Plasticity of metal wires in torsion: Molecular dynamics and dislocation dynamics simulations

The orientation dependent plasticity in metal nanowires is investigated using molecular dynamics and dislocation dynamics simulations. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the orientation of single crystal metal wires controls the mechanisms of plastic deformation. For wires oriented along , dislocations nucleate along the axis of the wire, making the deformation homogeneous. These wires also maintain most of their strength after yield. In contrast, wires oriented along and directions deform through the formation of twist boundaries and tend not to recover when high angle twist boundaries are formed. The stability of the dislocation structures observed in molecular dynamics simulations are investigated using analytical and dislocation dynamics models.     

Temperature-dependent texture, stress and resistivity in melt spun Cu0.95Co0.05 ribbon

Ribbon samples of Cu_0.95Co_0.05 were prepared by melt spinning method to perform systematic investigations on structure and transport properties as a function of annealing temperature. X-ray diffraction study shows that the ribbon is polycrystalline with a strong 2 0 0 texture along the surface normal of the as-quenched Cu_0.95Co_0.05 ribbon and the degree of texture is enhanced upon annealing. The compressive stress, which relaxes upon annealing, is observed in as-quenched ribbon. The resistivity, which is higher in as-quenched ribbon, decreases toward the bulk value of Cu upon annealing. The compressive stress and higher resistivity in as-quenched ribbon are attributed to the incorporation of Co atoms/particles in Cu matrix. The decrement of the stress and resistivity upon annealing is due to the precipitation of Co atoms from the Cu matrix, segregating as Co or Co-rich Cu grains as observed from the transmission electron microscopy measurements.     

Simulation of dc magnetic effects due to geometrically defined grain boundaries in type-II superconductors

A Bean model-based program (“Trazacorrientes”^®) has been used to simulate the current distribution in the saturated remanent state of type-II superconducting bicrystal-like squared samples. The grain boundary was modeled by a set of periodically spaced holes geometrically defining the current transparency. Current simulations performed as a function of the boundary transparency, width and geometry are analyzed. Current distributions agree qualitatively with previously reported imaging measurements, while quantitative results can be obtained with an accuracy of 5% due to present computing resolution limits. Thanks to “Trazacorrientes”^® easy way of implementing irregular defects, meandering grain boundaries formed by straight facets of different local transparency could be simulated. The advantages and disadvantages of the program for the simulation of type-II superconductors with defects, among which GB’s, are discussed.     

Effects of sulfur content and slab reheating temperature on the magnetic properties of fully processed nonoriented electrical steels

The effects of sulfur content and slab reheating temperature on the magnetic properties of four fully processed nonoriented electrical steels have been investigated. Four slabs of nonoriented electrical steels with sulfur content in the range of 0.0006–0.0126 wt% were reheated to 1100, 1200, and 1300 °C, respectively. Then, they were hot rolled and annealed at 700 °C, cold rolled at the same condition and annealed at 820 °C in the salt bath furnace for 1 min to simulate continuous annealing. The ac core loss, dc hysteresis loss, and ac and dc permeability were measured at 15 kG inductions. It was found that the amount of inclusions in the hot-rolled bands increased with increasing slab reheating temperature and increasing sulfur content in steels. After final annealing, grain sizes of cold-rolled steel sheets decreased with increasing sulfur content and increasing slab reheating temperature. The main preferred orientations in the final annealed steel sheets were (0 1 1) 〈1 0 0〉 and (1 1 1) 〈u v w〉 γ fiber texture. Steel sheets containing 0.0032 and 0.0060 wt% sulfur developed a more stronger (0 1 1)〈1 0 0〉 texture than other steel sheets. However, steel sheets containing 0.0126 wt% sulfur had the weakest (1 1 1)〈u v w〉 texture during slab reheating at temperatures higher than 1200 °C. Both ac core loss and dc hysteresis loss increased with increasing slab reheating temperature and increasing sulfur content in steel sheets. Both ac and dc permeability decreased with increasing slab reheating temperature and increasing sulfur content in steel sheets. If sulfur content decreased from 0.0060 to 0.0032 wt%, there were great improvements in ac core loss, dc hysteresis loss, and ac and dc permeability. However, eddy current loss was almost independent of the sulfur content and slab reheating temperature.     

