Tetrabutylammonium iodide catalyzed hydroxylation of naphthoquinone derivatives with tert-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant

We have developed an effective and environmentally benign procedure for the hydroxylation of naphthoquinone derivatives by using tetrabutylammonium iodide as a catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant. This methodology provides a facile protocol for the synthesis of some new naphthoquinone-based hydroxylates in satisfactory yields and broad substrate scope. Based on this new protocol, the synthesis of the drug, parvaquone and lapachol, was achieved. Furthermore, based on the observations of control experiments and the results previously reported, we proposed a plausible mechanism for the hydroxylation of naphthoquinone derivatives.     

β-Hydroxylation of anthraquinone derivatives with benzaldehyde oxime as a source of hydroxyl group

Hydroxyanthraquinones are of significant interest due to their broad spectrum of biological activity, coloring properties and synthetic applications. Here, we describe a mild and convenient method for β-hydroxylation of anthraquinone derivatives that can be used during late stages of modifications. The scheme is based on the Miller-Loudon-Snyder reaction, which uses benzaldoxime as a source of a hydroxyl group. The influence of different leaving groups and neighboring substituents at the anthraquinone core on reaction rate and yield has been evaluated. A series of β-hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives was synthesized using the developed approach.     

羟基加成反应对A-T碱基对结构和质子转移过程的影响

应用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平上对羟基化碱基对A-T的结构进行了研究,经计算共得到8种稳定的羟基化加成产物,其能量的相对顺序为8OHA-TA-T6OHA-T5OH2OHA-T4OHA-T5OHA-TA-T2OHA-T4OH(数字表示羟基加成进攻的原子在腺嘌呤或胸腺嘧啶中的编号),这与其加成反应前后结构变化的大小密切相关.当羟基对腺嘌呤端进行加成时,A-T间的相互作用能略有增加,而当羟基对胸腺嘧啶进行加成时,A-T之间的相互作用能略有减小.另外,还以能量较低的加成产物8OHA-T和A-T6OH为例对羟基化碱基对中A和T之间的质子转移过程进行了研究,结果表明羟基化产物中A与T之间的质子转移机理由未加成前的分步双质子转移变为协同双质子转移,且其势垒低于未加成的A-T发生第一步(决速步骤)质子转移的势垒.     

Non‐Heme‐Type Ruthenium Catalyzed Chemo‐ and Site‐Selective C−H Oxidation

Herein, we developed a Ru(II)(BPGA) complex that could be used to catalyze chemo‐ and site‐selective C?H oxidation. The described ruthenium complex was designed by replacing one pyridyl group on tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine with an electron‐donating amide ligand that was critical for promoting this type of reaction. More importantly, higher reactivities and better chemo‐, and site‐selectivities were observed for reactions using the cis‐ruthenium complex rather than the trans‐one. This reaction could be used to convert sterically less hindered methyne and/or methylene C?H bonds of a various organic substrates, including natural products, into valuable alcohol or ketone products.     

Antimicrobial activity of new bicyclic lactones with three or four methyl groups obtained both synthetically and biosynthetically

Ten new derivatives of isophorone were obtained through a five-step synthesis. Among the products were several unsaturated, bicyclic lactones with three or four methyl groups. These lactones were used as the substrates for biotransformation mediated by selected fungal strains (Fusarium species, Syncephalastrum racemosum, Cunninghamella japonica, Penicillium species, Absidia species, and Pleurotus ostreatus). Four new hydroxylactones were obtained as a result of biotransformation. Because the unsaturated lactone with four methyl groups was a diastereoisomeric mixture, a structural analysis was conducted. The hydroxylactones were also included in this analysis. Both the unsaturated lactones and hydroxylactones were examined for their antimicrobial activity. It was found that some of these compounds exhibited growth inhibition against pathogenic strains of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens), yeasts (Candida albicans) and filamentous fungi (Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp.). All obtained compounds were also subjected to scent analysis.     

