Proton solvates, H·nH2O·mL, formed by diphosphine dioxides with chlorinated cobalt(III) dicarbollide acid

Interaction of hydrated proton, H₅O₂⁺·(H₂O)₄, in dichloroethane solutions with diphosphine dioxides (L) having methyl (Ph₄Me), ethyl (Ph₄Et) and polyoxyethylene chains (Ph₄PEG) linking two diphenyl phosphine oxide groups has been investigated. A bulky counter ion: chlorinated cobalt(III) bis(dicarbollide), [Co(C₂B₉H₈Cl₃)₂]⁻, minimizes perturbation of the cation. At low concentrations, Ph₄Et and Ph₄PEG form anhydrous 1:1 complexes with (P)O–H⁺–O(P) fragment having very strong symmetrical H-bonds. At these conditions Ph₄Me form another compound, H₅O₂⁺·L(H₂O)₂, due to lower PO basicity and optimal geometry of the chelate cycle. At higher concentrations, Ph₄Me and Ph₄Et form isostructural complexes H₅O₂⁺·L₂, whereas Ph₄PEG forms only a 1:1 complex with proton dihydrate, H₃O⁺·H₂O. In excess of free Ph₄Me and Ph₄Et a water molecule is introduced to the first coordination sphere of H₅O₂⁺ and the average molar ratio L/H₅O₂⁺ of the complexes exceeds 2. The composition of these complexes as a function of L and its concentration is discussed.     

The first heterometallic Cu(II)/Cr(III) complex with an open-chain Schiff-base ligand self-assembled from copper powder,Reineckes salt,ethylendiamine and acetone

A novel supramolecular assembly [{Cu(enac)}₂Cr(NCS)₄(NH₃)₂][Cr(NCS)₄(NH₃)₂]₃ · 4(CH₃)₂CO (enac = 4,6,6-trimethyl-3,7-diazanon-3-ene-1,9-diamine), the first example of a Cu/Cr heterometallic compound containing a Schiff-base ligand such as enac, and an anion of Reineckes salt, Cr(NCS)₄(NH₃)₂⁻, as a building block, was obtained by the self-assembly reaction of copper powder and Reineckes salt in an acetone/methanol (1:4) solution of ethylenediamine in the open air. An X-ray study shows that the complex includes a trinuclear Cu₂Cr cation, constructed from two Cu(enac)²⁺ moieties and a trans-[Cr(NCS)₄(NH₃)₂]⁻ block as a two-linking bridging ligand. The metal–metal separations within the cation are Cu?Cr = 6.393(31) Å and Cu?Cu = 12.786(63) Å. The supramolecular architecture of the complex involves two types of H-bonded chains, the first chain is generated by trinuclear cations [{Cu(enac)}₂Cr(NCS)₄(NH₃)₂]²⁺, [Cr(NCS)₄(NH₃)₂]⁻ anions and (CH₃)₂CO molecules, while the second by crystallographically different anions of Reineckes salt and (CH₃)₂CO. Variable-temperature (1.8–300 K) magnetic susceptibilities show a slight change of the μ_B value at low temperature, indicative of weak antiferromagnetic interactions (J_CuCr = −0.9 cm⁻¹) between the paramagnetic centers.     

Theoretical study of bifurcated bent blue-shifted hydrogen bonds CH<Subscript>2</Subscript>···Y

Ab initio quantum chemistry methods were applied to study the bifurcated bent hydrogen bonds Y··· H₂CZ (Z = O, S, Se) and Y···H₂CZ₂ (Z = F, Cl, Br) (Y = Cl⁻, Br⁻) at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) and MP2/6-311++G(2df,2p) levels. The results show that in each complex there are two equivalent blue-shifted H-bonds Y···H-C, and that the interaction energies and blue shifts are large, the energy of each Y···H-C H-bond is 15–27 kJ/mol, and Δr(CH) = −0.1 − −0.5 pm and Δv(CH) = 30 − 80 cm⁻¹. The natural bond orbital analysis shows that these blue-shifted H-bonds are caused by three factors: large rehybridization; small direct intermolecular hyperconjugation and larger indirect intermolecular hyperconjugation; large decrease of intramolecular hyperconjugation. The topological analysis of electron density shows that in each complex there are three intermolecular critical points: there is one bond critical point between the acceptor atom Y and each hydrogen, and there is a ring critical point inside the tetragon YHCH, so these interactions are exactly H-bonding.     

