Combinatorial synthesis and characterization of a ternary epitaxial film of Co and Mn doped Ge (0 0 1)

We report combinatorial molecular beam epitaxy synthesis and properties of a ternary epitaxial film of Co and Mn co-doped Ge grown on Ge (0 0 1) substrate. Structural effects were examined in situ by reflection high-energy electron diffraction and ex situ by microbeam X-ray diffraction techniques, and magnetic properties were probed by using magnetooptic Kerr effect. Ternary epitaxial phase diagrams have been studied for total doping concentrations up to 30 at.%, where regions of coherent epitaxy and rough disordered growth and those of near room temperature ferromagnetic ordering have been identified.     

Group extensions and free actions by finite groups on solvmanifolds

The purpose of this paper is to generalize Yalçin's result [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 352 , 2689–2700 (2000)] from tori to solvmanifolds. As a result, we prove that if (?_p)^r acts freely on a solvmanifold M of dimension n, then r ≤ n (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Spectrum of a homogeneous graph

We describe the spectrum of the Laplacian for a homogeneous graph acted on by a discrete group. This follows from a more general result which describes the spectrum of a convolution operator on a homogeneous space of a locally compact group. We also prove a version of Harnack inequality for a Schrödinger operator on an invariant homogeneous graph.     

Electrochemistry of redox-active Group 15/16 heterocyles

This review is a critical overview of the literature on electrochemistry of unsaturated ring-compounds containing bonds between Group 15 and Group 16 elements (principally S and N), including metallacycles. It contains a detailed compilation of measured redox potentials and the conditions under which these were obtained for over 200 compounds. An introduction to the application of solution electrochemistry to this class of compounds is provided, and the relevance of such measurements to materials design is discussed.     

Large subdirect product of modules as direct summand of their direct product

Abstract

The Zappa-Szép product of a pair of groups generalizes the semidirect product in that neither factor is assumed to be normal in the result. We extend the applicability of the Zappa-Szép product to multiplicative structures more general than groups with emphasis on categories and monoids. We also explore the preservation of various properties of the multiplication under the Zappa-Szép product.     

Extending Sets of Idempotents to Ring Extensions

In this paper the idea of an intrinsic extension of a ring, first proposed by Faith and Utumi, is generalized and studied in its own right. For these types of ring extensions, it is shown that, with relatively mild conditions on the base ring, R, a complete set of primitive idempotents (a complete set of left triangulating idempotents, a complete set of centrally primitive idempotents) can be constructed for an intrinsic extension, T, from a corresponding set in the base ring R. Examples and applications are given for rings that occur in functional analysis and group ring theory.     

中外零售商中国市场互动关系的演化博弈分析——以大商与沃尔玛为例

在经济全球化大背景下,中外零售企业长期共存、共同发展的局面将会是中国零售市场的现实状况.对中外零售商的互动博弈进行深入剖析,将有助于更好地把握中外零售商的竞争态势,制定促进本土零售商持续发展的合理战略.基于演化博弈论构建模型,并以大商集团和沃尔玛为例,尝试性地对中外零售商之间的互动关系进行了分析,从而得出结论:中外零售商之间存在着较为复杂的互动关系,双方是合作还是竞争取决于市场环境、合作成本、合作收益以及各自的发展战略等多方面因素.     

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE DEPENDENCE OF THE INTERNAL ENERGY CONTRIBUTION IN RUBBER ELASTICITY

Conformational elasticity theory recently developed has been used to explore the internal energy contribution tothe elastic force f_e/f as a function of strain for poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) and poly(trans-1, 4-isoprene). Calculated f_e/f values arein good agreement with those obtained experimentally. Results show that behavior of f_e/f is mainly contributed by chemicalstructure, or intramolecular interaction, supporting the experimental observations, and that the internal energy contribution isstrain dependent.     

Perturbation method for determining the group of invariance of hierarchical models

We propose a perturbation method for determining the (largest) group of invariance of a toric ideal defined in [S. Aoki, A. Takemura, The largest group of invariance for Markov bases and toric ideals, J. Symbolic Comput. 43 (5) (2008) 342–358]. In the perturbation method, we investigate how a generic element in the row space of the configuration defining a toric ideal is mapped by a permutation of the indeterminates. Compared to the proof by Aoki and Takemura which was based on stabilizers of a subset of indeterminates, the perturbation method gives a much simpler proof of the group of invariance. In particular, we determine the group of invariance for a general hierarchical model of contingency tables in statistics, under the assumption that the numbers of the levels of the factors are generic. We prove that it is a wreath product indexed by a poset related to the intersection poset of the maximal interaction effects of the model.