籽晶垂直布里奇曼法生长大尺寸CdZnTe单晶体

采用改进的垂直布里奇曼(MVB)法并引入籽晶生长技术,成功生长出直径60mm,单晶体积超过200cm3的CdZeTe(CZT)晶锭.根据CZT 晶片在近红外(NIR)波段的透过谱,由截止波长推算Zn组分在晶片中的平均含量,进一步的拟合得出晶体生长过程Zn沿晶锭轴向分凝因数约为1.30;分析了晶片在中红外波段内的红外透过率,发现波数在2000～4000cm-1内透过率平直且较高,超过60;,而从2000cm-1到500cm-1随波数的减小透过率急速下降至零;由钝化后的Au/CZT晶片的I-V曲线,计算得到生长态CZT晶片的电阻率ρ达到1.8×109～2.6×1010Ω·cm.     

A Novel qNMR Application for the Quantification of Vegetable Oils Used as Adulterants in Essential Oils

Essential oils (EOs) are more and more frequently adulterated due to their wide usage and large profit, for this reason accurate and precise authentication techniques are essential. This work aims at the application of qNMR as a versatile tool for the quantification of vegetable oils potentially usable as adulterants or diluents in EOs. This approach is based on the quantification of both ¹H and ¹³C glycerol backbone signals, which are actually present in each vegetable oil containing triglycerides. For the validation, binary mixtures of rosemary EO and corn oil (0.8–50%) were prepared. To verify the general feasibility of this technique, other different mixtures including lavender, citronella, orange and peanut, almond, sunflower, and soy seed oils were analyzed. The results showed that the efficacy of this approach does not depend on the specific combination of EO and vegetable oil, ensuring its versatility. The method was able to determine the adulterant, with a mean accuracy of 91.81 and 89.77% for calculations made on ¹H and ¹³C spectra, respectively. The high precision and accuracy here observed, make ¹H-qNMR competitive with other well-established techniques. Considering the current importance of quality control of EOs to avoid fraudulent practices, this work can be considered pioneering and promising.     

浙江种子植物新资料（Ⅲ）

作为浙江种子植物区系资料的补充,报道了在植物标本采集和鉴定过程中,发现的一些浙江地理分布新记录．共有11种1变种,它们是：毛茛科 Ranunculaceae的小蓑衣藤Clematis gouriana ;卫矛科Celastraceae的短刺刺果卫矛Euonymus acanthocar pus vat．lushanensis和小南蛇藤Celastrus cuneatus;葡萄科Vitaceae的羽叶蛇葡萄Ampelopsis chaf fanjoni;堇菜科Violaceae的斑叶堇菜Viola variegata;瑞香科Thymelaeaceae的安徽荛花Wikstroemia anhuiensis;玄参科Scrophulariaceae的林地通泉草Mazus saltuarius;菊科Compositae的三脉兔儿风Ainsliaea trinervis;莎草科Cyperaceae的隐匿薹草Carex in fossa、三阳薹草C．duvaliana、少囊薹草C．egena和阿里山薹草C．arisanensis．     

毛细管区带电泳法测定葡萄籽中儿茶素类化合物

 采用毛细管区带电泳法测定了 10种中国产葡萄籽中的 4个主要儿茶素类化合物 :(+)儿茶素、(- )表儿茶素、(± )表没食子儿茶素、(± )表儿茶素没食子酸酯的含量。在 0 0 2mol/L硼砂和 0 0 0 5mol/L磷酸盐的混合缓冲体系 (pH 10 0 )的背景缓冲液中 ,4个化合物在 10min内取得了令人满意的分离。迁移时间的重现性(RSD)小于 2 % ,峰面积的重现性 (RSD)小于 5 %。在质量浓度为 0 0 0 5g/L～ 0 5 g/L时 ,线性相关系数大于0 995。检测限为 3mg/L～ 10mg/L。该方法简单、快速、准确 ,可作为葡萄籽分析和药用开发过程中分析儿茶素类化合物的有效方法推广使用。     

