基于高光谱的大麦籽粒蛋白质含量遥感预测

利用高光谱信息检测作物籽粒蛋白质含量具有无损、快速的特点,而当前国内外开展大麦籽粒蛋白质含量高光谱遥感预测的研究并不多见。以内蒙古自治区海拉尔农垦大麦为研究对象,利用地面高光谱数据寻找大麦植株氮素含量的特征波段,分析了多种典型光谱植被指数与大麦植株氮素含量的相关关系;然后根据氮素运转规律,利用植株氮含量与大麦籽粒蛋白质含量之间的相关关系,构建了基于高光谱数据的大麦籽粒蛋白质含量遥感预测模型。结果表明:(1)550～590nm与670～710nm是大麦植株氮含量的敏感波段区域;(2)植被指数(green-red vegetation index,GRVI)与大麦植株含氮量的相关性最好,R2达到0.665 1。(3)大麦籽粒蛋白质含量与植株氮含量相关性高,建立了基于GRVI的大麦籽粒蛋白质含量的预测模型,R2达到0.658 1。最后,对构建的预测模型进行了验证,其精度达到了一定要求。该研究表明运用高光谱信息来预测大麦籽粒蛋白质含量是可行的,这将为大面积"按质论价"的大麦订单收购提供科学支撑。     

Coupled structural and magnetic properties of ferric fluoride nanostructures: Part II,a Monte Carlo–Heisenberg study

We present a numerical study of the magnetic structure of nanostructured iron fluoride, using the Monte Carlo Metropolis simulated annealing technique and a classical Heisenberg Hamiltonian with superexchange angle dependent interactions. The parameters are adjusted on experimental results, and the atomic structure and topology taken from a previous atomistic model of grain boundaries in the same system. We find perfect antiferromagnetic crystalline grains and a disordered magnetic configuration (speromagnetic) at the grain boundary, in agreement with experimental features. Both the lowest magnetic energy and the rate of magnetic frustration are found to be dependent on the relative disorientation of crystalline grains, i.e. on the cationic topology. We conclude on possible extensions of the model.     

The study of grain orientation distributions and grain boundary misorientation distributions in 304 and 316L stainless steels

Orientation distribution functions in two recrystallized austenitic stainless steels (AISI types 304 and 316L) with known grain boundary misorientation distributions have been studied. Previously obtained data on grain boundary spectra in these steels have been re-examined and analyzed from the point of view of texture analysis.The results obtained have shown that there is no unambiguous relatonship between grain boundary misorientation distribution and grain orientation distribution (ODF) determined by the X-ray analysis in the materials under study. This ambiguity is due to the following reason. In the grain boundary misorientation statistics only nearest-neighbor grains are taken into account, but in the orientation distribution function orientations are averaged over the entire volume of the specimen independent as to whether the grains are adjacent or not. Two main results were established for the steels under study: (i) Textures of the two steels differ, though their grain boundary misorientation distributions are similar; and (ii) misorientations of the majority of grain boundaries can be described as rotations about the axes close to 110.     

Modification of laser induced damage threshold of ZrO2 thin films by using time-temperature gradient annealing

As a result of using time-temperature gradient annealing, the structural and optical properties and hence, thermal properties of ZrO₂ thin films deposited by electron gun, enhanced considerably compared with rapid thermal annealing. Also, it can be seen time- temperature gradient annealing caused to decrease the total stress and number of thermal barrier along the film. Therefore, according to our experimental results, which is agree with theoretical analysis, the laser induced damage threshold of ZrO₂ films can be enhanced significantly compared with rapid annealing procedure.     

Incipient plasticity and voids nucleation of nanocrystalline gold nanofilms using molecular dynamics simulation

In this study, the incipient plasticity and voids nucleation of nanocrystalline gold were investigated using a molecular dynamics simulation. The effects of mean grain size and temperature were evaluated in terms of the material's stress-strain diagram, Young's modulus, yield strength, common-neighbor analysis, slip vectors, and deformation behaviors. From the stress-strain diagram, at 300?K, the maximum stress value corresponding to a grain size of 3.2?nm was much lower and the stress curve was clearly different from those corresponding to other grain sizes. Young's modulus increased with increasing mean grain size. The inverse Hall–Petch relation was observed. The slip was the main deformation behavior at a mean grain size of 3.2?nm. Moreover, the internal stress was more pronounced with increasing temperature. At 700?K, the main deformation area range was concentrated in the lattice at the middle of the samples, resulting in an almost force–induced structural transformation phenomenon in the middle. Void damage occurred at the junction of three–grain boundaries during the tensile process. With decreasing mean grain size, the less internal differential slip was generated under the same temperature and strain conditions.     

