Effect of zinc soaps of rubber seed oil (RSO) and/or epoxidised rubber seed oil (ERSO) on the thermal stability of PVC plastigels

Zinc soaps of rubber seed oil (RSO) and epoxidised rubber seed oil (ERSO) were prepared and their use as PVC stabilizers investigated. Characterization of Zn soaps of RSO prepared by different techniques and ERSO gave information on the purity, structure and thermal behaviour of these materials. From the analysis, the production of these materials for use in thermal stabilization of PVC would be optimized as their use greatly enhanced the stability of PVC as obtained from the conductivity measurements using the 763 PVC Thermomat. The minimum amount of HCl release was obtained for the samples with Zn soaps and ERSO indicating a synergistic effect. Zn soaps having Zn(OH)₂ stabilized PVC better than pure Zn soaps.     

Cyclic voltammetry study of silver seed layers on p-silicon (100) substrates

The anodic stripping behavior of the Ag seed layers on a p-silicon (100) wafer was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The seed layers were prepared by immersing the silicon wafer in a solution of 0.005 M AgNO₃+0.06 M HF at room temperature. Then the layer adhered wafers were used as the work electrodes. The oxidation energy of the Ag monolayer based on the Si-Ag combination was observed and the oxidation energy of the Ag multilayer based on the Ag-Ag combination was also found.     

Organic mass spectrometry in archaeology: evidence for Brassicaceae seed oil in Egyptian ceramic lamps

An analytical procedure based on alkaline hydrolysis and silylation followed by GC/MS analysis was employed to study the formation of characteristic acidic compounds and the development of a distinctive chromatographic pattern in the course of accelerated ageing tests on Brassicaceae seed oil. On the basis of mass spectra of trimethylsilyl derivatives, the main degradation products were identified as alpha,omega-dicarboxylic, omega-hydroxycarboxylic and dihydroxycarboxylic acids, including 11,12-dihydroxyeicosanoic acid and 13,14-dihydroxydocosanoic acid. The mass spectra of both these compounds are characterised by fragment ions arising from the alpha cleavage of the bond between the two vicinal trimethylsiloxy groups, resulting in fragments at m/z 215 and 345 for 11,12-dihydroxyeicosanoic acid, and at m/z 215 and 373 for 13,14-dihydroxydocosanoic acid. Other significant fragment ion-radicals from rearrangement process at m/z [M - 90](+*), [M - 142](+*), 204 as well as fragment ions at m/z [M - 15](+), [M - 105](+), 217 are present in the mass spectra of both the compounds. The results obtained for reference materials were compared with those relating to archaeological organic materials recovered in Egyptian pottery lamps. The occurrence of the same characteristic degradation products found in the reference materials subjected to accelerated ageing indicates an unambiguous origin for the organic archaeological remains and represents the chemical evidence for the use of oil from seeds of Brassicaceae as illuminant.     

微波种子聚合制备单分散PMMA高分子微球

在微波辐照下，分别用过硫酸钾和偶氮二异丁基脒酸盐引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯的无皂种子聚合，在种子用量较多的情况下，聚合主要位于粒子的表面，体系中没有新的粒子形成，制得粒子大小可控的、均分散的无皂高分子微球；而体系中种子较少时，种子粒径增加，同时有新的粒子产生，粒子分为大、小两种。这为研究微球形成机理提供了信息。     

近红外光谱定性与定量分析技术在莲子无损检测中的应用

通过提取采后不同时期的莲子、莲仁的近红外漫反射光谱特征,以莲子的可溶性固形物(SSC)和干物质含量(DM)为指标进行定量和定性分析。利用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)分析和距离判别分析(DA)计算所得的结果表明：SSC和DM含量与莲子、莲仁的吸收光谱特征具有明显相关。莲子SSC、DM的PLSR模型在5 941～12 480 cm-1谱区综合性能较好,预测相关系数(r₁)分别为0.74和82,校正相关系数(r₂)分别为0.82和0.84,留一交互相关系数(r₃)分别为0.72和0.71。莲仁SSC的PLSR模型在7 891～9 310 cm-1谱区综合性能较好,r₁为0.79,r₂为0.84,r₃为0.77。DM的PLSR模型在全光谱的综合性能较好,r₁为0.92,r₂为0.89,r₃为0.82。莲子在5 400～7 885 cm-1谱区的判别性能较好,正确率达84.2%,而莲仁在9 226～12 480 cm-1谱区的判别性能较好,正确率达90.8%。对不同年份和有膜有芯的干莲仁进行DA判别的精度可达98.9%。研究表明近红外检测技术可用于莲子和莲仁的SSC和DM含量的定量分析及储存期的定性判别,还可对不同年份和有膜有芯的干莲仁进行判别。     

