小孔流速实验中的排水时间和流量系数的研究

本文以水作为理想流体,考虑到水头损失和孔口缩流效应,对小孔流速实验涉及的容器排水问题进行了系统的理论和实验研究.从理论上推导得出了圆柱形容器排水时间的解析解,分析了排水时间和自由液面速度、流量系数之间的规律,提出了排水时间的等效性.实验上,加工了底部开有不同小孔的大型圆柱形容器,测量了容器排水时间随液面高度的变化关系,借助实验结果计算了流量系数值,验证了容器排水时间的等效性关系,实验结果与理论计算符合较好.     

电枢膛内高速运动控制仿真与试验

电磁轨道发射的过程中,电枢在膛内高速运动时会受到电磁力、电枢初始正压力、摩擦力、空气阻力、烧蚀阻力等多种因素影响,电枢的出口速度呈现出在一定范围内波动的特征。为了提高电枢的出口速度精度,针对膛内电枢与轨道摩擦不均衡性和烧蚀程度不确定的特性,综合考虑脉冲成形网络的电路模型与电枢的动力学特征,建立了电枢在膛内的运动开环控制仿真模型。通过仿真,得出了脉冲电源模块触发时刻与电枢出口速度之间的关系,提出了电枢出口速度闭环控制模型,探究了电枢出口速度控制可行方案。结果表明：应用闭环控制算法,可实现对电枢出口速度的精确控制。     

Measurement and simulation of sand saltation movement under fluctuating wind in a natural field environment

Extensive research on the near surface movement of sand particles has focused on wind tunnel experiments, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation of sand saltation under ideal and controllable conditions. Most field observations are results on the average rate of sand transport over some hours or the whole day. However, researchers found recently that the effect of turbulent characteristics of near surface wind in real atmospheric boundary layers on the sand transport rate was obvious. The turbulent characteristics would cause a significant discrepancy between field observation and simulation of sand transport rate. In this work, a field experiment in a real-time system was designed to synchronously measure physical quantities, such as fluctuating wind velocity in the near surface region, sand transport intensity, temperature, and humidity, with the frequency of 1 Hz, at two points on a homogeneous flat sand surface located in the Minqin area, which is between the edges of the Badain Jaran Desert and the Tengger Desert. The relationship between the saltation events and some physical properties, such as the fluctuating wind velocity, temperature, and humidity, was studied. On the basis of the field observation results, a numerical model was developed to simulate sand movement under the fluctuating wind. The overall features of the experimental measurements were reproduced by simulation.     

Note on the surface wave due to the prescribed elevation

In the present paper, a study of the deep-sea water wave caused by an oscillatory wind stress due to the atmospheric depression, resulting in spiral cyclonic wind pressure on the surface of the sea is made. It has been observed that the motion of the water wave in the case of wind stress exhibits a greater elevation on the sea surface asg the acceleration due to gravity decreases and maintains the oscillatory nature with the increase of time. For the case of spiral cyclonic motion for which the sea surface experiences the elliptical pressure on the surface, the motion diminishes asg diminishes and oscillates with the variation of time. The motion also diminishes asymptotically as the radius vector of the elliptical pressure approaches unity.     

Slow Light in One-Dimensional Coupled-Resonator Waveguide Controlling by an Electric Field

The photon transport properties in one-dimensional coupled-resonator waveguide embedded with a quantum dot molecule are investigated. The calculations reveal that one can control the photon transport by using a gate electric field. The phase shift and group velocity delay of the transmitted single photon are discussed. This research may be found applications in integrated optoelectronic devices and solid quantum devices.     

脉冲激光烧蚀碲镉汞材料的等离子体发射谱

脉冲激光辐照处于不同背景气压下的Hg0.8Cd0.2Te材料表面,用时间和空间分辨诊断技术探测了激光照射后产生的等离子体发射谱,根据所获得的飞行时间谱测量了等离子体中粒子的出射速度,结果表明粒子速度随着出射距离的增加迅速减小,且背景气压对出射速度有很大的影响,而激光能量对粒子速度的影响不大。另外根据谱线的展宽计算了等离子体中的电子密度,结果表明,电子密度在激光辐照样品后的短时间内迅速减小,且电子密度最大的位置不是出现在靶的表面而是在距表面一定距离处。     

半导体激光器的自混合散斑干涉测量流体速度

提出了一种简便的激光自混合散斑干涉测量流体速度的方法。根据散斑和法布里-珀罗腔的理论,提出了半导体激光器的自混合散斑干涉模型。研究了流体运动时在半导体激光器内产生的自混合散斑干涉效应(SMPI),给出了激光器输出增益的变化及其概率密度分布。得到了激光自混合散斑干涉平均频率与流体速度之间的关系。模拟计算和实验结果验证了这个关系。利用散斑干涉的平均频率与流体速度的关系测量了高分子材料溶液的速度,并在溶液浓度和背景光变化时,对流体速度进行了测量、比较和分析。实验表明。在溶液浓度不太低时,测量误差小于8％。     

多道时间谱仪测量光速

介绍了多道时间谱仪的时间幅度变换原理，描述了谱仪的调试和主要指标的测定，并应用多道时间谱仪测量了光速．     

Velocity overshoot of start-up flow for a Maxwellfluid in a porous half-space

Stokes' first problem has been investigated for a Maxwell fluid in a porous half-space for gaining insight into the effect of viscoelasticity on the start-up flow in a porous medium. An exact solution was obtained by using the Fourier sine transform. It was found that at large values of the relaxation time the velocity overshoot occurs obviously and the system exhibits viscoelastic behaviours. On the other hand, for short relaxation time the velocity overshoot disappears and the system exhibits viscous behaviours. A critical value of the relaxation time was obtained for the emergence of the velocity overshoot. Furthermore, it was found that the velocity overshoot is caused by both the viscoelasticity of the Maxwell fluid and the Darcy resistance resulting from the structure of the micropore in the porous medium.     

广角任意反射面速度干涉仪的光学性质研究

研究了广角任意反射面速度干涉仪(VISAR)的光学性质。阐述了广角VISAR的原理,指出广角诊断靶中椭球镜的作用是将靶丸内表面成虚像在靶丸中心附近。使用Zemax模拟了成像弯曲对动态干涉条纹形成的影响,提出使用异形光纤面板进行像面矫正。研究了工程误差对干涉仪成像的影响,若要取得良好的成像效果,椭球镜的位置偏差不得多于30 μm,倾角不得超过4°,长轴方向加工误差需小于0.1 μm,短轴方向误差需小于4 μm,镜面反射率应高于70%。讨论了广角VISAR光学研究的进一步发展方向如影响动态条纹的更多可能因素、像面矫正的其他方法、物与像面的光学对应等。