Diterpenoids from Rabdosia Nervosa

Six ent-kaurene type diterpenoids were isolated from the leaves of Rabdosia nerwsa. Among them.ganer-vosin A and B are new compounds, the structures of which were elucidated as 1 and 2 respectively by spectral and chemical methods. The other four were identified as odonicin (3), novelrabdosin (4), nodosin (5) and shikokianal acetate (8). Compounds (1), (2), (5) and (8) have not been found in this herb previously.     

石吊兰的红外光谱分析

本论文首次采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法对云南当地药材石吊兰的根、茎、叶和花进行了对比研究, 比较了它们红外光谱的异同。结果表明: 同一株石吊兰的不同部位, 它们吸收峰的峰形大体相同, 但由于它们所属的部位不同, 它们的化学成分和相对含量出现差异, 它们红外光谱的吸收峰位置和吸收强度均有不同。分析获得的红外光谱, 发现石吊兰的根、茎、叶和花均有不同的缺峰现象。根据各种化学键和官能团振动所引起的吸收峰形状和范围, 判断推理出石吊兰中含有生物碱、黄酮类化合物、石吊兰素(即黄酮甙元)和β-谷甾醇等化合物。石吊兰的红外光谱分析为石吊兰的定量分析和定性分析提供了科学依据。     

鼠曲草的红外光谱分析

利用傅立叶红外光谱仪测定了鼠曲草的根、茎、叶和花的红外光谱图, 分析比较了它们在光谱图上的差异, 尽管它们的吸收峰的强度和位置有所差异, 但是通过对红外光谱图的主要特征峰的峰位和强度的分析, 推断出它们均含有氨基酸、淀粉、甙类、酮类、挥发油、豆甾醇等物质。此结果对鼠曲草的开发和利用提供了科学依据。     

固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定中草药及其土壤中多种有机氯农药残留量

建立了中草药及其土壤中多种有机氯农药残留量的固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱(SPE-CGC)分析方法,并对7种中草药及其土壤中多种有机氯农药残留量的相关性进行了初步研究。样品以正己烷-丙酮用超声波提取,Florisil(1 g)固相萃取小柱快速净化提取物。采用SPB-5弹性石英毛细管柱分离样品,GC-ECD检测7种中草药及其土壤中的13种有机氯农药的残留量。方法的线性范围为1.26×10-10~2.24×10-7g/mL;检出限为6.4×10-11~6.1×10-10g/mL;加样平均回收率为87.3%~104.4%(RSD为1.1%~7.0%)。     

A Conversation with William A. Fowler – Part II

Physicist William A.Fowler initiated an experimental program in nuclear astrophysics after World War II. He recalls here the Steady State versus Big Bang controversy and his celebrated collaboration with Fred Hoyle and Geoffrey and Margaret Burbidge on nucleosynthesis in stars. He also comments on the shift away from nuclear physics in universities to large accelerators and national laboratories.John Greenberg received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Wisconsin and was Caltech research fellow in history from 1980–1984. The Editors were saddened to learn that he died while this interview was in press. Requests for reprints may be directed to Judith R. Goodstein, Institute Archives 015A-74, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA; e-mail: jrg@caltech.edu.     

Quality control of medicinal herbs Fructus gardeniae, Common Andrographis Herb and their preparations for their active constituents by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection-electrospray mass spectrometry

Dehydroandrographolide, andrographolide and geniposide are the main active constituents of many herbal medicines, e.g., Fructus gardeniae, Common Andrographis Herb. They are used as the markers to control the quality of such herbal medicines and their herbal preparations. In this paper, a simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method coupled with photodiode array detection (DAD) and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) were developed to determine the three compounds simultaneously in extracts of medicinal herbs and herbal preparations produced by different companies. The extracts were separated on a C₁₈ reversed phase HPLC column, with a gradient solvent system, the time for the separation of the three target analytes was 10 min. The abundance ions were recorded using selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode with m/z 297.3, 297.3 and 411.1 for dehydroandrographolide, andrographolide and geniposide, respectively. The limit of detection for dehydroandrographolide, andrographolide and geniposide were 20, 30 and 150 ng mL⁻¹, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the contents of the compounds in related to medicinal herbs and preparations.     

傅里叶变换红外光谱分析三种彝药材

傅里叶变换红外光谱研究三种彝药材的指纹图谱,并初步分析了它们的有效药物成分和图谱的关系.在金丝杜仲的块根中,淀粉纤维素含量高,而在真金草和回心草中,纤维素和蛋白质的含量更高些.实验发现,金丝杜仲的止血功能和溶血功能可能与所含鞣质类物质和四环三萜类成分有关.真金草的抗梅毒作用可能源于其中的生物碱的生理活性,其活血作用也与四环三萜类物质成分有关,所含多糖和苷则对治疗肝炎有效.回心草的安神作用可能与所含的三萜皂元成分有关,三萜皂元具有安定作用.利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法可以方便、快速和准确地分析中药材的某些有效成分,文章对三种药材的部分药物疗效在分子水平上给出了一定的科学依据.     

Effect of wine processing and acute blood stasis on the serum pharmacochemistry of rhubarb: A possible explanation for processing mechanism

As a specific item mentioned in traditional Chinese medicine theory, processing can fulfill different requirements of therapies. Crude and wine‐processed rhubarbs are used as drastic and mild laxatives, respectively. In this study, a practical method based on ultra‐fast liquid chromatography coupled with diode‐array detection and ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was developed to screen and analyze multiple absorbed bioactive components and metabolites in the serum of both normal and acute blood stasis rats after oral administration of crude or wine‐processed rhubarbs. A total of 16 compounds, mainly including phase II metabolites, were tentatively identified. Possible explanations for the processing‐induced changes in pharmacological effects of traditional Chinese medicines were first explored at serum pharmacochemistry level.     

Eremophilenolides from Cacalia Roborowskii

ThegenusCacaliabelongstothetribesenecioneae,facelyCompositae,andcomprisesmorethan60speciesoccurringinChina,'ofwhichca.26specieslacelongbeenusedasChinesetradihonalfolkherb.2SeveralspeciesofthegenusCacahawereinvestigatedduetotheirantioxidantantiradical,andantiltistamineactivities.3Thepresenceofpyrrolizidinealkaloidsandsesquitefpenesinmanyspeciesoftribesenencioneaceiswelldocumented.'"InacontinuahonoftileStudyontilesmictureswiUIbioactivitiesfromtileCacahagenus,wereportheretheisolahonandsmictta…     

Ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantitation of five phthalides in rat plasma: Application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan and herb‐pair extract

A fast, sensitive, and reliable ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation and pharmacokinetic study of five phthalides (senkyunolide A, ligustilide, butylidenephthalide, 3‐butylphthalide, and levistilide A) in rat plasma after oral administration of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXLD) or Angelica sinensis‐‐Ligusticum chuanxiong herb pair (DG‐CX) between normal and arthritis rats. After extraction from blood, the analytes and internal standard were subjected to ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with a Shim‐pack XR‐ODS column (75 × 3.0 mm², 2.2 μm particles) and mobile phase was composed of methanol and water (containing 0.05% formic acid) under gradient elution conditions, with an electrospray ionization source in the positive ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode. The lower limits of quantification were 0.192–0.800 ng/mL for all the analytes. Satisfactory linearity, precision, accuracy, mean extraction recovery, and acceptable matrix effect have been achieved. The validated method was successfully applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study of five bioactive components in rat plasma after oral administration of HLXLD or DG‐CX alone, respectively, between normal and arthritic rats. The results showed that there were unlike characters of pharmacokinetics among different groups.