黄酮化合物的偶氮显色反应及其应用研究

在pH 10 4的NH4Cl NH3 ·H2 O缓冲溶液中 ,对磺基氯化重氮苯可与芦丁 ,桑色素 ,染料木甙 ,槲皮素 ,橙皮甙 ,黄岑甙和大豆甙等 7种黄酮化合物发生偶氮显色反应 ,反应产物的最大吸收波长 ,除黄岑甙为 380nm外 ,其余均在 4 30nm ,显色反应的灵敏度依上述顺序逐渐减弱。其中芦丁的摩尔吸收光系数最大 ,为 3 2 8× 10 4L·mol-1·cm-1,大豆甙摩尔吸光系数最小 ,为 8 30× 10 2 L·mol-1·cm-1。提出的分光光度分析方法 ,用于槐米和豆粕中黄酮化合物的测定 ,RSD为 0 2 5 %～ 4 4 8% ,回收率在 99 3%～ 10 5 0 %之间     

连续偏振光谱的稻种发芽率检测方法研究

针对目前传统稻种发芽率检测方法周期长、精度低的问题,提出新颖的基于连续偏振光谱技术实现稻种发芽率快速、无损检测的方法。以不同老化天数稻种为检测目标,10 min为检测时间点,使用起偏器将光纤准直光源调制成线偏振光垂直入射稻种浸出液,而后以5°为间隔旋转检偏器,并通过光纤光谱仪检测透射的光谱,对检测的偏振光谱通过归一化预处理后,根据不同发芽率稻种检测时偏振角及波长的贡献给出特征偏振角和特征波长,特征偏振角为0°,5°和25°,特征波长为576,620和788 nm,将获取的连续偏振光谱以特征偏振角和特征波长处的透射率为输入,构建稻种发芽率检测模型。分别比较运用偏最小二乘法回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)、BP神经网络(back propagation neural network,BPNN)、径向基神经网络(radial basis function neural network,RBFNN)三种建模方法建立稻种发芽率检测模型。分别用老化天数为0,2,4,6 d的稻种,在不同的偏振角共测量1 520组实验数据,其中912组数据作为校正集,608组数据作为预测集,建模结果表明三种模型预测精度较高,其中RBFNN模型预测精度最高,其相关系数r为0.976,均方误差RMSE为0.785,平均相对误差MRE为0.85%。表明利用连续偏振光谱技术通过多维度光谱信息能够有效实现稻种发芽率的快速、准确检测。     

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon produced from pomegranate seeds by ZnCl2 activation

In this study, pomegranate seeds, a by-product of fruit juice industry, were used as precursor for the preparation of activated carbon by chemical activation with ZnCl₂. The influence of process variables such as the carbonization temperature and the impregnation ratio on textural and chemical-surface properties of the activated carbons was studied. When using the 2.0 impregnation ratio at the carbonization temperature of 600 °C, the specific surface area of the resultant carbon is as high as 978.8 m² g⁻¹. The results showed that the surface area and total pore volume of the activated carbons at the lowest impregnation ratio and the carbonization temperature were achieved as high as 709.4 m² g⁻¹ and 0.329 cm³ g⁻¹. The surface area was strongly influenced by the impregnation ratio of activation reagent and the subsequent carbonization temperature.     

浙江种子植物新资料（Ⅲ）

作为浙江种子植物区系资料的补充,报道了在植物标本采集和鉴定过程中,发现的一些浙江地理分布新记录．共有11种1变种,它们是：毛茛科 Ranunculaceae的小蓑衣藤Clematis gouriana ;卫矛科Celastraceae的短刺刺果卫矛Euonymus acanthocar pus vat．lushanensis和小南蛇藤Celastrus cuneatus;葡萄科Vitaceae的羽叶蛇葡萄Ampelopsis chaf fanjoni;堇菜科Violaceae的斑叶堇菜Viola variegata;瑞香科Thymelaeaceae的安徽荛花Wikstroemia anhuiensis;玄参科Scrophulariaceae的林地通泉草Mazus saltuarius;菊科Compositae的三脉兔儿风Ainsliaea trinervis;莎草科Cyperaceae的隐匿薹草Carex in fossa、三阳薹草C．duvaliana、少囊薹草C．egena和阿里山薹草C．arisanensis．     

A Novel qNMR Application for the Quantification of Vegetable Oils Used as Adulterants in Essential Oils

Essential oils (EOs) are more and more frequently adulterated due to their wide usage and large profit, for this reason accurate and precise authentication techniques are essential. This work aims at the application of qNMR as a versatile tool for the quantification of vegetable oils potentially usable as adulterants or diluents in EOs. This approach is based on the quantification of both ¹H and ¹³C glycerol backbone signals, which are actually present in each vegetable oil containing triglycerides. For the validation, binary mixtures of rosemary EO and corn oil (0.8–50%) were prepared. To verify the general feasibility of this technique, other different mixtures including lavender, citronella, orange and peanut, almond, sunflower, and soy seed oils were analyzed. The results showed that the efficacy of this approach does not depend on the specific combination of EO and vegetable oil, ensuring its versatility. The method was able to determine the adulterant, with a mean accuracy of 91.81 and 89.77% for calculations made on ¹H and ¹³C spectra, respectively. The high precision and accuracy here observed, make ¹H-qNMR competitive with other well-established techniques. Considering the current importance of quality control of EOs to avoid fraudulent practices, this work can be considered pioneering and promising.