Dynamic surface elasticity of polymer solutions

The surfaces of surfactant solutions exhibit viscoelastic dilational behavior which may be investigated by modern optical and mechanical methods. The present study focuses on the dynamic dilational properties of the polymer solution — gas interface. Linear flexible polymer chains at the surface are considered as consisting of trains, lying on the surface, and loops and tails that protrude into the liquid. The Rouse model is used to describe the inner dynamics of the trains, whereas their motion relative to their neighbors on the surface can be described with the help of the reptation conception. An expression for the complex dynamic dilational surface elasticity has been derived. Although, in general, the relaxation of the surface tension is characterized by an infinite series of relaxation times, it is shown that for many systems the dynamics of the surface layer can be described approximately by only two main relaxation times. The dispersion equation, which was obtained earlier for solutions of conventional surfactants, is shown to be fulfilled for polymer solutions also.     

Surface characterization of cellulose fibres by XPS and inverse gas chromatography

Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was used to determine the dispersive component of the free energy as well as the acid-base properties of cellulose fibre surfaces, before and after modification by corona treatment. It was found that the corona treatment increases both the dispersive contribution to surface energy and its acidic character, whereas only a slight increase in its basicity was observed. It was also found that some chemical degradation of the surface occurs at high corona currents. The extent of modification of the surface properties, as revealed by IGC, was correlated to the surface chemical composition deduced from XPS analysis as well as with the electrical conductance and the pH of the water suspensions of the cellulose fibres.     

Effects of type of adsorption isotherms on parallel diffusion of sulfonated dyes into porous cellulose membrane

Transport phenomenon of three sulfonated azo dyes, C.I. Acid Red 88, C.I. Direct Yellow 12, and C.I. Direct Blue 15 into water-swollen cellulose membranes has been analyzed on the basis of parallel transport theory by surface and pore diffusion. Langmuir equation was applied into the mass balance equation to estimate dye concentration in the pores. The results were compared with the results obtained by applying Freundlich equation in our previous papers. The surface diffusivity (D _s) and the pore diffusivity (D _p) for the parallel diffusion model obtained by applying Langmuir equation agreed with those obtained by applying Freudlich equation. The theoretical concentration profiles for parallel diffusion calculated usingD _s andD _p coincided accurately with the experimental data when we applied either Langmuir or Freundlich equations.     

Computer simulation of conformational movement based on interconversion phenomena

A computer method has been developed which is an alternative to molecular dynamics in the sense that it pictures conformational motion. It simulates propagation in conformational movement based on conformational interconversion phenomena. The method starts with the knowledge of the topology of the conformational potential energy hyper-surface, which is described by the minima and the transition states. The topology is obtained by the recently described software . The simulation of conformational motion is based on the Boltzmann statistics of movement between the minima and the transition states at a given temperature. The method is illustrated for methyl--glucopyranoside and - -galNAc(1-3)[- -Fuc(1-2)]Gal-O-Me molecules. Conformational transitions of hydroxyl groups as well as glycosidic linkages are discussed.     

甲烷氧化偶联Ti-La-Li系多元氧化物催化剂的表面碱性和表面活性氧种

利用ＣＯ２－ＴＰＤ方法考察了Ｔｉ－Ｌａ－Ｌｉ系多元氧化物催化剂的表面碱性，实验发现：Ｃ２选择性与表面碱强度呈顺变关系，而ＣＨ４转化率与ＣＯ２的脱附峰面积呈顺变关系。同时，利用ＸＰＳ，Ｏ２－ＴＰＤ等方法对该体系催化剂的表面活性氧种进行了表征与研究。结果表明：催化剂的表面晶格氧与Ｃ２选择性有关，表面吸附氧与甲烷转化（包括偶联和深度氧化）有关。Ｏ２－ＴＰＤ实验发现催化剂的表面存在三种氧。α（１００℃≤ｔ     

Nonadiabatic collision model calculations of ion-pair formation cross sections of Cs+O2→Cs++O

This paper has improved Hickman's nonadiabatic collision model by substituting Hickman's constant velocity classical straight line trajectory approximation with the solution of motion equation mR=?dV(R)/dR, and has calculated the cross sections of ion-pair formation Cs+O₂→Cs⁺+O^?₂ with the improved nonadiabatic collision model (INCM). A comparison of our results with other theoretical and experimental results has been made.     

SO2和NO对ACF低温脱除模拟燃煤烟气中VOC的影响

采用H₂O₂浸渍的方法对活性炭纤维(ACF)进行改性,并利用氮吸附等温线和XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy)的方法对ACF样品进行表征。通过实验测定改性前后ACF脱除VOC(甲苯作为VOC的代表物)的效果,同时考察二氧化硫(SO₂)和一氧化氮(NO)对ACF脱除甲苯的影响。研究发现,双氧水浸渍改性对ACF的BET表面积和孔容没有影响,但使得ACF样品表面的含氧官能团含量大量增加。实验数据也表明,SO₂和NO对VOC在ACF上的吸附具有抑制作用,且随着两者浓度的增加,抑制作用也增强。 研究还发现,SO₂和NO同时存在比单一的SO₂或NO对VOC在ACF上吸附的抑制作用更为明显。     

酰胺接枝ACF的制备及其在处理水体中重金属Cu2+的应用

利用聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维(PAN-ACF)表面存在的羧基与氯化亚砜SOCl2发生酰氯化反应后与乙二胺110℃加热回流在其表面接枝胺基、酰胺基团对其进行改性,用傅立叶转换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对改性前后活性碳纤维的表面结构和元素结合态及含量变化进行了表征,并将改性后的活性碳纤维(NH-ACF)应用于水体中Cu2+离子的去除处理,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)检测被处理溶液中的Cu2+离子浓度变化,进而得出Cu2+离子在NH-ACF上的最大吸附量qmax.结果表明,NH-ACF比未改性处理的PAN-ACF对Cu2+吸附去除能力具有显著的优势,前者约为后者的1.5倍.     

金催化剂上乙二醛氧气氧化合成乙醛酸的研究

利用沉积-沉淀法和溶液相还原法制备了系列金催化剂,以氧气氧化乙二醛合成乙醛酸为探针反应,进行了反应条件的优化,并通过对催化剂进行XRD、AAS、UV-Vis和XPS表征,分析了影响催化剂活性的因素.结果显示:与沉积-沉淀法相比,采用溶液相还原法制备的催化剂Au/ZrO2(L),金的实际负载量较高,表现出较高的催化活性,当溶液pH为7.7,反应温度为323 K时,乙醛酸收率达到6.2%.