Evolution of Artificial Base Pairs with Hydrogen Bond Complementarity

Artificial base pairs,from the perspective of synthetic biology,are designed to contain the features of modularity,orthogonality,and manipulability.And the development of artificial base pairs has beat endowed with responsibility to understand the biological process,improve the recognition capacity and stability of aptamers,and develop the nucleoside drugs,diagnosis,and drag delivery.In this review,we first gave a concise introduction of artificial base pairs based on their interaction modes including alternative hydrogen bonding,hydrophobic interaction,and metal coordination.Then we displayed the detailed information of artificial base pairs with hydrogen bonding interaction,and analyzed how the changes of their structures affect their functions.Subsequently,we highlighted the applications of functional artificial base pairs in aptamer discovery,diagnosis,and drug delivery.Finally,an insight into the remaining challenges and future perspective of the artificial bases was provided.     

静电和疏水效应对TGEV主蛋白酶二聚体稳定性的影响

从TGEV 3CL蛋白酶二聚体结构出发,研究了TGEV 3CL蛋白酶二聚体单体之间的静电和疏水相互作用.蛋白质的静电相互作用通过有限差分方法求解Poisson-Boltzmann方程得到,疏水相互作用通过分析溶剂可及性表面模型得到.考察了不同pH值对TGEV 3CL蛋白酶二聚体静电和疏水相互作用的影响,在pH值为5.5～8.5时,二聚体静电相互作用能、静电去溶剂化能和疏水自由能都较小,表明在该条件下静电和疏水相互作用有利于二聚体的稳定存在,这符合实验结晶所需条件.pH值对静电去溶剂化能的影响大于疏水自由能,表明静电作用是造成强酸或强碱条件下二聚体不能稳定存在的主要原因.     

疏水型纳米TiO_2膜的制备、表征及耐蚀性能研究

以乙酰乙酸乙酯(EAcAc)作稳定剂和阻聚剂制备超微TiO2溶胶,用提拉法在AISI316L不锈钢上构筑一层纳米TiO2膜,经水热后处理有效消除膜中的龟裂现象,经氟硅烷基化制备成疏水型纳米TiO2膜.用胶粒分布仪测定溶胶颗粒分布,接触角测试仪测定表面疏水性、XRD、SEM表征膜的形貌、结构,电化学线性极化法测定疏水型纳米TiO2膜在模拟体液(Ringer溶液)中的电化学行为.结果表明:TiO2膜呈多孔有序纳米膜,颗粒分布均匀,粒径约为15～18nm,厚度约375nm,TiO2为锐钛矿型,疏水型纳米膜可使不锈钢腐蚀电流降低3个数量级,其耐腐蚀性大幅度提高.     

丙烯酰胺-苯乙烯双亲嵌段共聚物的微结构及水溶液行为

通过改变丙烯酰胺(AM)与苯乙烯(St)的投料比、苯乙烯与表面活性剂的加入量之比及引发剂加入量,在微乳液中制备了分子链微结构系列变化的丙烯酰胺-苯乙烯双亲嵌段共聚物(PAM-b-PSt),用荧光探针法与表面活性测定法详细地研究了共聚物中PSt嵌段长度、含量及分子量等微结构因素对共聚物在水溶液中的疏水缔合性与表面活性的影响.结果表明,当共聚物水溶液的浓度高于临界缔合浓度时,PAM-b-PSt的疏水缔合作用以分子间的缔合为主.若共聚物中PSt嵌段含量及分子链长一定时,随着PSt疏水嵌段长度增长,PAM-b-PSt的疏水缔合性增强,而对共聚物的表面活性影响很小.若共聚物中PSt疏水嵌段长度及分子链长一定时,PAM-b-PSt的疏水缔合性随着PSt嵌段含量的变化而变化,当PSt嵌段含量一定时,使大分子链之间产生最强的疏水缔合作用;而其表面活性则随着PSt嵌段含量的增大而增强.若共聚物中PSt疏水嵌段长度及含量一定时,分子量对其表面活性有较大的影响,分子量越高,表面活性越差;同时,在较稀的溶液浓度范围内,分子量对PAM-b-PSt的疏水缔合性的影响则很小.     

