浙江种子植物新资料（Ⅲ）

作为浙江种子植物区系资料的补充,报道了在植物标本采集和鉴定过程中,发现的一些浙江地理分布新记录．共有11种1变种,它们是：毛茛科 Ranunculaceae的小蓑衣藤Clematis gouriana ;卫矛科Celastraceae的短刺刺果卫矛Euonymus acanthocar pus vat．lushanensis和小南蛇藤Celastrus cuneatus;葡萄科Vitaceae的羽叶蛇葡萄Ampelopsis chaf fanjoni;堇菜科Violaceae的斑叶堇菜Viola variegata;瑞香科Thymelaeaceae的安徽荛花Wikstroemia anhuiensis;玄参科Scrophulariaceae的林地通泉草Mazus saltuarius;菊科Compositae的三脉兔儿风Ainsliaea trinervis;莎草科Cyperaceae的隐匿薹草Carex in fossa、三阳薹草C．duvaliana、少囊薹草C．egena和阿里山薹草C．arisanensis．     

A Novel qNMR Application for the Quantification of Vegetable Oils Used as Adulterants in Essential Oils

Essential oils (EOs) are more and more frequently adulterated due to their wide usage and large profit, for this reason accurate and precise authentication techniques are essential. This work aims at the application of qNMR as a versatile tool for the quantification of vegetable oils potentially usable as adulterants or diluents in EOs. This approach is based on the quantification of both ¹H and ¹³C glycerol backbone signals, which are actually present in each vegetable oil containing triglycerides. For the validation, binary mixtures of rosemary EO and corn oil (0.8–50%) were prepared. To verify the general feasibility of this technique, other different mixtures including lavender, citronella, orange and peanut, almond, sunflower, and soy seed oils were analyzed. The results showed that the efficacy of this approach does not depend on the specific combination of EO and vegetable oil, ensuring its versatility. The method was able to determine the adulterant, with a mean accuracy of 91.81 and 89.77% for calculations made on ¹H and ¹³C spectra, respectively. The high precision and accuracy here observed, make ¹H-qNMR competitive with other well-established techniques. Considering the current importance of quality control of EOs to avoid fraudulent practices, this work can be considered pioneering and promising.     

化学溶液法制备涂层导体过渡层La2Zr2O7厚膜的研究

为制备高质量的双轴织构La2Zr2O7(LZO)涂层导体过渡层,本文采用化学溶液法(Chemical solution deposition,简称CSD法),以乙酰丙酮镧和乙酰丙酮锆为溶质,丙酸为溶剂配制成前驱盐溶液,在立方织构的Ni-5 at;W基底上用快速一步法退火工艺制备了LZO种子层及双层LZO厚膜.SEM观察种子层呈岛状均匀排列,符合种子层形貌特点.XRD结果显示0.06 mol/L浓度种子层上制备的LZO厚膜具有很强的双轴立方织构,其中(222)面Phi扫描和(400)面摇摆曲线半高宽值分别为6.37°和5.82°.SEM观察发现120 nm厚的LZO薄膜表面平整,无裂纹,为后续沉积YBCO提供了很好的模板.     

葫芦脲用作固相微萃取涂层新材料

本文对葫芦脲(CB)作为一种新型固相微萃取(SPME)涂层材料进行了研究并用于中药白豆蔻的气相色谱分析测定.本文采用的CB SPME涂层制备方法简便、快速,并具有良好的热稳定性和重复性.CB[6]SPME萃取得到的主要成分与水蒸气蒸馏（SD）法基本一致,并且CB[6]SPME对色谱后流出的目标成分的相对峰面积比明显高于SD法和商品SPME萃取材料PDMS/CAR和PDMS/DVB,这可能是由于葫芦脲的特殊分子结构及其与组分分子间选择性作用所致.葫芦脲作为一种新型SPME涂层材料具有很大的研究潜力和应用前景.     

籽晶尺寸对宝石级金刚石单晶生长的影响

本文在国产六面顶压机上,在5.6 GPa, 1250—1450℃的高压高温条件下,分别选用边长0.8, 1.5和2.2 mm三种尺寸的籽晶,系统开展了Ib型宝石级金刚石单晶的生长研究.文中系统考察了籽晶尺寸对宝石级金刚石单晶生长的影响.首先,考察了籽晶尺寸变化对宝石级金刚石单晶裂晶问题带来的影响.研究得到了籽晶尺寸变大,裂晶出现概率增加的晶体生长规律.其次,在25 h的生长时间内,考察了上述三种尺寸籽晶生长金刚石单晶时,生长时间与单晶极限生长速度的关系.得到了选用大尺寸籽晶,可以提高优质单晶合成效率、降低合成成本的研究结论.借助扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜,对三种尺寸籽晶生长金刚石单晶的表面形貌进行了标定.最后,傅里叶微区红外测试,对三种尺寸籽晶生长宝石级金刚石单晶的N杂质含量进行了表征.研究得到了选用大尺寸籽晶实现快速生长金刚石的同时,晶体的N杂质含量会随之升高的晶体生长规律.     

