超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速筛查水产品中15种碱性合成色素

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF MS)快速检测水产品中15种碱性合成色素的方法。水产样品经乙腈(含10%(v/v)乙酸)提取,采用C₁₈复合硅胶基质分散管进行样品净化处理。目标物采用C₁₈色谱柱分离,以乙腈和0.1%(v/v)甲酸-5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,四极杆飞行时间串联质谱电喷雾正离子模式检测。结果表明:15种碱性色素的定量限(LOQs, S/N=10)为0.1~100 μg/kg,并在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)≥0.993。在3个加标水平下的平均回收率为80.60%~107.37%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.33%~6.69%(n=6)。该方法快速、简便、灵敏度高,适用于日常水产品中15种碱性合成色素的快速筛查。     

分散固相萃取净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋和鸡肉中金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺残留

建立了鸡蛋和鸡肉中金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺残留量的分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。鸡蛋和鸡肉样品经氨水-乙腈(2 : 98, v/v)提取后,提取液经氮气吹干至1 mL后,利用C18和NH₂填料进行分散固相萃取净化,过滤膜后分析。采用ZORBAX C18色谱柱分离,用1 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.1%(v/v)甲酸)-甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,正离子多反应监测模式。结果表明,金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺在0.15~10.0 μ g/L范围内具有较好的线性关系,鸡蛋和鸡肉中的检出限均为0.05 μ g/kg,定量限均为0.20 μ g/kg。当2种药物在鸡蛋和鸡肉中的加标水平为0.2、1.0和2.0 μ g/kg时,平均回收率范围为89%~108%,相对标准偏差范围为5.0%~8.6%。该方法能够满足鸡蛋和鸡肉中金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺残留量分析的要求。     

Tutorial review on validation of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry methods: Part II

This is the part II of a tutorial review intending to give an overview of the state of the art of method validation in liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and discuss specific issues that arise with MS (and MS–MS) detection in LC (as opposed to the “conventional” detectors). The Part II starts with briefly introducing the main quantitation methods and then addresses the performance related to quantification: linearity of signal, sensitivity, precision, trueness, accuracy, stability and measurement uncertainty. The last section is devoted to practical considerations in validation. With every performance characteristic its essence and terminology are addressed, the current status of treating it is reviewed and recommendations are given, how to handle it, specifically in the case of LC–MS methods.     

Tutorial review on validation of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry methods: Part I

This is the part I of a tutorial review intending to give an overview of the state of the art of method validation in liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and discuss specific issues that arise with MS (and MS/MS) detection in LC (as opposed to the “conventional” detectors). The Part I briefly introduces the principles of operation of LC–MS (emphasizing the aspects important from the validation point of view, in particular the ionization process and ionization suppression/enhancement); reviews the main validation guideline documents and discusses in detail the following performance parameters: selectivity/specificity/identity, ruggedness/robustness, limit of detection, limit of quantification, decision limit and detection capability. With every method performance characteristic its essence and terminology are addressed, the current status of treating it is reviewed and recommendations are given, how to determine it, specifically in the case of LC–MS methods.     

Analysis of peptides and protein digests by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry using neutral pH elution conditions

In this study, the advantages of carrying out the analysis of peptides and tryptic digests of proteins under gradient elution conditions at pH 6.5 by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and in-line electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) are documented. For these RP separations, a double endcapped, bidentate anchored n-octadecyl wide pore silica adsorbent was employed in a capillary column format. Compared to the corresponding analysis of the same peptides and protein tryptic digests using low pH elution conditions for their RP-HPLC separation, this alternative approach provides improved selectivity and more efficient separation of these analytes, thus allowing a more sensitive identification of proteins at different abundance levels, i.e. more tryptic peptides from the same protein could be confidently identified, enabling higher sequence coverage of the protein to be obtained. This approach was further evaluated with very complex tryptic digests derived from a human plasma protein sample using an online two-dimensional (2D) strong cation-exchange (SCX)-RP-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS system. Again, at pH 6.5, with mobile phases of different compositions, improved chromatographic selectivities were obtained, concomitant with more sensitive on-line electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometric (ESI-MS/MS) analysis. As a consequence, more plasma proteins could be confidently identified, highlighting the potential of these RP-HPLC methods with elution at pH 6.5 to extend further the scope of proteomic investigations.     

Study of blood collection and sample preparation for analysis of vitamin D and its metabolites by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

The analysis of vitamin D status, with special emphasis on 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, is gaining interest in clinical studies due to the classical and non-classical effects attributed to this prohormone. In this research, the influence of the two steps preceding determination (viz. sample collection and preparation) on the quantitative analysis of vitamin D and its more important metabolites has been studied. Two preparation approaches, deproteination and solid-phase extraction (SPE), have been evaluated in terms of sensitivity to delimit their application, thus establishing that detection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D cannot be addressed by protein precipitation. Concerning sample collection, serum and plasma reported high accuracy (above 83.3%) for vitamin D and metabolites, while precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, was below 12.9% for all analytes in both samples. Statistical analysis revealed that serum and plasma provided similar physiological levels for vitamin D₃, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃, while significantly different levels were obtained for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, always higher in plasma than in serum. Sample collection and treatment have proved to be significant in the analysis of vitamin D and its relevant metabolites.     

