:Cu:LiNbO₃ crystals was characterized by changes in light‐induced birefringence and it increases with the increasing of [Li]/[Nb] ratios. The dependence of the optical damage resistance on the defect structure of In:Fe:Cu:LiNbO₃ crystals is discussed in detail based on the obtained chemical formulas. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

液相阴极辉光放电原子发射光谱法高灵敏测定精铜矿中的铅和锌

由于重金属毒性大,且在环境、动物和人体器官中易积聚,因而在矿石开采、冶炼和加工之前,监测其中的微量重金属显得尤为重要。著名的原子光谱仪器,如原子荧光光谱(AFS)、原子吸收光谱(AAS)、电感耦合等离子体(ICP)等已广泛用于各种样品中元素的检测,但它们体积大、能耗高、价格昂贵、气体消耗大,这些缺点严重阻碍了野外现场的连续监测。为了满足分析仪器的微型化趋势,1993年Cserfalvi开发了一种电解液阴极放电原子发射光谱(ELCAD-AES)技术并将其用于分析检测中。该装置中,待测溶液以8～10 mL·min-1的流速从细管顶端溢出,然后沿管壁流入装满电解液的35 mL储液池中,以溢出溶液的液面作为放电阴极,在和流动液体电极相距2～4 mm处放一金属W(Ti)棒为阳极,细管浸入电解液并尖端向上弯曲超出储液池液面1～3 mm,细管顶端溢出的液体流入储液池并通过其中的碳棒与电源负极相连,从而构建放电系统。从那时起,为了提高激发效率和放电稳定性,人们对ELCAD进行了大量改进。基于ELCAD的特点,通过改进放电装置,建立了一种新的液相阴极辉光放电(LCGD)分析系统。该系统中,放电在直径0.5 mm的铂针阳极和内径1 mm的毛细管顶端溢出的溶液阴极之间的间隙中产生。毛细管上端和铂丝之间的间隙为2 mm,毛细管插入石墨管且露出石墨管的距离为2.5 mm。样品溶液以4.5 mL·min-1从毛细管顶端溢出流经石墨管上的凹槽,石墨管和电源负极连接。与ELCAD相比,LCGD的优点在于：Pt针做阳极,可形成尖端放电,从而降低能耗(<60 W),提高激发效率;蠕动泵管上打结,可降低泵的脉动性,提高放电的稳定性;石墨管链接电源负极,删除ELCAD中的储液池,使样品消耗更少。为了评估方法的分析性能,用LCGD测定了HNO₃-HCl消化的精铜矿样品中的铅和锌。系统研究了放电稳定性以及放电电压、溶液流速、支持电解质和溶液pH对发射强度的影响,并将LCGD与其他ELCAD的分析性能进行比较。此外,用ICP对LCGD的测试结果进行验证,t检验分析两种结果的差异性。结果表明,当电压从620升高到680 V,发射强度逐渐增大,这是因为电压升高,激发能量增大,单位体积内激发的金属原子增多,激发效率提高。考虑到放电稳定性,选择650 V为最佳放电电压。当流速从2.5增加到4.5 mL·min-1时,发射强度增加,这是由于流速增加导致进入放电区的样品量增加,发射强度增强;流速高于4.5 mL·min-1后,发射强度有下降的趋势,这是由于水荷载的增加引起放电区能量密度降低以及过量水加热消耗了用于激发样品的能量,导致激发能量降低。因此,选择最佳流速为4.5 mL·min-1。pH=1的HNO₃具有较高的激发强度,因而选择pH=1为最佳pH。最佳条件下,Pb和Zn的检出限分别为0.38和0.59 mg·L-1,相对标准偏差分别为0.9%和1.2%,功率低于60 W。实验中的检出限与其他类似方法所测结果有一定差距,这可能与所选谱仪有关。固定激发波长下研究发现,放电过程有较好的稳定性。矿石样品中Pb和Zn的回收率在87.6%~107.4％,LCGD测试结果与ICP基本一致,两种方法基本无显著性差异。与ICP相比,LCGD具有低能耗、高激发效率、小型便携等优点。随着进一步改进,有望开发出可用于实时、在线检测金属元素的微型化仪器。     

Implementation of an 8-bit bit-slice AES S-box with rapid single flux quantum circuits

Rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) circuits are a kind of superconducting digital circuits, having properties of a natural gate-level pipelining synchronous sequential circuit, which demonstrates high energy efficiency and high throughput advantage. We find that the high-throughput and high-speed performance of RSFQ circuits can take the advantage of a hardware implementation of the encryption algorithm, whereas these are rarely applied to this field. Among the available encryption algorithms, the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm is an advanced encryption standard algorithm. It is currently the most widely used symmetric cryptography algorithm. In this work, we aim to demonstrate the SubByte operation of an AES-128 algorithm using RSFQ circuits based on the SIMIT Nb03 process. We design an AES S-bbox circuit in the RSFQ logic, and compare its operational frequency, power dissipation, and throughput with those of the CMOS-based circuit post-simulated in the same structure. The complete RSFQ S-bbox circuit costs a total of 42237 Josephson junctions with nearly 130 Gbps throughput under the maximum simulated frequency of 16.28 GHz. Our analysis shows that the frequency and throughput of the RSFQ-based S-bbox are about four times higher than those of the CMOS-based S-bbox. Further, we design and fabricate a few typical modules of the S-box. Subsequent measurements demonstrate the correct functioning of the modules in both low and high frequencies up to 28.8 GHz.     

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering investigations on silver nanoparticles deposited on alumina and titania nanotubes: influence of the substrate material on surface‐enhanced Raman scattering activity of Ag nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles deposited on various ‘inert’ porous materials (mainly Al₂O₃ and TiO₂) are often used as substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements. In this study, we used the sputter deposition technique to cover tubular arrays of Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ with Ag nanoparticles. Raman spectra of pyridine (as a probe molecule) and of two selected dyes (5‐(4‐dimethylaminobenzylidene)rhodanine and 5‐(4‐(dimethylamino)benzylidene)‐3‐(3‐methoxypropyl)rhodanine) adsorbed on fabricated Ag/TiO₂‐n/Ti and Ag/Al₂O₃‐n/Al substrates were measured. We found that the SERS spectra of pyridine adsorbed on Ag nanoparticles deposited on an Al₂O₃‐n/Al substrate are distinctly different from those measured for an Ag/TiO₂‐n/Ti composite. Similar effects were observed for dyes adsorbed on the surface of both composites. The spectral differences between two kinds of composites (Ag/TiO₂‐n/Ti and Ag/Al₂O₃‐n/Al) are discussed in terms of (1) the modified electronic structure of the Ag nanoparticles due to their interaction with different substrate materials and (2) the different atomic topology of the metal particles thus deposited on the surfaces of the substrates. Composite samples were also studied with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) to reveal their characteristic morphological and chemical features. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.