聚合物结构对包膜缓释肥缓释性能的影响

研发和使用缓控释肥能有效解决普通肥料利用率低以及由于化肥使用过量而引起的环境问题。聚合物包膜型缓控释肥是缓控释肥中的一种,影响其缓释性能的因素如环境因素、包膜厚度、加工工艺等,前人已研究较多。聚合物结构对于缓释性能的影响也很重要,而这方面研究较少。本文主要讨论了聚合物结晶性、分子亲疏水性、分子链柔顺性、交联等结构因素对缓释性能的影响。深入研究聚合物结构对缓释性能的影响有助于缓控释材料的创新;能为聚合物包膜材料的设计、聚合物缓控释肥的研发及生产提供一定的理论依据。     

Direct Insight into the Three‐Dimensional Internal Morphology of Solid–Liquid–Vapor Interfaces at Microscale

Solid–liquid–vapor interfaces dominated by the three‐phase contact line, usually performing as the active center in reactions, are important in biological and industrial processes. In this contribution, we provide direct three‐dimensional (3D) experimental evidence for the inside morphology of interfaces with either Cassie or Wenzel states at micron level using X‐ray micro‐computed tomography, which allows us to accurately “see inside” the morphological structures and quantitatively visualize their internal 3D fine structures and phases in intact samples. Furthermore, the in‐depth measurements revealed that the liquid randomly and partly located on the top of protrusions on the natural and artificial superhydrophobic surfaces in Cassie regime, resulting from thermodynamically optimal minimization of the surface energy. These new findings are useful for the optimization of classical wetting theories and models, which should promote the surface scientific and technological developments.     

Morphology Evolution of Poly（vinylidene fluoride） Membranes during Supercritical CO2 Assisted Phase Inversion

A supercritical carbon dioxide（Sc CO2） assisted phase inversion was developed to produce microporous poly（vinylidene fluoride）（PVDF） membranes whose morphology characteristics arise from both liquid-liquid demixing and solid-liquid demixing（crystallization）. This result was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, from which both α and β crystals were found. As revealed by contact angle experiment, the PVDF membranes prepared via Sc CO2 assisted phase inversion were more hydrophobic compared with the control membrane produced via conventional immersionprecipitation technique. In particular, the sample with 15 wt% PVDF prepared at 45 °C and 13 MPa exhibited a contact angle of 142°, which was mainly caused by the multilevel micro- and nano- structure. The effects of polyethylene glycol（PEG）, polyvinyl pyrrolidone（PVP） and lithium chloride（Li Cl） on the structures and crystal form were investigated. PVP promoted the formation of β phase crystal form, while PEG boosts the evolution of α phase. Li Cl restrained the crystallization degree of PVDF membrane under Sc CO2.     

Low generational polyamidoamine dendrimers to enhance the solubility of folic acid:A‘‘dendritic effect’’investigation

Low generational(G0–G2,G for generation) polyamidoamine(PAMAM) dendrimers were investigated as enhancers to improve the aqueous solubility of folic acid at pH 11 and pH 5.In these two cases,the solubility of folic acid increases with both the dendrimer concentration and generation.However,the solubilization mechanism is different.The electrostatic interaction between the primary amines of dendrimers and the ionized carboxylic groups of folic acid dominates the dissolution process at pH 11 while the increase of the solubility of folic acid at pH 5 is attributed to the hydrophobic encapsulation inside the dendrimer molecules.In addition,for comparison ethylenediamine was used as a small molecule control to examine the ‘‘dendritic effect' in the dendrimer-related solubilization process.Interestingly,PAMAM dendrimers exhibit,at pH 5,a significant superiority over ethylenediamine in enhancing solubility,whereas this ‘‘dendritic effect' cannot be observed under the basic condition.     

利用荧光探针研究聚甲基丙烯酰胺溶液中的疏水微区

利用荧光探针研究聚甲基丙烯酰胺溶液中的疏水微区沈燕清，江鹏飞，吴世康（中国科学院感光化学研究所，北京，１００１０１）关键词荧光探针，疏水微区，聚甲基丙烯酰胺微多相体系研究近年来受到广泛的注意，它不仅是由于长期来已经发现：不同结构的微多相体系如胶束，乳...