重组人胰岛素注射液中B3和B3iso脱氨人胰岛素的分析与鉴定

建立了有效分离重组人胰岛素注射液中B3和B3iso脱氨人胰岛素的反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)法,并采用高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS/MS)对其进行氨基酸序列的鉴定。在《中国药典》2010版重组人胰岛素注射液有关物质检查分析方法的基础上,优化流动相p H值,以0.2mol/L硫酸盐缓冲液(p H 3.6)-乙腈(90∶10)作为A相,乙腈-水(50∶50)为B相,梯度洗脱,分别收集杂质峰1和杂质峰2,脱盐浓缩后,用丝氨酸蛋白酶(V8酶)酶切,取部分酶切溶液经三(2-羧乙基)膦盐酸盐(TCEP)还原,分别得到还原和非还原肽段溶液,利用LC-MS/MS鉴定氨基酸序列,未知杂质分别为重组人胰岛素B3位发生脱氨和异构化的产物,即B3和B3iso脱氨人胰岛素。将优化后的方法与《中国药典》方法对市售重组人胰岛素注射液进行有关物质的对比分析,已上市厂家的重组人胰岛素注射液均有不同程度的B3和B3iso脱氨人胰岛素存在。该方法不影响重组人胰岛素其它有关物质的检测,可用于监控人胰岛素注射液产品储存过程中脱氨类杂质的增长趋势。     

气相色谱-单光子电离飞行时间质谱的联用及在柴油组分表征中的应用

建立了一种气相色谱(GC)与单光子电离-飞行时间质谱(SPI-TOF MS)联用(GC/SPI-TOF MS)的分析方法。首先,设计了一种双层套管的传输管用于连接GC与SPI-TOF MS,实现了GC与单光子电离离子源的无缝连接。在此基础上,以n-十五烷标准品和苯/甲苯/二甲苯的标准气为对象,对电离源的重要电压参数进行了优化,得到了纯净的分子离子峰,实现了对各类有机物的快速和准确定性。最后,将该方法用于分析柴油中的挥发性与半挥发性有机物,获得了柴油组分的二维GC×SPI-TOF MS谱图。不需要复杂的谱图解析和数据处理,根据谱图中离子的质荷比(m/z)归纳了柴油的主要成分,包括脂肪烃、芳香烃和含量很低的苯并吡咯等含氮化合物;根据色谱的保留时间将柴油中的同分异构体区分开来。结果表明GC/SPI-TOF MS法是一种简单、有效的分析方法,非常适于柴油及复杂环境样品等的分析表征。     

Mass spectrometry detection of minor new meridianins from the antarctic colonial ascidians Aplidium falklandicum and Aplidium meridianum

Taking into account the broad biological activities found in the meridianin indole alkaloids isolated to date, we have re‐examined the organic extracts of an Antarctic collection of the tunicates Aplidium meridianum and A. falklandicum (Chordata: Ascidiacea) by HPLC in conjunction with a high‐resolution mass spectrometer (HPLC‐MS). A new set of analogs of meridianins A–G has been detected, and their structures are proposed on the basis of the molecular formulae identified by LC‐HRMS analysis using a C18 column with a gradient of water/acetonitrile and an LTQ‐FT‐MS Orbitrap detector. Remarkably, dimers derived from meridianin A and from meridianin B or E were also detected. Our findings provide further evidence of the broad variability within the meridianin‐like derivatives of this highly bioactive alkaloid family. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Selective reagent ionisation‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry: a rapid technology for the novel analysis of blends of new psychoactive substances

In this study we demonstrate the potential of selective reagent ionisation‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry for the rapid and selective identification of a popular new psychoactive substance blend called ‘synthacaine’, a mixture that is supposed to imitate the sensory and intoxicating effects of cocaine. Reactions with H₃O⁺ result in protonated parent molecules which can be tentatively assigned to benzocaine and methiopropamine. However, by comparing the product ion branching ratios obtained at two reduced electric field values (90 and 170 Td) for two reagent ions (H₃O⁺ and NO⁺) to those of the pure chemicals, we show that identification is possible with a much higher level of confidence then when relying solely on the m/z of protonated parent molecules. A rapid and highly selective analytical identification of the constituents of a recreational drug is particularly crucial to medical personnel for the prompt medical treatment of overdoses, toxic effects or allergic reactions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.