Theoretical study of bifurcated bent blue-shifted hydrogen bonds CH_2…Y

Ab initio quantum chemistry methods were applied to study the bifurcated bent hydrogen bonds Y… H2CZ (Z = O, S, Se) and Y…H2CZ2 (Z = F, Cl, Br) (Y = Cl-, Br-) at the MP2/6-311 G(d,p) and MP2/6-311 G(2df,2p) levels. The results show that in each complex there are two equivalent blue-shifted H-bonds Y…H—C, and that the interaction energies and blue shifts are large, the energy of each Y…H—C H-bond is 15-27 kJ/mol, and Δr(CH) = -0.1 - -0.5 pm and Δv(CH) = 30 - 80 cm-1. The natural bond orbital analysis shows that these blue-shifted H-bonds are caused by three factors: large rehybridization; small direct intermolecular hyperconjugation and larger indirect intermolecular hy- perconjugation; large decrease of intramolecular hyperconjugation. The topological analysis of elec- tron density shows that in each complex there are three intermolecular critical points: there is one bond critical point between the acceptor atom Y and each hydrogen, and there is a ring critical point inside the tetragon YHCH, so these interactions are exactly H-bonding.     

Synthesis and X-ray structural investigations of 2-amino-7-methyl-4-(1-naphthyl)-5-oxo4H,5H-pyrano[4,3-b]pyran-3-carbonitrile and 2-amino-4-(1-naphthyl)-5-oxo-4H,5Hpyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carbonitrile

Synthesis and X-ray structural investigations have been carried out for the two title compounds C₂₀H₁₄N₂O₃ (4) and C₂₃H₁₄N₂O₃⋅C₂H₃N (5). Compound 4 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n, with a = 7.0542(5), b = 8.822(1), c = 24.833(2) ?, β = 94.30(4)^∘, V = 1541.0(4) ?³, and Z = 4. Compound 5 crystallizes with an acetonitrile solvent molecule in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n, with a = 11.075(1), b = 7.854(1), c = 22.703(2) ?, β = 90.67(1)^∘, V = 1974.5(3) ?³, and Z = 4. In both molecules, the 4H-pyran ring adopts a flattened-boat conformation. The naphthalene substituent occupies a pseudo-axial position and the dihedral angle with the flat part of the pyran ring is equal to 94.6(3) in 4 and 76.8(3)^∘ in 5. The mutual orientation of these fragments and the flatness of the heterocyclic rings lead to H⋅sH intramolecular steric interactions: H4A⋅sH18A 1.98 ? in 4 and 2.11 ? in 5. In the crystal of 4, intermolecular hydrogen bonds N–H⋅sO and C–H⋅sN link molecules into infinite tapes along the b axis. In the crystals of 5, intermolecular hydrogen bonds N–H⋅sO and C–H⋅sN link molecules into infinite layers parallel to the bc plane. In each case, the C–H⋅sN interaction can be considered to be a weak hydrogen bond. The acetonitrile molecules link via intermolecular weak C–H⋅sN hydrogen bonds to form infinite chains along the b axes.     

4-Methyl morpholinium bis-(thio)barbiturates: Synthesis,structure, anticancer evaluation,and CoMFA study

The reaction of symmetrical (thio)barbituric acids with aldehydes in the presence of 4-methyl morpholine yielded a new form of 4-methyl morpholinium bis-(thio)barbiturate containing charge-separated intermolecular and eight-membered intramolecular H-bonds. X-ray Crystallography, FT-IR, and ¹H and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy techniques were used for structure characterizations. Some of these compounds showed potent anticancer activities. Cytotoxicity of the synthetic compounds against HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines were performed by MTT assay. In addition, a comparative molecular field analysis was carried out, and the effects of substituents on the biological activities of these compounds were explained.     

