Silver nanoparticles and silver ions stabilized in NaCl nanocrystals

This study presents a two-step synthesis of nanoparticles and the stabilization process of Ag ions in the matrix of NaCl nanocrystals. Ag⁺ ions are incorporated to NaCl with a new and attractive method that can be easily used for the different types of alkaline halides. The nanoparticles with predominant size found between 10 and 15 nm were stabilized on the surface and/or interior of NaCl nanocrystals using, in the first stages, the ionic-exchange property of zeolite A4. The optical properties of the materials were characterized through optical absorption, leading to well defined absorption bands located in the wave length values between 217–275 nm and 350–770 nm approximately, for Ag⁺ and AgNp, respectively. The antibacterial property of Ag ions and nanoparticles stabilized in NaCl was analyzed against gram-negative Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella bacteria. In order to quantify the antibacterial effect of Ag ions and nanoparticles the inhibition ratio was used as a parameter on the bacteria colonies grown in culture medium by conventional methods. Ag⁺ ions that were stabilized in NaCl nanocrystals show a mayor inhibition ratio in contact with Klebsiella bacteria, conversely Ag nanoparticles showed better results in contact with E. coli.     

Analysis of Protein Moiety of Polysaccharide Conjugates Water-extracted from Low Grade Green Tea

Tea polysaccharide conjugates(TPCs) were water-extracted and purified from low-grade green tea. Although TPC contains 1.97% covalent binding proteins, Coomassie brilliant blue G250 and R250 could not detect this protein. The "should-shape" absorption peak observed at 250-280 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum was caused by quinone compounds derived from polyphenol oxidation during TPC extraction. The UV-Vis spectrum could be used to detect the decolorizing degree of TPC. TPC aqueous solution merely presented the negative charge properties of its polysaccharides instead of the acid-base property of its protein section, and exhibited higher stability at pH greater than 5.0. No precipitation or haze occurred in three TPC/epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG) aqueous mixtures during 12 h storage. TPC had emulsifying activity, which indicated that its protein moiety formed hydrophobic groups. It is proposed that some of the physicochemical properties of the TPC protein moiety are shielded by its polysaccharide chain.     

An efficient Fe(III)-catalyzed 1,6-conjugate addition of para-quinone methides with fluorinated silyl enol ethers toward β,β-diaryl α-fluorinated ketones

Reported here is a highly efficient 1,6-conjugate addition of fluorinated silyl enol ethers to para-quinone methides, allowing facile access to a range of β,β-diaryl α-fluorinated ketones with good to high yields. Fe(OTf)₃ was identified as the optimal catalyst, with the loading of 3?mol%. Notably, this represent the first 1,6-conjugate addition with fluorinated silyl enol ethers. The synthetic potential of the resulting adducts is also demonstrated.     

Basic principles,recent trends and future directions of microextraction techniques for the analysis of aqueous environmental samples

Microextraction-based sample preparation techniques have exhibited remarkable importance in analytical chemistry since they were first developed in the 1980s. The application of these techniques involves efficient and, at the same time, environmentally-friendly analytical methodologies. They are also generally faster when compared with classical sample preparation techniques, requiring low solvent and sample volumes, and also allowing for automated or semi-automated procedures. This paper provides an overview of the basic principles of sample preparation techniques and the important applications and developments that have taken place in this area over the past five years. These procedures include solid-phase microextraction (SPME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), bar adsorptive microextraction (BAμE), rotating disk sorptive extraction (RDSE), micro solid-phase extraction (μ-SPE) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME). The main variations are discussed with a focus on recent applications in the analysis of environmental water samples. Lastly, some of the trends and perspectives associated with these outstanding microextraction sample preparation approaches are highlighted.     

