Equation of state of solids from high-pressure isotherm

A new variant of the method of finding the equation of state in the Mie–Grüneisen form is presented. It is based only on high-pressure isotherms of solids. Using this procedure, the semiempirical equation of state and shock adiabats of solids may be found at high pressures and high temperatures. The method is tested on periclase MgO within the range of shock pressures up to 300–500 GPa.     

Determination of Non-metals by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma Detection

Abstract

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has often been employed in the separation and speciation of metal containing compounds. One of the most sensitive devices used for detecting those compounds after the separation is the inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The similar flow rates for these two techniques render the coupling of the devices trivial, usually involving only a short length of capillary tubing. Upon entering the plasma, species are typically determined either via atomic emission spectrometry or mass spectrometry. HPLC-ICP devices have been employed less frequently for the determination of non-metals. This review will describe the applications of HPLC-ICP techniques to the determination of compounds containing carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, and the halogens. The instrumentation used for each application will be described, and the performance of the systems will be summarized.     

Hysteresis of ruby fluorescent line by pressure and annealing effect

Abstract

Accuracy of hydrostatic pressure measurement in a diamond-anvil cell (DAC) depends on the reproducibility of ruby RI fluorescent measurement. The larger scatter in R, fluorescent wavelength shift than the reproducibility of spectroscopic measurement was observed among appropriately mirror-finished ruby plates before setting up in DAC. The characteristics of the scatter changed after loading DAC up to pressure over hydrostatic limit. They vanished by annealing the ruby plates. These phenomena are presumably due to the appearance and disappearance of the residual stress in the ruby crystal. Such hysteresis of ruby fluorescent wavelength shift by pressure and its annealing effect are discussed.     

High pressure organic chemistry; XV. Non-catalyzed cleavage reaction of ethers with acyl halides

Abstract

A variety of cyclic and acyclic ethers are efficiently reacted with acyl chlorides or acyl bromides to afford the ether-cleaved compounds of ω-chloro-or ω-bromoesters under high pressure conditions. The reactivity of ethers is found to be roughly depend on the basicity of the ether oxygen atom.     

1.65μm附近CH4分子高分辨率吸收光谱研究

采用连续可调谐二极管半导体激光器为探测光源,以可调怀特型长光程多通池(46.36～1158.90m)作为吸收池,采用直接吸收的方法,探测了室温下1.65μm附近CH4分子的高分辨率吸收光谱。在6043.00～6053.72cm-1范围内探测了5组不同压力和光程下的吸收光谱,观测到了259条线新的CH4分子吸收谱线,实验数据用Gaussian线型进行拟合,得到了这些吸收谱线的线强、线位置以及线强的标准偏差值,并对光谱中难以分辨的吸收谱线进行了分析。探测得到的最小谱线线强是4.3×10-27cm-1·(molcule·cm-2)-1,吸收谱线线强大于3.0×10-24cm-1·(mol·cm-2)-1由于吸收饱和而未被处理,同时所测得的光谱也显示出CH4分子在1.65μm附近有非常丰富的弱吸收谱线和复杂的结构。文中所报道的吸收谱线都是HITRAN2004数据库中所未报道的,而且也未见有其他文献报道过。     

表面增强激光拉曼光谱测定豆制品中的碱性嫩黄Ⅱ、碱性橙Ⅱ、皂黄

以表面增强激光拉曼光谱技术快速检测了豆制品中碱性嫩黄Ⅱ、碱性橙Ⅱ和皂黄的含量,并以高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行了确证。优化出最佳提取溶剂为甲醇-水(7+3)溶液,样品前处理采用快速溶剂萃取仪(ASE)提取和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化,对ASE和GPC条件进行了优化,提高了提取效率、检测灵敏度、减少提取溶剂用量并且有效去除了基质中大分子的干扰物。对三种色素的表面增强拉曼谱中的特征峰进行了归属认证。碱性嫩黄Ⅱ、碱性橙Ⅱ和皂黄的定量特征峰分别为652,995和983 cm-1;方法检出限为3.0,1.0和4.0 mg·kg-1。三种色素定量特征峰与色素浓度呈良好的线性关系,实验的回收率在83.48%～92.59%范围内,相对标准偏差小于7.2%。该方法新颖、前处理、设备操作简单、分析速度快、重现性好、灵敏度高,成功的对食品中色素进行了定性和定量测定,为食品中色素的检测提供了可靠的参考。     

高能激光精确指向监视系统设计及装调

为实现高能激光的有效发射,设计了一种高能激光精确指向监视系统.该系统通过调整主、次镜的相对位置来进行调焦,同时能够在100~1000m范围内对自然目标清晰成像.利用ZEMAX软件对光学系统进行设计优化,运用ZYGO干涉仪和大口径平行光管进行辅助装调,使成像系统成像角分辨率达到3.38μrad5μrad,光学系统同轴度达到4.75″≤5″,满足设计指标要求.该系统能够捕获、识别、跟踪目标,从而引导高能激光进行精确打击.     

石墨烯包层结构光子晶体光纤的高双折射特性

将PG玻璃材料制作成的椭圆纤芯引入光子晶体光纤中心,设计了一种石墨烯包层结构的高双折射光子晶体光纤.基于有限元法对该光纤的双折射特性进行了数值模拟,研究了光纤孔径比、孔间距和纤芯椭圆对双折射特性的影响,并以该光子晶体光纤的模场面积和限制性损耗为依据进行了优化.研究结果表明:在波长1 550nm处,光纤双折射率高达0.13,满足高双折射要求;两偏振方向模场面积小于0.7μm2,限制性损耗低于10-6 dB/km.该光纤可有效保持光在传输系统中的偏振状态,为高稳定性超连续谱的产生提供依据.     

临近空间高空气球地基探测能力分析

基于探测系统背景辐射特性及高空气球辐射特性,建立了探测系统辐射接收模型.考虑大气传输、光学系统成像、探测器及其采样对辐射的影响,精确计算了高空气球辐射及背景辐射在探测器焦平面阵列上产生的信号电子数,推导出用于高空气球探测的信噪比.利用Modtran软件仿真计算了自身辐射、镜背景辐射、漫背景辐射亮度,分析了复杂大气条件下的气球辐射特性,及高空气球镜反射率、漫反射率与积分时间对探测系统信噪比的影响.结果表明:采用光谱滤波技术,在晴朗无云天气下,可见光近红外(0.6~2.4)探测器适合高空气球探测;在复杂大气条件下,长波红外(8~12)探测器适合高空气球探测;在积分时间为0.25s,镜反射率为0.32,漫反射率为0.68时,或积分时间为1s,镜反射率0.43,漫反射率0.57时,探测系统对高空气球探测能力最强.