全文获取类型
收费全文 | 189547篇 |
免费 | 18540篇 |
国内免费 | 17773篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 160105篇 |
晶体学 | 2490篇 |
力学 | 5989篇 |
综合类 | 1287篇 |
数学 | 21829篇 |
物理学 | 34160篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 227篇 |
2023年 | 1328篇 |
2022年 | 3266篇 |
2021年 | 3227篇 |
2020年 | 4125篇 |
2019年 | 5327篇 |
2018年 | 4922篇 |
2017年 | 6631篇 |
2016年 | 7269篇 |
2015年 | 8629篇 |
2014年 | 9676篇 |
2013年 | 16169篇 |
2012年 | 13946篇 |
2011年 | 12064篇 |
2010年 | 10193篇 |
2009年 | 11999篇 |
2008年 | 11998篇 |
2007年 | 12017篇 |
2006年 | 10858篇 |
2005年 | 9766篇 |
2004年 | 8615篇 |
2003年 | 7287篇 |
2002年 | 8172篇 |
2001年 | 5110篇 |
2000年 | 4832篇 |
1999年 | 3967篇 |
1998年 | 3146篇 |
1997年 | 2584篇 |
1996年 | 2291篇 |
1995年 | 2215篇 |
1994年 | 1881篇 |
1993年 | 1585篇 |
1992年 | 1414篇 |
1991年 | 1108篇 |
1990年 | 946篇 |
1989年 | 911篇 |
1988年 | 862篇 |
1987年 | 745篇 |
1986年 | 623篇 |
1985年 | 558篇 |
1984年 | 575篇 |
1983年 | 313篇 |
1982年 | 508篇 |
1981年 | 434篇 |
1980年 | 398篇 |
1979年 | 369篇 |
1978年 | 225篇 |
1977年 | 133篇 |
1976年 | 127篇 |
1973年 | 82篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
992.
《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2006,38(3):150-157
The role of water‐soluble corrosion products on galvanized wires was examined. The samples used were industrial hot‐dip galvanized wires, which were exposed to the open air under all weather conditions for a relatively short time (6 and 12 months), in an urban environment close to the sea. The samples were studied by different methods, i.e. scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy (OM). Several phases were detected because of the galvanization procedure and the steel substrate. Furthermore, phases which were formed as a result of the reaction of zinc with the atmosphere were also detected. These were oxides like ZnO, carbonates like ZnCO3 and hydrated Zn and Fe sulfates. Their presence influences the corrosion resistance of the wires, which finally, strongly depends on the solubility of the wires in water. The SO42? compounds especially are very soluble and consequently are easily removed from the coating surface, leading to its degradation by the formation of cavities. In any case, their presence, even after a short period of exposure, implies that the coating is highly affected by the atmosphere of the modern city. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
993.
994.
采用5d-4f跃迁的稀土Ce3+-冠醚配合物(Ce-二环己基并-18-冠-6,Ce-DC18C6)作为发光掺杂剂,4,4'-二(9-咔唑基)联苯(CBP)为基质,设计制备了紫外发光器件:ITO/CuPc/Ce-DC18C6:CBP/Bu-PBD/LiF/Al,首次观测到峰位于376nm的Ce3+离子的紫外电致发光。通过对比器件的EL谱与Ce3+-冠醚配合物薄膜的PL谱发现,EL光谱中有部分来自Ce3+配合物中的Ce3+离子的。这种5d-4f电子跃迁的掺杂质量分数为3%时,该UV-发光器件的最大辐射功率为13μW/cm2。 相似文献
995.
熔制了掺铒碲铌玻璃样品(100-X)TeO2-XNb2O5(X=5,10,15,20mol%),测试了其密度、折射率、转变温度、析晶温度、维氏机械强度、吸收光谱、荧光光谱、荧光寿命等参量。利用Judd-Ofelt和McCumber理论分别计算了铒离子强度参量Ωt(t=2,4,6)和受激发射截面σemi的大小,研究了掺铒碲铌玻璃样品光谱参量对Nb2O5成分的依赖性,并与典型的碲锌钠玻璃(75TeO2-20ZnO-5Na2O)在热学、机械强度、光谱性质和放大品行四个方面进行了比较. 相似文献
996.
