全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6461篇 |
免费 | 600篇 |
国内免费 | 520篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 4180篇 |
晶体学 | 39篇 |
力学 | 283篇 |
综合类 | 9篇 |
数学 | 229篇 |
物理学 | 2841篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 11篇 |
2023年 | 107篇 |
2022年 | 114篇 |
2021年 | 111篇 |
2020年 | 142篇 |
2019年 | 143篇 |
2018年 | 93篇 |
2017年 | 193篇 |
2016年 | 287篇 |
2015年 | 260篇 |
2014年 | 338篇 |
2013年 | 617篇 |
2012年 | 376篇 |
2011年 | 519篇 |
2010年 | 393篇 |
2009年 | 449篇 |
2008年 | 379篇 |
2007年 | 466篇 |
2006年 | 431篇 |
2005年 | 331篇 |
2004年 | 280篇 |
2003年 | 230篇 |
2002年 | 140篇 |
2001年 | 115篇 |
2000年 | 118篇 |
1999年 | 89篇 |
1998年 | 95篇 |
1997年 | 88篇 |
1996年 | 96篇 |
1995年 | 68篇 |
1994年 | 70篇 |
1993年 | 40篇 |
1992年 | 39篇 |
1991年 | 40篇 |
1990年 | 35篇 |
1989年 | 54篇 |
1988年 | 55篇 |
1987年 | 36篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有7581条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
171.
本文建立了流动注射二甲酚橙光度法测定镀锌纯化液中Zn ̄2+的自动分析方法。利用区域采样技术和调整管路参数自动完成对样品的上千倍稀释,确定了最佳分析条件并研究了干扰离子的影响及消除办法。所建方法仪器简单,分析速度为84次/小时,变异系数(Zn ̄2+16.0g/L,n=20)为1.O%,用于实际钝化液分析,相对误差小于±10%。 相似文献
172.
Zhihong Liu 《Analytica chimica acta》2004,519(2):147-153
Two kinds of polymeric pH indicators PPF (phenolphthalein-formaldehyde product) and CPF (o-cresolphthalein-formaldehyde product) immobilized cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes (PPF-PVA and CPF-PVA) for optical intermittent determination of high basicity ([OH−] = 1-8 M) based on a kinetic process were developed. In our previous work, we had demonstrated that PPF-PVA and CPF-PVA could perform the determination of high pH values from pH 10.0 to 14.0. Here the discoloring kinetic behaviors of PPF-PVA and CPF-PVA were compared with those of free phenolphthalein, o-cresolphthalein and thymolphthalein. Experimental results and theoretical analysis indicated that the response behaviors of the optodes’ membranes in concentrated NaOH solutions were diffusion-independent and still complied with the pseudo-first-order kinetics. In addition, two data analysis methods for determination were presented. One was directly based on the reduced absorbance; the other was based on the discoloring kinetic constant. It was found that the latter could perform a rapid (60 s) and reliable (relative standard deviation: 2.6%) determination for high basicity. These kinds of optodes can be used repeatedly when they are immersed in low-pH solutions to regain the protonated form after each determination. 相似文献
173.
《中国化学快报》2020,31(4):1039-1043
Ti3C2Tx, a most studied member of MXene family, shows promise as a candidate electrode for pseudocapacitor due to its electronic conductivity and hydrophilic surface. However, the unsatisfactory yield of Ti3C2Tx few-layer flakes significantly restricted it in real applications. Here, we proposed a simple solution to boost the yield of Ti3C2Tx few-layer flakes by decreasing precursor size. When using the small 500 mesh Ti3AlC2 powders as raw material, high yield of 65% was successfully achieved. Moreover, the as-received small flakes also exhibit an enhanced pseudocapacior performance owing to their excellent electrical conductivity, expanded interlayer space and more O content on the surface. This work not only sheds light on the cost effective mass production of Ti3C2Tx few-layer flakes, but also provides an efficient solution for the design of MXene electrodes with high pseudocapacior performance. 相似文献
174.
A simple model of adsorption of large macromolecules on ultra-fine colloidal particles is presented. The basic assumption of the model is that the number of particles attached to a single molecule is a random quantity. Both the reversible and irreversible polymerparticle binding is considered. Also, effects of the non-ideal mixing of polymer solution with suspension and of the polymer/particle size ratio on the shape of the adsorption isotherm are examined. The predictions of the model are confronted with experimental results of the study on the adsorption of very high molecular weight polyacrylamide on fine AgI colloidal particles. 相似文献
175.