Synthesis of chiral 1,2,3-triols via organocatalyzed α-hydroxylation of protected β-hydroxyaldehydes

Protected 1,2,3-triols were prepared by organocatalytic α-hydroxylation of β-hydroxyaldehydes followed by in situ reduction. All diastereoisomers were obtained with correct yields and good to excellent de. The absolute configurations of the new asymmetric centers were confirmed by derivatization into the corresponding epoxide.     

(NH4)15[La(PMo9V2O39)2].6H2O 杂多配合物对苯酚羟化的催化作用

合成了(NH4)15[La(PMo9V2O39)2].6H2O杂多配合物, 并考察其对苯酚过氧化氢羟化反应的催化活性. 探讨了温度、催化剂用量、反应时间、 n(PhOH)/n(H2O2)摩尔比以及反应介质的pH值对反应的影响. 实验结果表明, 以甲醇为溶剂、 n(PhOH)/n(H2O2)=1∶2、反应体系的pH值为5左右、反应温度343 K、反应时间约4 h的条件下, 苯酚转化率可达44.30%, 对苯二酚产率达43.35%. 并采用ICP、 IR、 UV和XRD等技术, 对(NH4)15[La(PMo9V2O39)2].6H2O进行表征, 初步证实了(NH4)15[La(PMo9V2O39)2].6H2O具有Keggin结构.     

（CH4）15[Ce（PMo9V2O39）2].5H2O杂多配合物合成及在苯酚羟化反应中？…

合成了（ＮＨ４）１５「Ｃｅ（ＰＭｏ９Ｖ２Ｏ３９）２」．５Ｈ２Ｏ杂多化合物,并用ＩＣＰ,ＩＲ,ＵＶ,ＸＲＤ等手段对其结构进行表征,结果表明该化合物是具有Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构的杂多化合物。考察了该杂多化合物对苯酚过氧化氢羟化反应的催化活性,研究了反应介质、反应温度、反应时间、反应体系ＰＨ及ｍｏｌＰｈＯＨ：ｍｏｌＨ２Ｏ２对催化活性的影响。实验结果表明：以甲醇为溶剂,用标题化合物作催化剂,当ｍｏｌＰｈＯＨ：ｍ     

杂多酸/离子液体杂化材料催化苯的高选择性羟基化

制备了V取代的磷钼酸H_3+xPMo_12-xV_xO₄₀（x=0,1,2）及1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐离子液体（[C₄mim]Br）,并采用离子交换的方法制备了系列杂化材料（[C₄mim]3+xPMo_12-xV_xO₄₀,x=0,1,2）;采用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）对所制备样品进行了表征;以H₂O₂为氧化剂,考察了所得样品催化苯羟基化制苯酚的活性。结果表明,和相应的离子液体及杂多酸相比,杂化材料的催化活性得到了很大的提高,尤其是催化剂[C₄mim]₅PMo₁₀V₂O₄₀,在优化后的条件下,苯的转化率可达到21%,苯酚的选择性在99%以上。而且,该催化剂具有很好的可重复使用性,连续使用五次后,苯的转化率和苯酚的选择性没有明显降低。     

Photo-irradiation of α-halo carbonyl compounds: a novel synthesis of α-hydroxy- and α,α′-dihydroxyketones

The reaction of α-halo ketones (α-iodocycloalkanones, α-bromocycloalkanones, α-iodo-β-alkoxy esters, and α-iodoacyclicketones) with irradiation under a high-pressure mercury lamp gave the corresponding α-hydroxyketones in good yields. For α-bromoketones, it was found that α-hydroxylation does not occur. However, α-bromoketones were converted into α-hydroxyketones in the presence of KI. In the case of α,α′-diiodo ketones, α,α′-dihydroxyketones, which up to now have scarcely been reported, were obtained. This reaction affords a new, clean and convenient synthetic method for α-hydroxy- and α,α′-dihydroxyketones.