芳香族二硫化物/烯类单体络合光聚合

本文采用二苯基二硫及对位取代物(DS)作为光聚合引发剂,得到一些烯类单体(M)的聚合速度,顺序为:丙烯腈(AN)>甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)>苯乙烯(St)。其中丙烯腈的效果最好。对DS的结构,DS及单体的浓度以及溶剂性质的影响都作了研究。从测定的稳态和瞬态电子光谱表明,在该反应体系中,DS和M分子间能形成基态和激发态络合物,这种激发络合物有较长的寿命,因而很有利于DS的自由基生成。文中对DS的光化学初级过程也作了讨论。     

金鸡纳碱衍生物修饰的负载钌催化剂催化芳香酮不对称加氢

以金鸡纳碱衍生物作为手性修饰剂,研究了三苯基膦(tpp)稳定的1.0%Ru/γ-Al2O3催化剂催化芳香酮多相不对称加氢,考察了稳定剂种类、修饰剂种类、金属负载量、溶剂、碱添加剂种类等因素对不对称加氢反应的影响.结果表明,金鸡纳碱衍生物对1.0%Ru/γ-Al2O3/2tpp催化剂具有较好的修饰作用,在优化的反应条件下苯乙酮及其衍生物加氢反应的对映选择性达78%～98%,2-乙酰基噻吩加氢反应的对映选择性可达80%,2-乙酰基呋喃加氢反应的对映选择性可达75%.     

固相微萃取-气相色谱串联质谱法检测北京大气细颗粒物中的多环芳烃

采用固相微萃取与气相色谱串联质谱联用,建立了快捷测定大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)中16种优控多环芳烃的方法.目标物先用二氯甲烷富集浓缩,然后用100 μm聚二甲基硅氧烷萃取纤维,通过超声萃取方式,在60℃条件下,萃取30 min.在优化的在多反应监测模式下,方法回收率在56.8％ ～ 106.0％之间,检出限为0.022～0.056 ng/m3.应用此方法检测了清华大学采样点采取的2013年1月1到15日北京PM2.5空气样品中的16种PAHs,实验结果表明,PAHs总质量浓度在290～1812 ng/m3之间,其中四环PAHs的总质量浓度最大(145 ～937 ng/m3),其次是五环PAHs(总质量浓度81.1～664.5 ng/m3),分子质量浓度较高的依次是荧蒽、芘、苯并(b)荧蒽、(蕴)、苯并(a)芘、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)蒽和菲,PAHs的污染主要来源于化石燃料燃烧和机动车排放.     

Analysis of EU priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food supplements using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an ultraviolet, diode array or fluorescence detector

High performance liquid chromatography coupled to an ultraviolet, diode array or fluorescence detector (HPLC/UV-FLD) has been used to set up a method to detect the 15(+1) EU priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in food supplements covering the categories of dried plants and plant extracts excluding oily products. A mini validation was performed and the following parameters have been determined: limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, recovery and linearity. They were in close agreement with quality criteria described in the Commission Regulation (EC) No 333/2007 concerning the PAH benzo[a]pyrene in foodstuffs, except the not fluorescent cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene for which the UV detection leads to a higher limit of detection. Analysis of twenty commercial food supplements covering mainly the class of dried plants was performed to evaluate their PAHs contamination levels and to test the applicability of the method to various plant matrices. Fifty percent of analyzed samples showed concentration exceeding 2 μg kg⁻¹ for one or more PAHs.     

Vinylation of Nitro‐Substituted Indoles,Quinolinones, and Anilides with Grignard Reagents

The reaction of vinyl Grignard reagents with o‐methoxynitroarenes containing an electron‐releasing substituent para to the nitro group proceeds through a pathway that is different from the initially expected Bartoli indole synthesis. Thus, instead of giving fused indole derivatives, these reactions provide a very mild and efficient new procedure for the synthesis of synthetically relevant aromatic systems containing an o‐nitrovinyl moiety, such as 5‐nitro‐4‐vinylindoles, 6‐nitro‐7‐vinylindoles, 6‐nitro‐5‐vinyl‐2(1H)quinolinones, and 4‐nitro‐3‐vinylanilines.     

l,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of unsatu rated ferrocene derivatives with carbonitrileN-oxides

3,5-Disubstituted isoxazolines and isoxazoles have been synthesized using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of ferrocene derivatives FcCH=CH₂, FcCOCH=CH₂ and FcCCH with aliphatic and aromatic carbonitrileTV-oxides.Translated fromIzyestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 139–142, January, 1994.     

含硅芳香二胺的合成及其聚酰亚胺硅氧烷的热性能

从ｐ－或ｍ－氯苯胺出发，经三步反应合咸位置弄构的四甲基［双（苯胺）］二硅氧烷和六甲基［双（苯胺）］三硅二氧烷，总产率为２５％．与芳香二胺和芳香四酸二酐共聚得聚酰亚胶硅氧烷．研究了共聚物在玻璃化转变区的热松弛行为．对位异构体的共聚物，其分子链段的构象熵大，运动较易．     

New Discoveries in Study on Hydrocarbons From Thermal Degradation of Heterotrophically Yellowing Algae

Green autotrophic alga Chlorella protothecoides contains a very small quantity of hydrocarbons. Heterotrophic culture of this alga results in the cells yellowing, chlorophyll disappearing, protein decreasing and lipid increasing remarkably. The quantities of hydrocarbons from them directly and from the thermal degradation of the cells at or below 200℃ are very low. These hydrocarbons are characterized by predominance of high molecular weight normal alkanes with maximum at C23-C25. When these heterotrophi-cally yellowing cells are thermally degraded at 300℃ , the aliphatic hydrocarbons increase greatly, 32 times that of the green autotrophic ones at the same temperature. Meanwhile, the low molecular weight normal alkanes with C17 as the peak become predominant instead of the original ones of high molecular weight. The actual potential of microplanktonic algae in producing hydrocarbons should be much greater than what people have recognized before.     

Capillary Column Gas Chromatography of Environmental Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

Abstract

The methodologies are described for isolating clean fractions of polycyclic aromatic compounds from diverse environmental samples such as air particulate matter, sediments, and fish tissue. The common step in all procedures is the separation of the polycyclic aromatic compound fraction into well-defined chemical classes by adsorption chromatography on an alumina column. These procedures greatly facilitate the detailed characterization of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur heterocycles, and nitrogen heterocycles by capillary column gas chromatography.     

A Routine Method for the Quantitative Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Urban Air

Abstract

We have developed a method for the quantitative determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in urban air, which can be performed rather quickly, and which uses a minimal amount of solvents.

Air samples were collected using a home-made low-volume air sampler equipped with glass fibre filter and polyurethane foam plugs. After Soxhlet extraction a liquid-liquid partition was carried out to isolate the PAH fraction. This liquid-liquid partition was performed in micro-scale, enabling us to use small quantities of the solvents and to separate the solution layers very rapidly using a centrifuge. Sample clean-up was accomplished on a high performance liquid chromatograph equipped with two normal phase silica columns. The losses of all investigated PAHs occurring during the various steps of sample clean-up have been determined. The qualitative and quantitative determination of the PAHs was carried out by capillary gas chromatography; the results were confirmed by GC/MS measurements.

The analytical procedure described was applied over a period of one year to measure the concentrations of 21 PAHs in the city of Vienna at a site with high traffic density. The concentrations of the four more volatile PAHs were determined on a semi-quantitative basis. The ratio of two selected PAHs was used to estimate the respective contribution of traffic and domestic heating to the total PAH level at the sampling site.