Design and Construction of 3D Porous Na3V2(PO4)3/C as High Performance Cathode for Sodium Ion Batteries

An easy and delicate approach using cheap carbon source as conductive materials to construct 3D sequential porous structural Na3V2(PO4)3/C(NVP/C)with high performance for cathode materials of sodium ion battery is highly desired.In this paper,the NVP/C with 3D sequential porous structure is constructed by a delicate approach named as“cooking porridge”including evaporation and calcination stages.Especially,during evaporation,the viscosity of NVP/C precursor is optimized by controlling the adding quantity of citric acid,thus leading to a 3D sequential porous structure with a high specific surface area.Furthermore,the NVP/C with a 3D sequential porous structure enables the electrolyte to interior easily,providing more active sites for redox reaction and shortening the diffusion path of electron and sodium ion.Therefore,benefited from its unique structure,as cathode material of sodium ion batteries,the 3D sequential porous structural NVP/C exhibits high specific capacities(115.7,88.9 and 74.4 mA·h/g at current rates of 1,20 and 50 C,respectively)and excellent cycling stability(107.5 and 80.4 mA·h/g are remained at a current density of 1 C after 500 cycles and at a current density of 20 C after 2200 cycles,respectively).     

共轭微孔聚合物的制备与应用

共轭微孔聚合物(CMPs)是一类有机多孔聚合物,与常规共轭聚合物或多孔材料相比,其最大的特点是既有π共轭骨架又具有大量微孔.这类材料在解决能源和环境问题方面显示出巨大的潜力,已在气体吸附、非均相催化、发光材料、化学传感器、电能存储和生物杂化物等领域显示出巨大的应用前景.目前已开发出多种用于CMPs结构单元设计与合成的新...     

可多重聚焦电磁能量的左手材料结构

 功分器在微波工程中广泛应用。基于有损耗的Lorentz模型的时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,分析模拟了左手材料(LHM)的平板结构和环状结构对电磁波源的不同聚焦特性。每个左手材料边界均可以对波源发出的波进行聚焦。同时通过比较,在对称结构中,每个聚焦点的电磁场幅度都相同。说明该左手材料结构可以对电磁波源进行多点聚焦。     

Radiator design for detecting high-energy neutrons with a nuclear track detector

Subsequent to the proposal of a two-layer structured radiator for more efficient detection of high-energy neutrons with a plastic nuclear track detector (PNTD), its availability has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. An inner deuterized hydrocarbon (CD₂) layer adjacent to PNTD should play the role of both a radiator of deuterons recoiled there and a degrader for energetic protons recoiled in the outer layer of a CH₂ material. It was found that the energy dependence of the efficiency was changed sensitively by the thickness of the CD₂ layer. A best combination of CH₂ and CD₂ thickness was estimated under a condition of a constant total thickness. For example, the sensitivity could be flattened within 20% between about 5 and 70 MeV by using -CD₂ and -CH₂.     

GaN非线性光学效应研究进展

本文简述了对非线性光学材料的一般要求，详细介绍了GaN材料的极化效应，以及因此而具有的良好非线性光学效应。以波长转换为例说明了它在未来全光网络中的应用前景。     

Interfacial crack problem in layered soft ferromagnetic materials in uniform magnetic field

The magnetoelastic plane strain problem of an interfacial Griffith crack between two dissimilar soft ferromagnetic elastic materials subjected to a uniform magnetostatic field is considered within the framework of linear magnetoelasticity. By making use of the Fourier integral transform technique, the mixed boundary problem is then reduced to a pair of singular integral equations of the second kind. Solutions of the singular integral equations are obtained numerically by means of a Jacobi polynomial expansion method. Effects of the magnetic field, the combinations of the magnetic properties of materials and the geometric parameters on the magnetoelastic stress intensity factors in the vicinity of crack tip are shown graphically.     

On the influence of local fluctuations in volume fraction of constituents on the effective properties of nonlinear composites. Application to porous materials

Composite materials often exhibit local fluctuations in the volume fraction of their individual constituents. This paper studies the influence of such small fluctuations on the effective properties of composites. A general asymptotic expansion of these properties in terms of powers of the amplitude of the fluctuations is given first. Then, this general result is applied to porous materials.As is well-known, the effective yield surface of ductile voided materials is accurately described by Gurson's criterion. Suitable extensions for viscoplastic solids have also been proposed. The question addressed in the present study pertains to nonuniform distributions of voids in a typical volume element or in other words to the presence of matrix-rich and pore-rich zones in the material. It is shown numerically and analytically that such deviations from a uniform distribution result in a weakening of the macroscopic carrying capacity of the material.     

FDTD study of subwavelength imaging by a photonic crystal slab

The problem of subwavelength imaging via a photonic crystal slab lens made of two-dimensional (2D) square arrays of parallel dielectric cylinders in air is studied and discussed theoretically. The finite-difference time-domain method is employed to investigate the unique features of imaging by such lens. We confirm earlier findings that a photonic crystal slab lens can provide the imaging of a point source. By analysing the transmission properties of the proposed structure, we demonstrate that inside the all-angle negative refraction, there are some favourable directions for waves to travel. We show that the surface termination of the photonic crystal is a key parameter to obtain a good quality image. The super-resolution of two sources separated by a distance less than the wavelength is also considered. It is shown that the achievable resolution is limited by the slab length.     

Impact response of an interface crack in a hybrid piezoelectric laminate

Summary  In a hybrid laminate containing an interfacial crack between piezoelectric and orthotropic layers, the dynamic field intensity factors and energy release rates are obtained for electro-mechanical impact loading. The analysis is performed within the framework of linear piezoelectricity. By using integral transform techniques, the problem is reduced to the solution of a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind, which is obtained from one pair of dual integral equations. Numerical results for the dynamic stress intensity factor show the influence of the geometry and electric field. Received 29 June 2001; accepted for publication 3 December 2001     

Avalanche statistics of sand heaps

Large-scale computer simulations are presented to investigate the avalanche statistics of sandpiles using molecular dynamics. We show that different methods of measurement lead to contradictory conclusions, presumably due to avalanches not reaching the end of the experimental table.