The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) participated in an international interlaboratory study under
the auspices of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM) for the determination of 19-norandrosterone (19-NA)
in urine, the principal metabolite of nandrolone and certain other synthetic testosterone substitutes banned for use by the
World Antidoping Agency (WADA). Prior to this study, NIST developed a candidate reference measurement procedure based upon
isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. This method was applied to a urine sample distributed to
the participants in the study by the Australian National Measurement Institute, Pymble, Australia (NMIA). The NIST results
were in very good agreement with those from the other participants, all of whom used methods based upon gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry. All known significant sources of uncertainty were evaluated, resulting in a relative expanded uncertainty of
less than 5% (coverage factor k = 2). 相似文献
176.
177.
The multielement trace analytical method ‘total reflection X-ray fluorescence’ (TXRF) has become a successfully established method in the semiconductor industry, particularly, in the ultra trace element analysis of silicon wafer surfaces. TXRF applications can fulfill general industrial requirements on daily routine of monitoring wafer cleanliness up to 300 mm diameter under cleanroom conditions. Nowadays, TXRF and hyphenated TXRF methods such as ‘vapor phase decomposition (VPD)-TXRF’, i.e. TXRF with a preceding surface and acid digestion and preconcentration procedure, are automated routine techniques (‘wafer surface preparation system’, WSPS). A linear range from 108 to 1014 [atoms/cm2] for some elements is regularly controlled. Instrument uptime is higher than 90%. The method is not tedious and can automatically be operated for 24 h/7 days. Elements such as S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Sn, Sb, Ba and Pb are included in the software for standard peak search. The detection limits of recovered elements are between 1×1011 and 1×107 [atoms/cm2] depending upon X-ray excitation energy and the element of interest. For the determination of low Z elements, i.e. Na, Al and Mg, TXRF has also been extended but its implementation for routine analysis needs further research. At present, VPD-TXRF determination of light elements is viable in a range of 109 [atoms/cm2]. Novel detectors such as silicon drift detectors (SDD) with an active area of 5 mm2, 10 mm2 or 20 mm2, respectively, and multi-array detectors forming up to 70 mm2 are commercially available. The first SDD with 100 mm2 (!) area and integrated backside FET is working under laboratory conditions. Applications of and comparison with ICP-MS, HR-ICP-MS and SR-TXRF, an extension of TXRF capabilities with an extremely powerful energy source, are also reported. 相似文献
178.
With the simultaneous development of blank aluminum clad flexible fused silica glass capillary tubing capable of withstanding temperatures up to 500°C, coincident with a series of special high temperature methyl polysiloxane polymers, it was possible to produce for the first time, long lived fused silica capillary columns containing thin films of thermostable stationary phases which could be maintained isothermally at 400425°C and temperature programmed to 425–440°C. The “bleed rate” here for a well conditioned column was 5 picoamperes or less. Under these circumstances, alkanes with carbon numbers in the C-90 to C-100 area were rapidly and efficiently eluted from these columns. By extrapolation here, one can easily detect certain compounds with boiling points in the 750°C range. Since this type of capillary column was found to possess certain favorable properties, it was thought that it will soon replace the packed column and will probably be more popular than the borosilicate capillary column for many high temperature applications. Moreover, evidence has now accumulated which leads us to further believe that the majority of analyses of “high molecular weight” compounds performed by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC), utilizing very narrow bore fused silica capillary columns at several hundred atmospheres, can be much more simply, much more rapidly, much more economically, and much more efficiently accomplished by gas chromatography utilizing this new generation of high temperature capillary columns. 相似文献
179.
The activity coefficients at infinite dilution have been measured at 25°C for cyclohexane, cyclohexene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, benzene, n-hexane, 1-hexene, 1-hexyne, n-heptane, 1-heptene and 1-heptyne in decahydronaphthalene, bicyclohexyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene and cyclohexylbenzene. These results, together with previously determined H
m
E
and V
m
E
have been used to calculate the partial molar excess thermodynamic properties of mixing at infinite dilution. 相似文献
180.
Summary The quantitative use of high speed capillary electrophoresis (HSCE) is examined by applying high voltages across short capillaries.
Acceptable performance in terms of injection precision and migration times were achieved within 1–2 minute analysis times.
HSCE was used for the novel CE application of dissolution test sample solution analysis. The results generated by HSCE compared
well with those generated using validated on-line UV absorbance measurements. It is concluded that HSCE is a viable alternative
and supplement to standard analytical methods employed in dissolution test analysis. 相似文献