Effects of sulfur content and slab reheating temperature on the magnetic properties of fully processed nonoriented electrical steels

The effects of sulfur content and slab reheating temperature on the magnetic properties of four fully processed nonoriented electrical steels have been investigated. Four slabs of nonoriented electrical steels with sulfur content in the range of 0.0006–0.0126 wt% were reheated to 1100, 1200, and 1300 °C, respectively. Then, they were hot rolled and annealed at 700 °C, cold rolled at the same condition and annealed at 820 °C in the salt bath furnace for 1 min to simulate continuous annealing. The ac core loss, dc hysteresis loss, and ac and dc permeability were measured at 15 kG inductions. It was found that the amount of inclusions in the hot-rolled bands increased with increasing slab reheating temperature and increasing sulfur content in steels. After final annealing, grain sizes of cold-rolled steel sheets decreased with increasing sulfur content and increasing slab reheating temperature. The main preferred orientations in the final annealed steel sheets were (0 1 1) 〈1 0 0〉 and (1 1 1) 〈u v w〉 γ fiber texture. Steel sheets containing 0.0032 and 0.0060 wt% sulfur developed a more stronger (0 1 1)〈1 0 0〉 texture than other steel sheets. However, steel sheets containing 0.0126 wt% sulfur had the weakest (1 1 1)〈u v w〉 texture during slab reheating at temperatures higher than 1200 °C. Both ac core loss and dc hysteresis loss increased with increasing slab reheating temperature and increasing sulfur content in steel sheets. Both ac and dc permeability decreased with increasing slab reheating temperature and increasing sulfur content in steel sheets. If sulfur content decreased from 0.0060 to 0.0032 wt%, there were great improvements in ac core loss, dc hysteresis loss, and ac and dc permeability. However, eddy current loss was almost independent of the sulfur content and slab reheating temperature.     

颗粒尺寸效应对Zn2SnO4粉末的拉曼和表面光电压谱的影响

本文主要研究Zn2SnO4粉末的颗粒尺寸效应对其拉曼和表面光电压谱的影响. Zn2SnO4粉末在空气中被光照射, 因丰富的表面态和弱的自建电场, 就会产生表面光电压,但是水热法和固相法制备得到的Zn2SnO4颗粒大小差别较大, Raman光谱和表面光电压谱发生明显的变化.     

Reentrant spin glass behavior and large initial permeability of Co0.5−xMnxZn0.5Fe2O4

A series of polycrystalline ferrites having nominal chemical composition Co_0.50−xMn_xZn_0.5Fe₂O₄ (0<x<0.4) have been synthesized by the solid-state reaction technique. The XRD analysis confirms single phase cubic spinel structure for all compositions. Lattice constant increases from 0.84195 to 0.84429 nm with the increasing Mn content and obeys Vegard's law. The average grain size increases by increasing both Mn content and sintering temperatures. Room temperature saturation magnetization increases for x=0.1 and decreases for increasing Mn content. The coercivity decreases with increasing Mn content due to the decrease of anisotropy constant. A reentrant spin glass behavior of these samples is observed from the zero field cooled magnetization measurements. The real part of the initial permeability increases by increasing both Mn content and sintering temperatures. This is due to the homogeneous grain growth and densification of the ferrites. The highest initial permeability 137 is observed for x=0.4 sintered at 1573 K on the other hand, the highest relative quality factor (2522) is obtained for the sample Co_0.2Mn_0.3Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ sintered at 1523 K. The Mn substituted Co_0.50−xMn_xZn_0.5Fe₂O₄ ferrites showed improved magnetic properties.     

Re-exchange of Fe and Cu at the interface in sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets: A method to eliminate Fe precipitation at grain boundaries

According to the decoupling hypothesis for magnetic grains, the coercivity in sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets is increased after Cu doping, which is due to the formation of non-magnetic grain boundaries. However, this method partially fails, and ferromagnetic Fe-segregation occurs at the grain boundary. We discovered both experimentally and through calculation that the Fe content at the grain boundaries can be tuned across a wide range by introducing another element of Ag. Segregated Fe at high temperature at the grain boundary re-dissolves into Nd₂Fe₁₄B grains during annealing at low temperature. Both configurable and magnetic entropies contribute a large driving force for the formation of nonmagnetic grain boundaries. Almost zero Fe content could be achieved at the grain boundaries of sintered Nd–Fe–B magnet.     

Influence of sintering atmosphere and thermobaric treatment (TBT) on dielectric behaviors of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics

Copper titanate (CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂, or CCTO) ceramics sintered in oxygen and vacuum at 1100°C for 12 h have been treated by thermobaric treatment (TBT) at 9 GPa and 1000°C for 10 min and then quenched in liquid nitrogen (LN₂). Pure cubic body-centered perovskite-related structure was confirmed from XRD results. Besides, after TBT and quenching, additional minor peaks of TiO₂ and Cu were indexed, as well as a little cell volume expansion. A little reduction of the grain size as well as fuzzy grain boundaries can be observed in FE-SEM after TBT. The dielectric constant ε' of CCTO ceramics sintered in oxygen (～4600 @ 100 Hz) were a half of those treated by TBT and quenching (～9600 @ 100 Hz), whereas the value decreased almost by an order of magnitude (from 10⁵ to 10⁴) after TBT and quenching for the samples sintered in vacuum. The complex impedance spectra at high temperature showed three semicircles so a three RC model was used to explain the different relaxation regions consisting of grain, grain boundary and domain boundary. Besides, two relaxation peaks appeared in the frequency dependence of the imaginary part of the electric modulus formalism $M^{?}$ and the complex impedance $Z^{?}$. Moreover, the contributions of grain boundaries can be figured out by the relaxation activation energy $E_{re}$ (338–629 meV) and the conduction one $E_{dc}$ (396–823 meV) fitted by $M^{?}$ and $Z^{?}$ plots separately. As a result, the disorder and heterogeneity typical of grain boundaries should be responsible for the giant dielectric relaxation characteristics of CCTO ceramics, which can be affected by the sintering atmosphere as well as the extreme treating conditions.