Ferroelectricity in antiferromagnetic phases of Eu1−xY xMnO3

This work reports an experimental investigation of the ferroelectric character of magnetic phases of the orthorhombic Eu_1−xY _xMnO₃ system at low temperatures. The temperature dependence of the polarization curves clearly reveals the existence of a re-entrant improper ferroelectric phase for x=0.2, 0.3 and 0.5. A ferroelectric phase is also stable for x=0.4, and we have no experimental evidence for its vanishing down to 7 K. From these and early results obtained using other experimental techniques, the corresponding (x,T) phase diagram was traced, yielding significant differences with regard to the ones previously reported.     

涂钼热解石墨管电热原子吸收测定痕量镓的研究

比较了不同基体改进剂 ,不同涂层对镓在热解石墨管中原子化的影响。研究了以硝酸镍为基体改进剂 ,以涂钼热解石墨管为原子化器镓的原子化机理 ,优化了各项参数 ,找到了一种测定复杂样品中痕量镓的新方法。方法特征量为 2 1 2× 1 0 -1 1 g ,检出限为 1 4× 1 0 -1 0 g ,RSD≤ 3 6 % (n =1 1 ) ,样品回收率 97 4 %～1 0 2 7%。     

Husimi Operator for Describing Probability Distribution of Electron States in Uniform Magnetic Field Studied by Virtue of Entangled State Representation

For the first time we introduce an operator Δ _h (γ,ε;κ) for studying Husimi distribution function in phase space (γ,ε) for electron’s states in uniform magnetic field, where κ is the Gaussian spatial width parameter. The marginal distributions of the Husimi function are Gaussian-broadened version of the Wigner marginal distributions. Using the Wigner operator in the entangled state 〈λ | representation we find that Δ _h (γ,ε;κ) is just a pure squeezed coherent state density operator | γ,ε〉 _{κ κ} 〈γ,ε |, which brings much convenience for studying Husimi distribution, so we name Δ _h (γ,ε;κ) the Husimi operator. We then derive Husimi operator’s normally ordered form that provides us with an operator version to examine various properties of the Husimi distribution. Work supported by the National Natural Science Foundation under the grant: 10775097.     

人体脏器中钼的石墨炉原子吸收测定方法的研究

本文讨论了用衬钽石管测定人体脏器中钼的方法。初钽管完全消除了形成稳定碳化物的影响,灵敏度较用普通石墨炉管提高约８４倍,较用热解石墨管提高了一个数量级,完全消除 记忆效应,减少了钠、钾、铁等共存元素的干扰．方法简单、准确、快速。     

钨盐涂覆-GFAAS法测定肿瘤患者体内痕量锂

钨盐涂覆处理石墨管,大幅度提高测定锂的灵敏度。配以（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４基体改进剂,消除生物基体干扰。特征浓度５．５３×１０－３μｇ·ｍＬ－１／１％,回收率大于９３．７２％,相对标准偏差小于８．９３％。     

Mechanism and kinetics of the reduction of In(III) ions at a polycrystalline gold electrode from highly concentrated ZnCl2 solutions

Summary The mechanism of the cathodic reduction of In(III) at gold has been studied by rotating disc and ring-disc voltammetry in highly concentrated aqueous ZnCl₂ solutions. At concentration of the base electrolyte higher than 7 mol dm^–3, the voltammetric curves recorded at the disc electrode split into two well-separated waves which correspond to the successive charge transfer reactions: In(III) + 2e^– In(I) and In(I) + e^– In. By the use of coulometric and potentiometric techniques, the formal potentials of the In(III)/In(I), In(III)/In and In(I)/In redox couples as well as the equilibrium constants of the reproportionation reaction In(III) + 2 In 3 In(I) has been determined and discussed. The kinetic parameters of the In(III)/In(I) electrode reaction have been also evaluated and discussed.

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Mechanismus und Kinetik der Reduktion von In(III)-Ionen an der Goldelektrode in hochkonzentrierten wäßrigen ZnCl₂-Lösungen

Zusammenfassung Es wird der Mechanismus der Reduktion von In(III)-Ionen in hochkonzentrierten ZnCl₂ Lösungen mittels der Scheiben- und Ring-Scheiben-Elektrode aus Gold untersucht. Wenn die Konzentration des Grundelektrolyten 7 mol dm^–3 übersteigt, verteilen sich die erhaltenen Stromspannungskurven auf zwei gut gestaltete Stufen, die den konsekutiven Durchtrittsreaktionen In(III) + 2e^– In(I) und In(I) + e^– In entsprechen. Aufgrund der coulometrischen und potentiometrischen Messungen werden die Formal-Standardpotentiale der In(III)/In(I)-, In(III)/In-und In(I)/In-Redoxpaare, die Gleichgewichtskonstanten der Reproportionierungsreaktion In(III) + 2 In 3 In ermittelt. Die kinetischen Parameter der Durchtrittsreaktion In(III)/In(I) werden bestimmt und diskutiert.

     

Production of carbon soot with a high content of C60 and C70 fullerenes by electric arc

The effect of the parameters of the electric arc (helium pressure, current and voltage, clearance between electrodes) and of the peculiarities of the setup design (arrangement of electrodes, distance between the arc and the cooling surface, temperature of the soot condensation surface) on the yield of fullerenes has been studied. Conditions for producing soot with a C₆₀ and C₇₀ content up to 43% (toluene extract) have been found.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 805–809, May, 1994.The authors are grateful to N. G. Spitsyna and A. V. Dubovitskii for the determination of the content of C₆₀ and C₇₀ fullerenes in the extract.The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project 93-03-18705).