哈特曼-夏克波前传感器进行波前探测时,用子孔径光斑强度的一阶矩来计算光斑质心位置,子孔径窗口作为探测窗口,但探测时子孔径窗口内噪声对一阶矩有很大的影响,会使质心探测精度产生很大的误差。因此在计算质心位置时探测窗口的选取对探测精度有重要影响,必须选取合适的探测窗口来提高光斑质心探测精度。为此,在传统算法的基础上提出优化探测窗口的方法来提高质心探测精度,仿真和实验结果表明新方法提高了质心探测的精度,未经处理的高噪声恢复波前的波前残差峰谷值是2.851 4λ,均方根值是0.606 3λ,优化探测窗口后波前残差的峰谷值是1.636 2 λ,均方根值是0.367 1 λ,重构误差减小了40%。证明了算法的可行性和稳定性。 相似文献
997.
F. Vlker 《Optics & Laser Technology》1991,23(6):331-334
An alexandrite-laser rod was actively Q-switched in the transversal fundamental mode at λ = 758 nm with an double crystal KD*P Pockels cell. Pulse width, pulse energy and optical pulse delay (the build-up time of the photon field in the resonator) were measured as functions of pumping energy, rod temperature and reflectivity of the output coupling mirror. As the laser gain of alexandrite strongly depends on temperature, the pulse width and pulse energy were also investigated as functions of the temperature of the active material. A comparison of experimental data with theory was made. 相似文献
998.
Diem Ho 《Numerische Mathematik》1989,56(7):721-734
Summary The acceleration by Tchebychev iteration for solving nonsymmetric eigenvalue problems is dicussed. A simple algorithm is derived to obtain the optimal ellipse which passes through two eigenvalues in a complex plane relative to a reference complex eigenvalue. New criteria are established to identify the optimal ellipse of the eigenspectrum. The algorithm is fast, reliable and does not require a search for all possible ellipses which enclose the spectrum. The procedure is applicable to nonsymmetric linear systems as well. 相似文献
999.
Despite its capability of high spatial resolution, simulation of turbulent flows with traditional Lagrangian (front tracking) scheme is often discouraged by numerical instability caused by clustering of marker nodes and topological changes of fronts. Contour advection surgery (CAS), being a robust front tracking scheme, can limit the growth of front complexity during simulation without jeopardizing accuracy or efficiency. This allows it to open up an advantage over traditional front-tracking schemes. It has already been demonstrated that CAS, with incorporation of the reaction sheet model, can accurately simulate the propagation and advection of a turbulent premixed V-shaped flame. In this study, it is further tested with 10 values of vortex circulation. A range of upstream turbulence levels of 1.8–19.8% was obtained. Results indicate that upstream turbulence increase the average flame length, flame zone area and the overall burning rate. Flame surface density Σ was also estimated. Maximum values of Σ obtained lie in the range 0.1–1.4 mm−1. Skewness towards the burnt region was observed in all profiles of Σ. Similar to results from laboratory experiments, it was found that Σ values decreases with upstream turbulence. From this study, the ability of CAS to cope with intense turbulence is demonstrated and a better quantitative understanding on the scheme has also been acquired. 相似文献
1000.
Motohiro Mizuno Yoji Aoki Darius Greenidge 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2006,67(4):705-709
The angular dependence of the 27Al NMR spectrum was measured for single crystals of smoky and colorless topaz, Al2SiO4(F,OH)2. Smoky topaz was obtained by irradiating high energy neutrons to colorless topaz. The quadrupole coupling constant e2Qq/h and the asymmetry parameter η were obtained from the analysis of the angular dependences of quadrupole splitting of the 27Al NMR spectrum. The local structures around the aluminum atoms in smoky and colorless topaz were discussed from the magnitude and the direction of the electric field gradient. The directions of principal axes of the EFG tensor of 27Al were close to the directions of Al-O and Al-F bonds. The difference in the bond lengths between Al(1)-F(1) and Al(1)-F(2) was found to affect the x and y components of the EFG tensor. 相似文献