Investigation of three-dimensional aspects of grain-scale plastic surface deformation of an aluminum oligocrystal

This is a study of plastic strain localization, surface roughening and of the origin of these phenomena in polycrystals. An oligocrystal aluminum sample with a single quasi-2D layer of coarse grains is plastically deformed under uniaxial tensile loading. During deformation, the history of strain localization, surface roughening, microstructure and in-grain fragmentation is carefully recorded. Using a crystal plasticity finite element model, corresponding high-resolution simulations are conducted. A series of comparisons identifying aspects of good and of less good match between model predictions and experiments is presented. The study suggests that the grain topology and microtexture have a significant influence on the origin of strain heterogeneity. Moreover, it suggests that the final surface roughening profiles are related both to the macro strain localization and to the intra-grain interaction. Finally slip lines observed on the surface of the samples are used to probe the activation of slip systems in detail. The study concludes with an assessment of the limitations of the crystal plasticity model.     

Size effects in indentation response of thin films at the nanoscale: A molecular dynamics study

The indentation response of Ni thin films of thicknesses in the nanoscale was studied using molecular dynamics simulations with embedded atom method (EAM) interatomic potentials. A series of simulations were performed in films in the [1 1 1] orientation with thicknesses varying from 4 to 12.8 nm. The study included both single crystal films and films containing low angle grain boundaries perpendicular to the film surface. The simulation results for single crystal films show that as film thickness decreases larger forces are required for similar indentation depths but the contact stress necessary to emit the first dislocation under the indenter is nearly independent of film thickness. The low angle grain boundaries can act as dislocation sources under indentation. The mechanism of preferred dislocation emission from these boundaries operates at stresses that are lower as the film thickness increases and is not active for the thinnest films tested. These results are interpreted in terms of a simple model.     

二溴对甲基偶氮羧催化动力学光度法测定岩石及粮食中铁

研究了痕量铁对高碘酸钾氧化二溴对甲基偶氮羧的催化作用 ,发现其在H2 SO4 介质中具有高灵敏的反应 ,检出限为 8.2 2× 1 0 -11g/m L,线性范围为 Fe( ) 0～ 0 .1 8μg/2 5m L。可用于测定岩石及粮食中的铁     

Enhanced reactivity of domain walls in with sodium

A possible new high temperature superconducting phase was recently reported in WO ₃ :Na. We have examined the reaction between sodium vapour and WO ₃ , and compared the phases formed by the reaction to previously known WO ₃ phases. By using light microscopy and electron microprobe analysis, domain walls from the interior of the crystal are shown to have a much higher Na content than bulk material after reaction with Na vapour. This indicates preferential transport along the domain walls. The result is very similar to a reduction reaction of WO ₃ crystals in which twin walls lose oxygen preferentially. Oxygen deficient twin walls are superconducting with . Received 3 September 1999 and Received in final form 15 December 1999     

催化光度法测定粮食中的痕量锰

研究了测定痕量锰的新催化光度法,方法基于氨三乙酸为活化剂,锰（Ⅱ）催化高碘酸钾氧化溴酚蓝的反应。测定锰的线性范围为0．4－10ng/mL,检出限为0．082ng/mL,对于4.0ng/mL Mn(Ⅱ）的测定,相对标准偏差为3．4％（n=9),其方法已用于粮食中锰的测定。     

金属配位剂衍生-高效液相色谱法测定粮食及白酒中的游离氰化物

采用金属配位剂Ni(Ⅱ)-NH3作为衍生剂,与游离氰化物反应生成稳定且具有高紫外吸收值的Ni(CN)_4~(2-),使用高效液相色谱-紫外检测法(HPLC-UV)检测游离氰化物.方法的线性范围为0.014～0.540 mg/L,相关系数R~2=0.9984,检出限为4.0 μg/L.该方法简便快速,抗干扰能力强,灵敏度高,适于食品、环境、生物等样品中游离氰化物的检测.