活性炭负载Pt-Ni双金属催化剂上甘油水溶液原位加氢反应性能

采用KBH4液相还原法制备了系列活性炭(AC)负载的Pt-M(M=Fe,Ni,Co,Zn,Cu)双金属催化剂,考察了该系列催化剂对甘油水溶液原位加氢制备1,2-丙二醇反应的催化性能.结果表明,当Pt负载量(质量分数)为2.0%,Pt/Ni质量比为1∶1时,在220℃和1.0 MPa氮气压力下反应8 h,2%Pt-2%Ni/AC催化剂上甘油转化率和1,2-丙二醇选择性分别达到98.7%和60.5%;且在5次重复使用过程中,催化剂保持较高的稳定性.采用氮气物理吸附-脱附实验、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对催化剂的结构和形貌进行了表征.结果表明,粒径约为2 nm的纳米颗粒在活性炭载体上均匀分散,纳米粒子中金属多以还原态形式存在,Ni原子进入Pt晶格中形成的Pt-Ni物种使Pt与Ni之间表现出强相互作用力.通过比较Pt/AC,Ni/AC与Pt-Ni/AC双金属催化剂的催化性能,推断Pt能够促进甘油水溶液重整而Ni有利于氢解反应,Pt-Ni金属间协同作用是Pt-Ni/AC催化剂对甘油原位加氢反应具有优良催化性能的重要原因.     

Sequential injection analyzer for glycerol monitoring in yeast cultivation medium

A smart and versatile flow system for the at-line monitoring of glycerol based on sequential injection analysis is proposed. Formaldehyde, generated by oxidation of glycerol with sodium periodate, is transformed into 2,4-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine applying the Hantzsch condensation reaction with acetylacetone and ammonium. Dual-wavelength detection was carried out to minimize the contribution of the schlieren effect using a single blue LED. In-line sample dilution is accomplished applying the concept of zone-penetration and a new concept of sample splitting. Under optimized physical and chemical variables, regression curves over two dynamic working ranges of 0.1-4 and 1-40 g l⁻¹ were attained. The injection throughputs were 14 and 12 h⁻¹, respectively. Applying on-line data evaluation and conditional inquiries, the smart and independent selection of the adequate analytical procedure for the required working range was accomplished. The system was successfully applied to the at-line monitoring of glycerol in a continuous, cell-free medium flow from a yeast cultivation process during batch and fed-batch phase with glycerol as the only carbon source.     

反应型非离子表面活性剂的制备及其组成和结构

以丙烯酸(AA)与硬脂酸单甘油酯(GMS)、油酸单甘油酯(A300)或油酸单山梨糖醇酐酯(Span 80)为起始物, 对甲苯磺酸为催化剂, 对苯二酚为阻聚剂, 制备了三类含有1-烯键的反应型表面活性剂. 通过反应体系中AA 的加料量及其残留量, 计算得到丙烯酸的转化率为91%以上, 制备的反应型非离子表面活性剂的收率达到80%以上. 用红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和质谱对反应产物的组成和结构进行了表征, 确认获得了三类目标产物. 将这三类表面活性剂作为流滴剂与聚乙烯发生接枝反应后, 提高了聚乙烯的结晶温度, 降低了水在聚烯烃膜表面的接触角, 解决了聚乙烯农用棚膜的流滴期短的问题.     

Electro-Motive Forces Generated in Concentration Cells of LiCl-Glycerol Solutions

Abstract

Mean ionic activity coefficients of LiCl in Glycerol have been calculated in the concentration range 0.5-500mol.m^-3, using the concentration cell technique. Up to the limit of the Debye-Huckel theory (C ≤ 1 mol·m^-3), the experimental values lie below the limiting line, showing that the measured Electro-Motive-Force might have been false by using our previous cell design. An alternative method based on Fuoss Paired Ion Model has been used to deduce the theoretical data, and consequently, the values of the EMF'S. By comparing these data to those obtained experimentally with KCI and NaCl, we find that they are consistent with the results in aqueous solutions.     

A sustainable one-pot synthesis of cinnamyl acetate in triacetin

A sustainable one-pot synthesis of cinnamyl acetate from cinnamaldehyde is demonstrated for the first time using immobilized Baker’s yeast and free or immobilized acid as catalysts and triacetin as solvent. Employing the immobilized yeast and Amberlyst-36 allowed full conversion and 91% selectivity for cinnamyl acetate after 96 h at room temperature, and both the catalysts and triacetin were successfully recycled.     

