Chemical expansion of solid oxide fuel cell materials: A brief overview

The importance of oxygen non-stoichiometry induced expansion, known as chemical expansion, for the mechanical properties of solid oxide fuel cells （SOFCs） is discussed. The methods used to measure chemical expansion and the defects responsible for its existence are introduced. Recent work demonstrating the origin of chemical expansion in fluorite structured oxides for SOFCs is presented. Models used to predict stress induced by chemical expansion in SOFCs, highlighting the necessity of considering electro-chemo-mechanical coupling relationships, are discussed.     

On the pressure and stress singularities induced by steady flows of a pair of nonmiscible, incompressible, viscous fluids in contact with a wall

Design for structural integrity requires an appreciation of where stress singularities can occur in structural configurations. While there is a rich literature devoted to the identification of such singular behavior in solid mechanics, only of late has there been much in the way of corresponding identifications of flow-induced stress singularities in fluid mechanics. These recent asymptotic identifications are for a single incompressible viscous fluid： Here the asymptotic approach is extended to apply to a configuration entailing two such fluids, For this configuration, various specifications leading to power or log singularities are determined. These results demonstrate that flow-induced stress singularities can occur in a structural container at a location where no singularities are identified within solid mechanics alone.     

Hermite WENO-based limiters for high order discontinuous Galerkin method on unstructured grids

A novel class of weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) schemes based on Hermite polynomials,termed as HWENO schemes,is developed and applied as limiters for high order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method on triangular grids.The developed HWENO methodology utilizes high-order derivative information to keep WENO reconstruction stencils in the von Neumann neighborhood.A simple and efficient technique is also proposed to enhance the smoothness of the existing stencils,making higher-order scheme stable and simplifying the reconstruction process at the same time.The resulting HWENO-based limiters are as compact as the underlying DG schemes and therefore easy to implement.Numerical results for a wide range of flow conditions demonstrate that for DG schemes of up to fourth order of accuracy,the designed HWENO limiters can simultaneously obtain uniform high order accuracy and sharp,essentially non-oscillatory shock transition.     

Unsteady flow of viscoelastic fluid between two cylinders using fractional Maxwell model

The unsteady flow of an incompressible fractional Maxwell fluid between two infinite coaxial cylinders is studied by means of integral transforms.The motion of the fluid is due to the inner cylinder that applies a time dependent torsional shear to the fluid.The exact solutions for velocity and shear stress are presented in series form in terms of some generalized functions.They can easily be particularized to give similar solutions for Maxwell and Newtonian fluids.Finally,the influence of pertinent parameters on the fluid motion,as well as a comparison between models,is highlighted by graphical illustrations.     

Asymptotic analysis of outwardly propagating spherical flames

Asymptotic analysis is conducted for outwardly propagating spherical flames with large activation energy.The spherical flame structure consists of the preheat zone,reaction zone,and equilibrium zone.Analytical solutions are separately obtained in these three zones and then asymptotically matched.In the asymptotic analysis,we derive a correlation describing the spherical flame temperature and propagation speed changing with the flame radius.This correlation is compared with previous results derived in the limit of infinite value of activation energy.Based on this correlation,the properties of spherical flame propagation are investigated and the effects of Lewis number on spherical flame propagation speed and extinction stretch rate are assessed.Moreover,the accuracy and performance of different models used in the spherical flame method are examined.It is found that in order to get accurate laminar flame speed and Markstein length,non-linear models should be used.     

Elastically restrained Bernoulli-Euler beams applied to rotary machinery modelling

Facing the lateral vibration problem of a machine rotor as a beam on elastic supports in bending,the authors deal with the free vibration of elastically restrained Bernoulli-Euler beams carrying a finite number of concentrated elements along their length.Based on Rayleigh's quotient,an iterative strategy is developed to find the approximated torsional stiffness coefficients,which allows the reconciliation between the theoretical model results and the experimental ones,obtained through impact tests.The mentioned algorithm treats the vibration of continuous beams under a determined set of boundary and continuity conditions, including different torsional stiffness coefficients and the effect of attached concentrated masses and rotational inertias, not only in the energetic terms of the Rayleigh's quotient but also on the mode shapes,considering the shape functions defined in branches.Several loading cases are examined and examples are given to illustrate the validity of the model and accuracy of the obtained natural frequencies.     

Dynamic analysis of an offshore pipe laying operation using the reel method

A system designed for a rigid and flexible pipe laying purposes is presented in the paper.Mathematical and numerical models are developed by using the rigid finite element method(RFEM).The RFEM is an efficient solution in the time domain.Static and dynamic problems related to pipe installation are solved by taking the advantage of simple interpretation and implementation of the method.Large deformations of the pipe during spooling and when it is reeled out at sea are considered.A material model implemented is used to take into consideration nonlinear material properties.In particular,the full elasto-plastic material characteristics with hardening and Bauschinger effect are included.Dynamic analyses are performed and the results attached in this work demonstrates how the sea conditions influence the machinery and pipeline,assuming a passive reel drive system. The influence of several other operational parameters on dynamic loads is verified.An active system,implemented as a part of the mathematical model,improves the system performance.Some results are presented as well.     

Analysis of regular and chaotic dynamics of the Euler-Bernoulli beams using finite difference and finite element methods

Chaotic vibrations of flexible non-linear Euler-Bernoulli beams subjected to harmonic load and with various boundary conditions(symmetric and non-symmetric)are studied in this work.Reliability of the obtained results is verified by the finite difference method(FDM)and the finite element method(FEM)with the Bubnov-Galerkin approximation for various boundary conditions and various dynamic regimes(regular and non-regular).The influence of boundary conditions on the Euler-Bernoulli beams dynamics is studied mainly,dynamic behavior vs.control parameters { ωp,q0 } is reported,and scenarios of the system transition into chaos are illustrated.     

Effects of thermophoresis particle deposition and of the thermal conductivity in a porous plate with dissipative heat and mass transfer

Network simulation method(NSM) is used to solve the laminar heat and mass transfer of an electricallyconducting,heat generating/absorbing fluid past a perforated horizontal surface in the presence of viscous and Joule heating problem. The governing partial differential equations are non-dimensionalized and transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential similarity equations,in a single independent variable,η. The resulting coupled,nonlinear equations are solved under appropriate transformed boundary conditions. Computations are performed for a wide range of the governing flow parameters,viz Prandtl number,thermophoretic coeffcient(a function of Knudsen number),thermal conductivity parameter,wall transpiration parameter and Schmidt number. The numerical details are discussed with relevant applications. The present problem finds applications in optical fiber fabrication,aerosol filter precipitators,particle deposition on hydronautical blades,semiconductor wafer design,thermo-electronics and problems including nuclear reactor safety.     

Doubly periodic patterns of modulated hydrodynamic waves: Exact solutions of the Davey-Stewartson system

Exact doubly periodic standing wave patterns of the Davey-Stewartson (DS) equations are derived in terms of rational expressions of elliptic functions.In fluid mechanics,DS equations govern the evolution of weakly nonlinear,free surface wave packets when long wavelength modulations in two mutually perpendicular,horizontal directions are incorporated.Elliptic functions with two different moduli (periods) are necessary in the two directions.The relation between the moduli and the wave numbers constitutes the dispersion relation of such waves.In the long wave limit,localized pulses are recovered.