Potential perchlorate exposure from Citrus sp. irrigated with contaminated water

Citrus produced in the southwestern United States is often irrigated with perchlorate-contaminated water. This irrigation water includes Colorado River water which is contaminated with perchlorate from a manufacturing plant previously located near the Las Vegas Wash, and ground water from wells in Riverside and San Bernardino counties of California which are affected by a perchlorate plume associated with an aerospace facility once located near Redlands, California. Studies were conducted to evaluate the uptake and distribution of perchlorate in citrus irrigated with contaminated water, and estimate potential human exposure to perchlorate from the various citrus types including lemon (Citrus limon), grapefruit (Citrus paradise), and orange (Citrus sinensis) produced in the region. Perchlorate concentrations ranged from less than 2-9 μg/L for Colorado River water and from below detection to approximately 18 μg/L for water samples from wells used to irrigate citrus. Destructive sampling of lemon trees produced with Colorado River water show perchlorate concentrations larger in the leaves (1835 μg/kg dry weight (dw)) followed by the fruit (128 μg/kg dw). Mean perchlorate concentrations in roots, trunk, and branches were all less than 30 μg/kg dw. Fruit pulp analyzed in the survey show perchlorate concentrations ranged from below detection limit to 38 μg/kg fresh weight (fw), and were related to the perchlorate concentration of irrigation water. Mean hypothetical exposures (μg/person/day) of children and adults from lemons (0.005 and 0.009), grapefruit (0.03 and 0.24), and oranges (0.51 and 1.20) were estimated. These data show that potential perchlorate exposures from citrus in the southwestern United States are negligible relative to the reference dose recommended by the National Academy of Sciences.     

近红外光谱定性与定量分析技术在莲子无损检测中的应用

通过提取采后不同时期的莲子、莲仁的近红外漫反射光谱特征,以莲子的可溶性固形物(SSC)和干物质含量(DM)为指标进行定量和定性分析。利用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)分析和距离判别分析(DA)计算所得的结果表明：SSC和DM含量与莲子、莲仁的吸收光谱特征具有明显相关。莲子SSC、DM的PLSR模型在5 941～12 480 cm-1谱区综合性能较好,预测相关系数(r₁)分别为0.74和82,校正相关系数(r₂)分别为0.82和0.84,留一交互相关系数(r₃)分别为0.72和0.71。莲仁SSC的PLSR模型在7 891～9 310 cm-1谱区综合性能较好,r₁为0.79,r₂为0.84,r₃为0.77。DM的PLSR模型在全光谱的综合性能较好,r₁为0.92,r₂为0.89,r₃为0.82。莲子在5 400～7 885 cm-1谱区的判别性能较好,正确率达84.2%,而莲仁在9 226～12 480 cm-1谱区的判别性能较好,正确率达90.8%。对不同年份和有膜有芯的干莲仁进行DA判别的精度可达98.9%。研究表明近红外检测技术可用于莲子和莲仁的SSC和DM含量的定量分析及储存期的定性判别,还可对不同年份和有膜有芯的干莲仁进行判别。     

EU-1分子筛的合成及其在正己烷异构化反应中的催化性能

在不同硅铝比(nSiO₂/nAl₂O₃)的合成凝胶(含纯硅凝胶)中引入晶种,合成了纯相的EU-1分子筛。研究了铝源、模板剂和晶种添加量对EU-1分子筛的结晶度、形貌尺寸等的影响;重点研究了不同硅铝比对样品结晶度、晶粒尺寸、酸性、比表面积和孔容等的影响。将合成结果绘制成了纯相EU-1分子筛的合成条件三元图,从三元图可看出,晶种法可显著扩大纯相EU-1分子筛的合成区域。将Pt/H-EU-1用于正己烷异构化反应,结果表明,该催化剂具有优异的正己烷异构化活性及稳定性,对异构烷烃有较高的选择性。     

芽苗砧嫁接及在我国的研究现状与展望

芽苗砧嫁接是嫁接中的1种新型嫁接技术，它是利用尚未展叶或刚展叶的芽苗作为砧木，嫁接所需繁殖对象的1项无性繁殖新技术，具有很多独特的优点和较高的生产实用价值．到目前为止，我国主要对油茶、银杏、板栗、核桃、梅花、茶梅等植物展开过此类研究．本文主要论述了芽苗砧嫁接技术及其研究现状和应用前景．     

Novel applications for headspace gas chromatography

Summary New application areas for headspace gas chromatography in agricultural and polymer degradation research are described. Specific examples are drawn from the various forms of headspace analysis with emphasis on the automated static equilibrium method.Presented at the 32nd Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, March 9–13, 1981, Atlantic City, NJ (Paper No. 598).     

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Sesame Seed Shells by Microwave and Conventional Heating with Zinc Chloride Activation

The preparation of activated carbon from sesame shells as raw precursor was investigated in the study by sequentially applying microwave and conventional heating methods assisted by zinc chloride activation. The optimizisation of experimental parameters including microwave power, microwave treatment time, conventional activation time, conventional activation temperature and zinc chloride concentration ratio for the microwave and conventional heating method was performed. The characterization of the prepared activated carbon was done by thermogravimetric and differential thermal measurements, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and specific surface area analyses. The maximum surface area of 1254?m²/g for the prepared activated carbon was obtained at a microwave power of 750?W, a microwave treatment time of 20?min, an activation time of 45?min, an activation temperature of 500°C and zinc chloride concentration ratio of 1:1. Methylene blue and iodine adsorption capacities for the prepared activated carbon were 103 and 1199?mg/g, respectively.