丙烯醇反马氏水合制备1,3-丙二醇

1,3-丙二醇具有很高的经济价值,是合成纤维聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯的重要原料。基于甘油甲酸介入法获得的丙烯醇作为平台分子,通过丙烯醇与TiCl4-NaBH4反应,首次实现常温常压下1,3-丙二醇的制备, 为1,3-丙二醇的合成提供了一条新的路径。在最优条件下,1,3-丙二醇的产率68.73%,推测反应机理为：TiCl4和NaBH4发生反应,生成中间体 “BH3”,进而实现了丙烯醇反马氏水合制备1,3-丙二醇。     

Synthesis and structure of novel closo-dodecaborate-based glycerols

The reactions of oxonium derivatives of [B₁₂H₁₂]²⁻ with different glycerol-based nucleophiles were studied. A series of novel closo-dodecaborate-based glycerols with different net charges on the molecules were prepared. A structure of {2-[2-(4-(2, 3-dihydroxypropyl)-dipiperazinium-1-yl)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-undecahydro-closo-dodecaborate was determined and the existence of different intermolecular H-bonds was shown.     

氮杂石墨烯碳纳米管复合材料负载Pt催化剂在甘油选择性氧化中的应用

一直以来,以碳材料为载体负载的金属催化剂被广泛应用于甘油液相氧化反应.研究表明,催化剂活性与碳的孔径分布有关,随着碳载体微孔比例的增加,催化剂活性下降.此外,载体表面基团对金属活性有着重要影响.例如,载体表面含氧基团的吸电子作用可降低载体表面电子的流动性(电子密度和导电性),从而阻碍甘油氧化反应过程中OH–的吸附和再生,导致反应活性降低.因此,开发微孔比例小、富含负电性基团的碳载体成为甘油氧化过程中急需解决的问题之一.本文通过热解碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和三聚氰胺的混合物,在碳纳米管表面直接生长得到氮杂石墨烯(NG-MWCNTs),并采用SEM,N2吸附,TEM和XRD对所得复合材料进行了表征.实验发现,相比于单纯的MWCNTs和直接热解三聚氰胺所得的产物CNx,NG-MWCNTs具有更高的比表面积(173 m2/g)和更大的平均孔径.此外,NG-MWCNTs非常适合作为Pt催化剂的载体,Pt平均粒径可小至1.4±0.4 nm.所制备的Pt/NG-MWCNTs催化剂在甘油选择性氧化反应中具有很高的催化活性和甘油酸选择性(甘油转化率和甘油酸选择性分别可达64.4%和81.0%),且具有可重复使用性能.Pt/NG-MWCNTs催化剂优异的催化活性不仅与载体表面高分散的Pt有关,而且与N原子对Pt的给电子作用有关.     

Dehydroxylation of Glycerol on Pt Surfaces: Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study

Glycerol is an important raw material in the chemical industry, and dehydroxylation of glycerol would produce 1, 2-propanediol and 1, 3-propanediol. Here we studied glycerol dehydroxylation with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations on Pt(111) and Pt(211) surfaces at 453 K. The free energies obtained on Pt show that dehydroxylation is more likely to occur at the terminal carbon than the central carbon, and 1, 2-propanediol would be produced preferentially, which is consistent with the selectivity observed experimentally. We found a linear relationship between the free energy barrier and the difference of average distances between O atoms at the initial state and transition state. Although a high correlation between the stability of gaseous glycerol and the number of formed hydrogen bonds is determined from density functional theory calculations, the hydrogen bonds formed within surface structures play a negligible role in determining the free energy barriers of dehydroxylation.     

Dual template approach for the synthesis of hierarchically mesocellular carbon foams

We demonstrated a simple and effective dual-templating approach for the synthesis of hierarchically mesocellular carbon foams by using nonionic surfactant of sorbitan monooleate and silica colloid particles as sacrificial templates, and resorcinol/ formaldehyde as carbon source. The representative carbon foam has dual mesopore sizes of 4 and 10 nm, and possesses the specific surface area of 580 m2/g and the total pore volume of 0.80 cm3/g.