Phenomenological modeling and intensification of texturing/grinding-assisted solvent oil extraction: case of date seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and Dynamic Maceration (DM) were used with n-hexane to study the extraction of oil from date seed powders with different particle sizes. The intensification was studied with instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) as texturing pretreatment. DM yields increased from 4.57% to 10.49 ± 0.05% dry–dry basis (ddb) when particle size decreased from 1.4 to 0.2 mm. For coarsely grounded seed powder, ASE oil yields were 11.35 ± 0.05% ddb and 14.15% ddb for untreated and DIC date-seeds, respectively. Optimized DIC pretreatment allowed the smallest particle size powder to get 15.2 ± 0.05% ddb as ASE yields, while the 2-h DM yields increased from 4.67 to 11.62 ± 0.05% ddb for particle size decreased from 1.4 to 0.2 mm, respectively. Fundamental analysis of various powders was achieved through washing–diffusion phenomenological model. DIC texturing implied higher washing stage, with relative starting accessibility %δY_s of 70% against 55% for untreated particles. Consequently, the diffusion stage time was dramatically reduced, without great modification of effective diffusivity D_eff value. Therefore, DIC ground seeds greatly enhanced the mass transfer mechanism. The evaluation of starting accessibility δY_s enables to establish an empirical relationship between δY_s and particle diameter δY_s = f(D). Finally, DIC texturing did not imply any modification of the lipid profile.     

Bengal gram seed husk as an adsorbent for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions – Column studies

A continuous fixed bed (column) study was carried out by using seed husk of Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum) (SHBG) as a biosorbent for the removal of direct dye, Congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. The effects of important factors, such as the value of initial pH, the flow rate, the influent concentration of CR, bed depth, particle size of SHBG, foreign ions and regeneration of CR were studied. The effect of similar type of direct dyes like direct turquoise blue 86 (DTB) and direct black 38 (DB) on the adsorption of CR in column containing SHBG is also studied by keeping other parameters constant. The studies confirmed that the breakthrough curves were dependent on flow rate, initial dye concentration, size of SHBG, initial pH of solution of CR and bed depth. The bed depth service time analysis (BDST) model was applied at different bed depths to predict the breakthrough curves. The model is found suitable for describing the biosorption process of the dynamic behaviour of the SHBG column and the data were in good agreement with BDST model. When the flow rate was 0.67 mL/min and the influent concentration of CR was mg L⁻¹, the column capacity was 6.572 mg g⁻¹. The removal capacity of SHBG was more in case of CR (6.572 mg g⁻¹) compared to other similar direct dyes of DTB (1.984 mg g⁻¹) and DB (1.612 mg g⁻¹). The removal of CR was enhanced in the presence of foreign ion potassium (8.308 mg g⁻¹) and decreased in the presence of calcium (5.58 mg g⁻¹). 120 ml of acetone is required for the completion of regeneration of the column and the total amount of CR recovered in this case. All the results suggested SHBG as a potential adsorbent for removal of CR from aqueous solution so that the rate of bio-sorption process is rapid.     

Preparative and scaled‐up separation of high‐purity α‐linolenic acid from perilla seed oil by conventional and pH‐zone refining counter current chromatography

α‐Linolenic acid is an essential omega‐3 fatty acid needed for human health. However, the isolation of high‐purity α‐linolenic acid from plant resources is challenging. The preparative separation methods of α‐linolenic acid by both conventional and pH‐zone refining counter current chromatography were firstly established in this work. The successful separation of α‐linolenic acid by conventional counter current chromatography was achieved by the optimized solvent system n‐heptane/methanol/ water/acetic acid (10:9:1:0.04, v/v), producing 466 mg of 98.98% α‐linolenic acid from 900 mg free fatty acid sample prepared from perilla seed oil with linoleic acid and oleic acid as by‐products. The scaled‐up separation in 45× is efficient without loss of resolution and extension of separation time. The separation of α‐linolenic acid by pH‐zone refining counter current chromatography was also satisfactory by the solvent system n‐hexane/methanol/water (10:5:5, v/v) and the optimized concentration of trifluoroacetic acid 30 mM and NH₄OH 10 mM. The separation can be scaled up in 180× producing 9676.7 mg of 92.79% α‐linolenic acid from 18 000 mg free fatty acid sample. pH‐zone refining counter current chromatography exhibits a great advantage over conventional counter current chromatography with 20× sample loading capacity on the same column.     

芽苗砧嫁接及在我国的研究现状与展望

芽苗砧嫁接是嫁接中的1种新型嫁接技术，它是利用尚未展叶或刚展叶的芽苗作为砧木，嫁接所需繁殖对象的1项无性繁殖新技术，具有很多独特的优点和较高的生产实用价值．到目前为止，我国主要对油茶、银杏、板栗、核桃、梅花、茶梅等植物展开过此类研究．本文主要论述了芽苗砧嫁接技术及其研究现状和应用前景．     

Novel applications for headspace gas chromatography

Summary New application areas for headspace gas chromatography in agricultural and polymer degradation research are described. Specific examples are drawn from the various forms of headspace analysis with emphasis on the automated static equilibrium method.Presented at the 32nd Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, March 9–13, 1981, Atlantic City, NJ (Paper No. 598).