HZSM-5分子筛催化合成乙酰水杨酸——推荐一个半微量有机化学实验

设计了一个以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料,以HZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,在室温或加热条件下高效合成乙酰水杨酸的半微量有机化学实验。与经典实验方法相比,新实验具有反应易于操作、产率高、污染小等优点,更符合绿色化学教学理念。     

聚焦变革中的催化——始终基于解决重大经济社会需求的催化工程问题（英文）

催化是化学工业中最重要和最普遍的跨学科技术,也是具有重要社会影响的学科之一,是一门基于应用、注重实践、与化学工程息息相关的学科.应用、实践是催化的根本,也是其生命力所在,其发展轨迹与人类的历史进程密不可分.从20世纪初Mittasch贡献的高效Fe基催化剂为氮基化肥的大规模推广奠定了基础,到60年代,分子筛裂化催化剂使汽油收率和辛烷值大幅提升,为交通运输业的大力发展奠定了能源基础,推动了交通运输业的革命.从齐格勒和纳塔TiCl_4-AlEt_3体系催化乙烯、丙烯、丁烯等在低压下高收率地聚合,生成分子结构高度规整的立体定向聚合物——聚烯烃,到汽车排气管中的Pt-Rh-Pd三效催化剂,可以通过氧化和还原反应,把废气中的烃类物质和CO转化为水和CO_2,同时把环境危害大的NO_x分解成无害的N_2和O_2,等等.这些催化的印记推动了产业变革和社会进步.可以说,无处不在的催化支撑了人类社会的发展.近年有些突破也发生在我国,使我们更加感受到催化的力量.催化科学与技术是极其复杂的.一方面表现在表面科学的知识和催化反应的物理化学现象建模,材料科学和无机化学以制备合适的纳米结构催化剂;另一方面表现在催化剂成型、反应动力学评价和催化过程建模.这两个方面均涉及原料多样性、催化材料多变性、化工工艺适应性、宏量制备放大效应,以及本征与表观性能关联等复杂问题.但是这些复杂性问题与催化发展的根本相比,或者说,与催化发展的核心驱动力相比,很显然,催化解决重大经济社会问题更应引起关注,这是催化的使命所在.目前,我国催化基础研究走在了世界前列,已经取得了重大突破,李灿等成功组织举办了第16届国际催化大会,包信和、孙予罕等科学家的一系列重大催化基础研究成果在Science、Nature等期刊上发表,李灿、包信和等多名科学家被国际催化相关学术组织颁发荣誉称号,张涛等人一系列重大成果被评为重要进展.与此同时,我国在煤制烃、油品质量升级以及绿色化工等能源化工催化方面取得了重大的工业化成果.这些走在世界前列的重大催化工业化成果驱动了我国经济社会发展.本文试图总结这些重大工业化催化成果,并基于经济社会发展提炼相关催化问题,探讨发展方向、路径与对策.     

Tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane (THAM): An efficient organocatalyst in diversity-oriented and environmentally benign synthesis of spirochromenes

Tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane has been demonstrated to be an efficient organocatalyst in diversity-oriented synthesis of medicinally prevalent spirochromenes by one-pot, three-component reactions between isatins, malononitrile, and enolizable CH acids like dimedone, 4-hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxy-N-methylquinolin-2-one, or in situ generated 2-methylpyrazolon-2-one. Biodegradability and extremely low cost of the catalyst are the noteworthy features of this chromatography-free protocol.     

tert-Butyl nitrite induced radical dimerization of primary thioamides and selenoamides at room temperature

A simple and efficient method for the dimerization of primary thioamides into 1,2,4-thiadiazoles using tert-butyl nitrite is described. The optimized condition was also found to be suitable for the dimerization of benzoselenoamides into 1,2,4-selenadiazoles. All the reactions proceed smoothly at room temperature and gave the desired products in excellent yields in a short span of time.     

绿色催化二氧化碳、炔丙醇和亲核试剂的三组分反应

近些年来,将CO₂转化为高附加值化学品受到广泛关注。其中,CO₂、炔丙醇和亲核试剂的三组分反应可用于制备用途广泛的羰基化合物,该方法具有步骤经济性、原子经济性等优点。由于CO₂分子具有热力学稳定性和动力学惰性,多数CO₂参与的化学反应在热力学上不支持。然而,CO₂、炔丙醇和双亲核试剂三组分反应是热力学有利的CO₂转化反应,实现了邻二醇或氨基醇和CO₂到环状碳酸酯以及2-噁唑啉酮的高效转化。本综述旨在于总结并讨论近年来CO₂、炔丙醇和亲核试剂三组分反应制备多种羰基化学物的主要进展。