用微柱高效液相色谱法测定烟草样品中的植物色素的研究

植物色素是烟草中的重要成分,烟叶调制过程中色素降解完全和得当,会使烟叶香气增加,色泽上等,因此研究烟草调制过程中的色素变化具有重要意义。烟草色素的测定常用分光光度法和液相色谱法,光度法准确性较差,传统的液相色谱法样品前处理较麻烦且分离时间长。和常规高效液相色谱相比,由于微柱高效液相色谱具有流动相消耗小,分析时间短,可不分流直接和质谱连用等特点,近几年来得到了迅速发展。我们研究了用WatersXterraTMRP18微柱为固定相液相色谱法测定烟草中的植物色素,烟草中的主要色素在4.0min内可达到基分离,和常规液相色谱相比大大节约了分析时间,本方法标准回收率为94％～106％,RSD为1.6％～2.8％。将其用于烟草样品中植物色素的分析,取得满意结果。     

Green synthesis of Pd truncated octahedrons using of firmiana simplex leaf extract and their catalytic study for electro‐oxidation of methanol and reduction of p‐nitrophenol

A facile and eco‐friendly biosynthetic route for preparing Pd truncated octahedrons (PdTOs) using firmiana simplex leaf extract was reported without any chemical reducing agents. The information of reducing components, reduction process and time were obtained by ATR‐FTIR imaging, FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy, respectively. TEM image revealed that more than 75% of PdNPs were composed of PdTOs with an average diameter of 9.2 nm. HR‐TEM analysis demonstrated that a single PdTO consisted of the mix of {100} and {111} crystal planes. SAED and XRD pattern confirmed the well crystalline nature of fcc structured PdTOs. The model reactions of electro‐oxidation of methanol and reduction of p‐nitrophenol (p‐NP) were adopted to explore the effects of structure and size of PdNPs on the catalytic properties. In the electro‐oxidation of methanol, the forward‐scan peak current density (If) of PdTOs was 10.05 mA cm‐2, 6.3 times and 1.9 times of PdNPs‐0 and PdNPs‐4:1, illustrating its superior electro‐catalytic property to that of spherical PdNPs. In the p‐NP reduction reaction, the apparent rate constant (Ka) over PdTOs was 0.358 min‐1, higher than spherical PdNPs‐0 (0.08 min‐1) with the similar particle size and lower than the same spherical PdNPs‐4:1 (0.562 min‐1) and commercial Pd/C (0.415 min‐1), which all about half the size of PdTOs. It has been demonstrated that electro‐chemical oxidation of methanol was a structure‐sensitive reaction, while the reduction of p‐NP was mainly dependent on the particle size of PdNPs.     

Extraction and characterization of cellulose single fiber from native Ethiopian Serte (Dracaena steudneri Egler) plant leaf

Biomaterials are renewable sources which are widely distributed, locally accessible, high possibility of recycling and biodegradation behavior. This investigation deals with the extraction and characterizing of new fiber obtained from Serte plant leaf that is found in Ethiopia. The physical, chemical and mechanical characters of the fiber had been tested and comparison with other plant fibers was done for the first time. Optimization of fiber extraction process has been done by varying the extraction variables like NaOH concentration, temperature and extraction time. Fibers possessing 56% cellulose content along with significant amount of hemicellulose, lignin and ash with tensile strength of 330?MPa were obtained. FTIR as well as X-ray diffraction analysis were also done to further analyze the fiber. This new plant leaf fiber can be another alternative resource in place of synthetic fibers depending on their application such as reinforcing polymer matrices.     

一种简便的原位测定红树叶片表面菲的荧光分析方法

采用自行设计的多用途荧光比色皿,建立了一种秋茄(Kandelia obovata,Ko),桐花树(Aegiceras comiculatum,Ac)和白骨壤(Avicennia marina,Am)叶片表面菲(Phenanthrene,Phen)简便的原位测定方法,本方法测定Ko,Ac和Am表面Phen的线性范围分别为6.5 ～ 1200 ng/spot,18.5～600 ng/spot和3.2～700 ng/spot,检出限分别为0.6,0.7和1.3 ng/spot,加标回收率分别为92.4％～101.0％、94.8％～108.2％和93.8％～103.6％,相对标准偏差小于6.5％.本方法的检出限和相对标准偏差均优于固体表面光纤荧光法(Solid surface optical fiber fluorimetry,SSF),线性范围与SSF法处于同一数量级.本方法与SSF法测得的红树叶片表面Phen的浓度并无显著差异(p＞0.05),但本方法极大地简化了操作,提高了重现性.     

Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst with high reusability for synthesis of 1,2‐dihydroquinoline derivatives

Nano materials find wide applications due to their behavior at nano scale. TiO₂ nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) was synthesized using Neem leaf extract. This is simple, rapid, eco‐friendly, cheaper and green tools for TiO₂ NPs synthesis using agricultural waste at lower applied temperature. Characterization of the extracted TiO₂ NPs was confirmed by XRD, SEM, EDAX, TEM, HR‐TEM, SAED, and FT‐IR, respectively. The catalytic activity of TiO₂ NPs was investigated in synthesis of 1,2‐dihydroquinoline derivatives with excellent yields and low cost. Purification of the synthesized 1,2‐dihydroquinoline derivatives carried out by easy work‐up of non‐chromatographic methods.     

Simultaneous determination of dimethoate and its metabolite omethoate in curry leaf using LC-MS/MS and risk assessment

This study presents the method development, validation, and simultaneous determination of dimethoate and its metabolite omethoate in curry leaf. Samples were extracted following modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction protocol and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of quantification in the matrix was 0.005 μg g⁻¹ for dimethoate and omethoate. Extraction using acetonitrile recorded the average recoveries in the range of 82.25 to 112.97% for dimethoate and 85.57 to 107.22% for omethoate at 0.005, 0.025 and 0.050 μg g⁻¹ fortification levels and relative standard deviation less than 5%. Similarly, the relative standard deviation values for intraday (Repeatability) and interday (Reproducibility) tests were less than 15%. Dissipation kinetics of dimethoate 30% emulsifiable concentrate at 200 and 400 g a.i h⁻¹ recorded initial deposits of 5.20 and 10.05 μg g⁻¹ and 0.33 and 0.48 μg g⁻¹ for dimethoate and omethoate, respectively, and half-life of 3.07 and 3.34 days. The estimated hazard index value found more than one at a day after dimethoate application. It is not safe for consumer health to use curry leaves in the initial days after application.     

A STRUCTURALLY BASED ANALYTIC MODEL OF GROWTH AND BIOMASS DYNAMICS IN SINGLE SPECIES STANDS OF CONIFERS

A theoretically based analytic model of plant growth in single species conifer communities based on the species fully occupying a site and fully using the site resources is introduced. Model derivations result in a single equation simultaneously describes changes over both, different site conditions (or resources available), and over time for each variable for each species. Leaf area or biomass, or a related plant community measurement, such as site class, can be used as an indicator of available site resources. Relationships over time (years) are determined by the interaction between a stable foliage biomass in balance with site resources, and by the increase in the total heterotrophic biomass of the stand with increasing tree size. This structurally based, analytic model describes the relationships between plant growth and each species’ functional depth for foliage, its mature crown size, and stand dynamics, including the self‐thinning. Stand table data for seven conifer species are used for verification of the model. Results closely duplicate those data for each variable and species. Assumptions used provide a basis for interpreting variations within and between the species. Better understanding of the relationships between the MacArthur consumer resource model, the Chapman–Richards growth functions, the metabolic theory of ecology, and stand development resulted.     

非完全消化-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定杜仲叶中的微量元素

用非完全消化法处理杜仲叶,在低温下用浓硝酸消解样品,加入乳化剂Triton X-100(OP)溶解消化过程中所产生的油脂,获得均匀的样品乳浊液,取适量的乳浊液制成试液,用火焰原子吸收光谱法快速测定了样品中的微量元素,并对检出限、加标回收率进行了测定。结果表明,相对标准偏差小于2.1%,测定结果与灰化法一致,且相对误差小于±1.8%。用非完全消化法结合火焰原子吸收光谱法对杜仲叶进行预处理取代灰化法是可行的,且方法简便、准确。