Phase diagram of the extended hubbard model with pair hopping interaction

A one-dimensional model of interacting electrons with on-site U, nearest-neighbor V, and pair-hopping interaction W is studied at half-filling using the continuum limit field theory approach. The ground state phase diagram is obtained for a wide range of coupling constants. In addition to the insulating spin-density wave (SDW) and charge-density wave (CDW) phases for large U and V, respectively, we identify a bond-charge-density-wave (BCDW) phase W < 0, | U - 2V| < | 2W| and a bond-spin-density-wave (BSDW) for W > 0, | U - 2V| < W. The possibility of bond-located ordering results from the site-off-diagonal nature of the pair-hopping term and is a special feature of the half-filled band case. The BCDW phase corresponding to an enhanced Peierls instability in the system. The BdSDW is an unconventional insulating magnetic phase, characterized by a gapless spin excitation spectrum and a staggered magnetization located on bonds between sites. The general ground state phase diagram including insulating, metallic, and superconducting phases is discussed. A transition to the η-superconducting phase at | U - 2V| ≪ 2t?W is briefly discussed. Received 20 February 2002 / Received in final form 11 April 2002 Published online 19 July 2002     

Electronic structure and magnetism of YbRhSn

The electronic band structure of YbRhSn has been calculated using the self-consistent full potential nonorthogonal local orbital minimum basis scheme based on the density functional theory. We investigated the electronic structure with the spin-orbit interaction and on-site Coulomb potential for the Yb-derived 4f orbitals to obtain the correct ground state of YbRhSn. The exchange interaction between local f electrons and conduction electrons play an important role in the heavy fermion characters of them. The fully relativistic band structure scheme shows that spin-orbit coupling splits the 4f states into two manifolds, the 4f_7/2 and the 4f_5/2 multiplet.     

Modeling subspecies and the tumor-immune system interaction: Steps toward understanding therapy

A mesoscopic nutrient competition model for cancer growth is generalized to describe the growth of a heterogeneous tumor and the interactions between the tumor and the immune system. Our simulations show that the success of a mutation depends not only on its intrinsic competitive advantages, but also on its location in the tumor mass. It is also shown that the simple killing of tumor cells by immune cells, even when their activity is increased by therapy, is not sufficient to stem tumor growth, but another mechanism (such as pinning) is needed for a successful therapy.     

175Hf核ε衰变的IXK/Iγ(343keV)比值计算和分析及其辐射数据计算

简要地介绍了¹⁷⁵Hf核ε衰变的I_XK/I_γ(343keV)比值的计算方法与实验测量的比较与分析,并在此基础上,计算得到了P_γ(343keV)=0.869±0.004,还给出了¹⁷⁵Hf核ε衰变的辐射数据的计算与推荐     

() reaction studies of Dy and Hf

Angular distributions for the ¹⁶³Dy(t,p) and ¹⁷⁷Hf(t,p) reactions were measured using 17 MeV tritons from the McMaster University Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator. Reaction products were analyzed with a magnetic spectrograph and detected with photographic emulsions. Favored L=0 transitions confirmed assignments of the 5/2⁻[523] band in ¹⁶⁵Dy and 7/2⁻[514] band in ¹⁷⁹Hf. Additional L=0 transitions in each nuclide identified previously unknown 5/2⁻ levels in ¹⁶⁵Dy and 7/2⁻ ones in ¹⁷⁹Hf. Overall trends of L=0 strengths support the existence of subshell closures at neutron numbers 98 and 108. On the basis of a relatively strong L=2 transition, the K^π=11/2⁻ γ-vibration based on the 7/2⁻[514] state is identified at 1689 keV in ¹⁷⁹Hf, about 440 keV above its previously-assigned K^π=3/2⁻ partner.     

