~ 1.2 μm near-infrared emission and gain anticipation in Ho doped heavy-metal gallate glasses

Ho³⁺-doped low-phonon-energy heavy-metal gallate glasses (LKBPBG) have been prepared and efficient 1.199 μm emission originating from the ⁵I₆ → ⁵I₈ radiative transition has been observed under 900 nm excitation. The spontaneous emission probability and the maximum stimulated emission cross-section were derived to be 294.31 s^− 1 and 3.46 × 10^− 21 cm², respectively. The ratio of quantum yields between ~ 1.2 and ~ 2.0 μm emissions was identified to be 16%, demonstrating that the ⁵I₆ → ⁵I₈ transition is favorable for optical amplification. The maximum gain coefficient of 1.84 dB/cm at 1.199 μm wavelength was anticipated in the ideal status. These results indicate that the Ho³⁺-doped LKBPBG glasses have a promising potential for the development of ~ 1.2 μm signal amplifier devices.     

The permanent electric dipole moment of holmium monoxide, HoO

The high resolution molecular beam laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectrum of the (0, 0) band of the [17.6]7.5-X₁8.5 system of holmium monoxide, HoO, has been recorded field free and in the presence of a variable static electric field. The rotational constant, B₀, and magnetic hyperfine structure constant, h, for the v = 0 levels of the [17.6]7.5 and X₁8.5 states were obtained by assigning and fitting the field-free spectral features. The Stark shifts and splittings in the LIF spectra were analyzed to produce values for the magnitude of the permanent electric dipole moments, |μ|, of 3.96(6) and 4.80(5) D for [17.6]7.5, v = 0 and X₁8.5, v = 0, respectively.     

Solvothermal Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Properties of the First Organic‐templated Holmium Sulfate [C2N2H10]3[Ho2(SO4)6·2H2O]

The first organic amine‐templated holmium sulfate [C₂N₂H₁₀]₃[Ho₂(SO₄)₆·2H₂O] ( 1 ) has been synthesized solvothermally and has been structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies, IR spectroscopic, thermogravimetric (TG) and inductivity coupled plasma (ICP) measurements. Crystal analyses of compound 1 showed a novel inorganic layer constructed from the zigzag and helical [–Ho–O–S–O–]_n chains, both of the chains are connected by μ‐2 SO₄^2– groups to form 10‐membered rings. The solvent plays an important role during the formation of 1 .     

Thermochemical Study of Coordination of Holmium Chloride Hydrate with Diethylammonium Diethyldithiocarbamate

The complex of holmium chloride hydrate with diethylammonium diethyldithiocarbamate (D-DDC) was synthesized via mixing their solutions in absolute alcohol under a dry N2 atmosphere. The elemental and chemical analyses show that the complex has the general formula Et2NH2[Ho(S2CNEt2)4]. It was also characterized by IR spectroscopy. The enthalpies of the dissolution of holmium chloride hydrate and D-DDC in absolute alcohol at 298.15 K o and the enthalpy changes of liquid-phase reactions of the formation of Et2NH2[Ho(S2CNEt2)4] at different temperatures were determined by microcalorimetry. On the basis of experimental and calculated results, three thermodynamic parameters (the activation enthalpy, the activation entropy and the activation free energy), the rate constant and three kinetic parameters (the apparent activation energy, the pre-exponential constant and the reaction order) of the liquid-phase reaction of the complex formation were obtained, The enthalpy change of the solid-phase complex formation reaction at 298.15 K was calculated by means of a thermochemical cycle.     

Ternäre Chloride in den Systemen NaCl/HoCl3 und NaCl/ErCl3

Ternary Chlorides in the Systems NaCl/HoCl₃ and NaCl/ErCl₃ Phase diagrams of the systems NaCl/HoCl₃ and NaCl/ErCl₃ were determined by means of DTA and high-temperature XRD. There exist compounds Na₃LnCl₆, NaLnCl₄ (Ln ? Ho, Er) and NaHo₂Cl₇. NaHoCl₄ undergoes a phase transition at 374°C from the NaGdCl_4? to the NaErCl_4? type of structure. The thermodynamic functions for the formation of the compounds from NaCl and LnCl₃ were determined by solution calorimetry and e.m.f. measurements in galvanic cells for solid electrolytes. The compounds NaLnCl₄ are the most stable ones.     

Solvothermal Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Properties of a New Organic‐Templated Holmium Sulfate with 1D Single Ladder Chains

A new organic amine templated 1D holmium sulfate (C₂H₈N)[Ho(SO₄)₂ · H₂O] ( 1 ) has been synthesized and solvothermally and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and X‐ray diffraction analyses as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The structure of framework 1 is constructed from HoO₈ polyhedra and SO₄ tetrahedra. S(1) and S(2) connects Ho(1) and its crystallographic partners by using three S–O–Ho linkages to generate double chains, whereas the adjacent double chain are connected by μ₃‐O (O₅) atoms to form a novel single ladder chains.     

Complex formation studies on Ho(III) and Lu(III) with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) in alcohol-water solutions

The formation ofPAN complexes in the systemsLn(III)—PAN—alcohol-water (where:Ln(III)=Ho, Lu and alcohol=ethanol,n-propanol,iso-propanol) was investigated by a spectrophotometric method. Equilibrium constants for the reactionLn ³⁺ + HLLnL ²⁺ + H⁺ (HL=PAN) and stability constants of complexesLnL ²⁺ were calculated.

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Untersuchungen zur Komplexbildung von Ho(III) und Lu(III) mit 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) in alkoholisch-;wä\rigen Lösungen

Zusammenfassung Die Bildung der Komplexe vonPAN in den SystemenLn(III)—PAN—Alkohol-Wasser (Ln(III)=Ho, Lu; Alkohol=Ethanol,n-Propanol,iso-Propanol) wurde mit einer spektrophotometrischen Methode untersucht. Die Gleichgewichtskonstanten der ReaktionenLn ³⁺ + HLLnL ²⁺ + H⁺ (HL==PAN) und die Stabilitätskonstanten der KomplexeLnL ²⁺ wurden berechnet.