相干谐波储存环自由电子激光

相干谐波自由电子激光不用光学谐振腔及反射镜,可望工作在紫外和真空紫外光波段,是第四代同步辐射光源的可能途径之一。由于对束流品质要求很高,相干谐波自由电子激光首先是以储存环作为驱动器而发展起来的。由于光阴极微波电子枪的发展和直线加速器技术的进步,目前,已开始有直线加速器驱动的高增益相干谐波自由电子激光的建议。文章介绍了相干谐波储存环自由电子激光的原理、现状及展望。     

太赫兹时域光谱及成像技术在农作物品质检测中的应用研究进展

太赫兹辐射以其独特的技术优势,如瞬时性、宽带性、相干性、低能量性、穿透性和吸收性,受到了全世界各国政府、高等院校、科研机构等的高度重视并日趋成为生物医学、材料科学和物理学等领域的新兴研究热点.农作物成分如水分、蛋白、脂肪、淀粉等理论上在太赫兹谱区有较为丰富的吸收;太赫兹波的低辐射特性对农业生物样本检测更为安全;太赫兹波...     

Structural and physicochemical properties of lotus seed starch nanoparticles prepared using ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis

Lotus seed starch nanoparticles were prepared by ultrasonic (ultrasonic power: 200 W, 600 W, 1000 W; time: 5 min, 15 min, 25 min; liquid ratio (starch: buffer solution): 1%, 3%, 5%) assisted enzymatic hydrolysis (LS-SNPs represent lotus seed starch nanoparticles prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis and U-LS-SNPs represent lotus seed starch nanoparticles prepared by high pressure homogenization-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis). The structure and physicochemical properties of U-LS-SNPs were studied by laser particle size analysis, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography system. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of U-LS-SNPs was cracked and uneven after ultrasonic-assisted enzymolysis, and there was no significant difference from LS-SNPs. The results of particle size analysis and gel permeation chromatography showed that the particle size of U-LS-SNPs (except 5% treatment group) was smaller than that of LS-SNPs. With the increase of ultrasonic power and time, the weight average molecular gradually decreased. The results of X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed that ultrasonic waves first acted on the amorphous region of starch granules. With the increase of ultrasonic power and time, the relative crystallinity of U-LS-SNPs increased first and then decreased. The group (600 W, 15 min, 3%) had the highest relative crystallinity. The results of nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed that the hydrogen bond and double helix structure of starch were destroyed by ultrasound, and the double helix structure strength of U-LS-SNPs was weakened compared with LS-SNPs. In summary, U-LS-SNPs with the small-sized and the highest crystallinity can be prepared under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 600 W, time of 15 min and material-liquid ratio of 3%.     

夏蜡梅果实和种子形态变异及其与环境因子相关性

对天台大雷山4个不同生境（常绿阔叶林、灌丛、竹林和杉木林）夏蜡梅群体的果实、种子形态变异及其与环境因子的相关性进行了研究．测量的果实和种子12项形态学指标表明,果实和种子的性状以灌丛生境最优、其次是竹林生境、最差的是常绿阔叶林生境．表型性状在群体间和群体内都存在着一定程度的变异,其中群体间的变异系数的平均值从61．71（每果种子数）到7．51（种子厚）．夏蜡梅种子形态较果实形态稳定．单因素方差分析显示．夏蜡梅果实和种子形态在不同生境间差异显著,其中80％以上的变异来源于生境内．PCA分析结果将4个群体大致分为3组,杉木林生境和常绿阔叶林生境果实和种子形态最接近,为一组,竹林生境和灌丛生境各为一组．夏蜡梅果实和种子形态与光照条件的相关性最大,与土壤因子的相关性较小．     

铈对酸雨胁迫下大麦种子萌发的影响

研究了铈对酸雨胁迫大麦种子萌发的影响,随着雨ｐＨ值的增加,大麦发芽势,发芽率、幼苗地下与地上部干重及叶绿素含量递减,根系质膜透性递增;酸雨对铈浸种的大麦种子的胁迫作用减轻,表明有缓解酸雨胁迫种子萌发的作用。     

葡萄籽提取物中原花青素含量不同测定方法比较

原花青素是从植物中分离得到的一类黄烷醇单体及其聚合体的多酚类化合物 ,前者为黄烷 4 醇或黄烷 3,4 二醇 ,后者则为缩合单宁、红粉和酚酸 ,如下图所示。该类化合物具有生物活性 ,如抗氧化和自由基清除能力等[1] ,而机体内脂质氧化和自由基的产生是引发肿瘤等多种疾病的主要原因。国外以葡萄籽提取物中原花青素作为主要活性成分的药品及食品营养补充剂较多 ,国内也有多家企业正着手该类产品的研发与生产。目前 ,关于原花青素含量的测定方法尚无统一标准 ,相关文献报道也较少。本文对葡萄籽提取物中原花青素含量测定的三种不同方法进行了对…     

Shape-controlled synthesis of highly monodisperse and small size gold nanoparticles

We describe here that fine control of nanoparticle shape and size can be achieved by systematic varia-tion of experimental parameters in the seeded growth procedure in aqueous solution. Cubic and spherical gold nanoparticles are obtained respectively. In particularly, the Au cubes are highly mono-disperse in 33±2 nm diameter. The experimental methods involve the preparation of Au seed particles and the subsequent addition of an appropriate quantity of Au seed solution to the aqueous growth solutions containing desired quantities of CTAB and ascorbic acid (AA). Here, AA is a weak reducing agent and CTAB is not only a stable agent for nanoparticles but also an inductive agent for leading increase in the face of nanoparticle. Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to characterize the nanoparticles. The results show that the different size gold nanoparticles displayed high size homogenous distribution and formed mono-membrane at the air/solid interface.     

石榴籽中脂肪酸成分分析

采用两种方法对石榴籽中的脂肪酸进行了甲酯化,所得脂肪酸甲酯经GC-MS分析.方法一共检测出14种脂肪酸,主成分为油酸、亚油酸、山嵛酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和二十碳烯酸;方法二共检测出24种脂肪酸,主成分为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山嵛酸、油酸、亚油酸、二十碳烯酸等.其中的山嵛酸等多种饱和脂肪酸均为首次从石榴籽中鉴定出.     

番茄籽油中脂肪酸成份分析

本文对番茄籽油中脂肪酸成份进行了分析，采用氢氧化钾－在室温下对番茄籽油进行酯化，并采用气－质联用仪鉴定了番茄籽油中脂肪酸。     

Large-scale isolation of flavan-3-ol phloroglucinol adducts by high-speed counter-current chromatography

Flavan-3-ol phloroglucinol adducts were synthesised through acid catalysed degradation of a procyanidins-rich grape seed extract in the presence of phloroglucinol. The reaction mixture (3.3 g) was fractionated without further sample preparation using the all-liquid chromatographic technique of high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). Selected solvent systems were hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (0.1:5:0.1:5, v/v/v/v) and (1.5:10:1.5:10, v/v/v/v). The fractions obtained were found to contain almost pure compounds, in some cases final purification was achieved by preparative HPLC. The so-obtained pure standards of (+)catechin-(4alpha-->2)-phloroglucinol, (-)epicatechin-(4beta-->2)-phloroglucinol, (+)catechine, (-)epicatechin-3-O-galloyl-(4beta-->2)-phloroglucinol, (-)epicatechin, and (-)epicatechin gallate are required for quantification of acid-catalysed phloroglucinol degradation products of procyanidins.