The influence of vaporization upon the roots of a high current arc. I. Different forms of vaporization in the arc roots

Arc roots at which marked vaporization occur are unstable and therefore in general non-stationary. High speed photography of arc roots using various electrode materials in Ar, SF₆, and N₂ shows that the appearance of the arc roots results from the superposition of several phenomena. On graphite cathodes in Ar it was possible to observe these phenomena separately by varying the cooling of the electrodes. It is shown that distinctions must be drawn between the real current transfer region with relatively weak vaporization, vaporization from the electrode surface outside this region and vaporization from within the body of the electrode. The energy-balance determined experimentally confirms the theoretical prediction that the energy for strong vaporization of the cathode is supplied by an ioncurrent.     

Defect structure and optical damage resistance of Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals

A series of Hf:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystals were grown by the Czochralski technique with various doping concentrations of HfO₂. Their defect structures were analyzed by the UV-visible absorption spectra and infrared absorption spectra. The optical damage resistance of Hf:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystals was measured by the photo-induced birefringence change and the transmitted light spot distortion method. The results show that the optical damage resistance ability of Hf:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystals enhances remarkably with the HfO₂ concentration increasing when the HfO₂ concentration is lower than its threshold concentration (4 mol%). However, when the HfO₂ concentration exceeds its threshold concentration, the optical damage resistance ability of the crystals returns to decrease. This unusual behavior is explained by using the photovoltaic field produced in the crystals.     

The Al-doping and post-annealing treatment effects on the structural and optical properties of ZnO:Al thin films deposited on Si substrate

Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) thin films with different Al contents were deposited on Si substrates using the radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements showed that the crystallinity of the films was promoted by appropriate Al content (0.75 wt.%). Then the ZnO:Al film with Al content of 0.75 wt.% was annealed in vacuum at different temperatures. XRD patterns revealed that the residual compressive stress decreased at higher annealing temperatures. While the surface roughness of the ZnO:Al film annealed at 300 °C became smoother, those of the ZnO:Al films annealed at 600 and 750 °C became rougher. The photoluminescence (PL) measurements at room temperature revealed a violet, two blue and a green emission. The origin of these emissions was discussed and the mechanism of violet and blue emission of ZnO:Al thin films were suggested. We concluded that the defect centers are mainly ascribed to antisite oxygen and interstitial Zn in annealed (in vacuum) ZnO:Al films.     

Influence of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment time on penetration depth of surface modification into fabric

In order to determine the relationship between the treatment duration of atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) and the penetration depth of the surface modification into textile structures, a four-layer stack of polyester woven fabrics was exposed to helium/oxygen APPJ for different treatment durations. The water-absorption time for the top and the bottom sides of each fabric layer was reduced from 200 s to almost 0 s. The capillary flow height for all fabric layers in the stack increased linearly with the treatment duration but the rate of increasing reduced linearly with the fabric layer number. A model for the capillary flow height as a function of treatment duration and the layer number was established based on the experimental data and the maximum penetration depth of the APPJ was predicted for the polyester fabric. The improved wettability of the fabrics was attributed to the enhanced surface roughness due to plasma etching and the surface chemical composition change due to plasma-induced chemical reaction as detected by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The surface roughness and the surface chemical composition change diminished as the fabric layer number increased.     

Study on the surface of fluorosilicone acrylate RGP contact lens treated by low-temperature nitrogen plasma

In order to improve the surface hydrophilicity of fluorosilicone acrylate rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lens, low temperature nitrogen plasma was used to modify the lens surface. Effects of plasma conditions on the surface structures and properties were investigated. Results indicated that the surface hydrophilicity of RGP contact lens was significantly improved after treatment. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that the nitrogen element was successfully incorporated into the surface. Furthermore, some new bonds such as NCO, F⁻ and silicate were formed on the lens surface after nitrogen plasma treatment, which could result in the improvement of the surface hydrophilicity. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) results indicated that nitrogen plasma with moderate power could make the surface smoother in some degree, while plasma with higher power could etch the surface.