Structural properties of dilute aqueous solutions of dimethylformamide and acetone based on computer simulation

The Monte Carlo simulation of molecular configurations for aqueous solutions ofN,N-dimethylformamide and acetone was carried out. The atom-atom radial distribution functions were determined. The topological properties of the H-bond system were investigated. The concentrations of closed H-bond cycles and the radial distribution functions of their geometric centers were found. It was shown that the local arrangement of molecules and supermolecular assemblies typical of the H-bond network in neat water is retained in the solutions studied. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 592–599, April, 1998.     

Synthesis, crystal structure, IR-spectral data and some properties of 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazolium tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorosilicate

3,5-Diamino-1,2,4-triazolium tetrafluoroborate (LH)BF₄ and hexafluorosilicate (LH)₂SiF₆ have been isolated and characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure determination, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, solubility data, potentiometry. The N-H?F and N-H?N hydrogen bonds play an important role in a formation of 3-D structures of two compounds. The relationship between the salts structure and some properties is discussed.     

A QM/QTAIM microstructural analysis of the tautomerisation via the DPT of the hypoxanthine·adenine nucleobase pair

We provide a pathway for the tautomerisation of the biologically important hypoxanthine·adenine (Hyp·Ade) nucleobase pair (C_s) formed by the keto tautomer of the Hyp and the amino tautomer of the Ade into the Hyp*·Ade* base pair (C_s) formed by the enol tautomer of the Hyp and the imino tautomer of the Ade by applying quantum-mechanical calculations and Bader's Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules analysis. It was found out that the dipole active Hyp·Ade?Hyp*·Ade* tautomerisation occurs via the asynchronous concerted double proton transfer (DPT) through the TS_{Hyp·Ade?Hyp*·Ade*} (C_s). Based on the sweeps of the energies of the intermolecular H-bonds along the intrinsic reaction coordinate, it was established that the N6H···O6 H-bond (5.40) is cooperative with the N1H···N1 H-bond (6.99) in the Hyp·Ade base pair, as well as the O6H···N6 H-bond (11.50) is cooperative with the N1H···N1 H-bond (7.28 kcal·mol^?1) in the Hyp*·Ade* base pair, mutually strengthening each other. The Hyp*·Ade* base pair possesses an extremely short lifetime 2.68·10^?14 s, which is predetermined by the negative value of the Gibbs free energy of the reverse barrier of its tautomerisation, and all of the six low-frequency intermolecular vibrations cannot develop during this period of time. Consequently, the Hyp·Ade→Hyp*·Ade* DPT tautomerisation cannot serve as a source of the rare tautomers of the bases.     

Conjugated β-Cyclodextrin Enhances the Affinity of Folic Acid towards FRα: Molecular Dynamics Study

Drug targeting is a progressive area of research with folate receptor alpha (FRα) receiving significant attention as a biological marker in cancer drug delivery. The binding affinity of folic acid (FA) to the FRα active site provides a basis for recognition of FRα. In this study, FA was conjugated to beta-cyclodextrin (βCD) and subjected to in silico analysis (molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation (100 ns)) to investigate the affinity and stability for the conjugated system compared to unconjugated and apo systems (ligand free). Docking studies revealed that the conjugated FA bound into the active site of FRα with a docking score (free binding energy < −15 kcal/mol), with a similar binding pose to that of unconjugated FA. Subsequent analyses from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), and radius of gyration (Rg) demonstrated that FA and FA–βCDs created more dynamically stable systems with FRα than the apo-FRα system. All systems reached equilibrium with stable RMSD values ranging from 1.9–2.4 Å and the average residual fluctuation values of the FRα backbone atoms for all residues (except for terminal residues ARG8, THR9, THR214, and LEU215) were less than 2.1 Å with a consistent Rg value of around 16.8 Å throughout the MD simulation time (0–100 ns). The conjugation with βCD improved the stability and decreased the mobility of all the residues (except residues 149–151) compared to FA–FRα and apo-FRα systems. Further analysis of H-bonds, binding free energy (MM-PBSA), and per residue decomposition energy revealed that besides APS81, residues HIS20, TRP102, HIS135, TRP138, TRP140, and TRP171 were shown to have more favourable energy contributions in the holo systems than in the apo-FRα system, and these residues might have a direct role in increasing the stability of holo systems.