γ射线辐照石英玻璃吸收光谱的研究

石英玻璃以其低热膨胀系数、高紫外透过率而成为不可缺少的光学材料,但并不是所有的石英玻璃都可以作为光学材料。有些石英玻璃在短波长射线环境运行一段时间后,透过率下降,甚至变黑。哪些石英玻璃能够用于射线环境、哪些不能用?这要求对石英玻璃分类。美国Lawerence Livemore国家实验室提出的LL分类法中隐藏一个理论缺陷,即它暗中假定石英玻璃在γ射线照射下,只感生E′,D_0,B_1,Al等4条吸收带,虽然他们所接触的石英玻璃是这种情况,但缺乏理论依据,没有理由认为任何石英玻璃在γ射线照射下只有这4条感生吸收带,事实上确实有的石英玻璃在γ射线照射下还有其他感生吸收带,LL分类法就无法对这种石英玻璃归类。石英玻璃对γ射线的响应有三类,一是有响应的辐照变色石英玻璃,另一是没有响应的耐辐照石英玻璃,第三类是介于这两类之间的、不产生可见的感生吸收带但产生紫外感生吸收带的过渡类石英玻璃。石英玻璃耐γ射线照射的能力取决于杂质总量和羟基含量的比值;比值越大,耐辐照能力越差;比值大于2为变色石英玻璃,比值小于0.01为耐辐照石英玻璃;比值介于其间为紫外透过下降的石英玻璃,即过渡类石英玻璃。     

A study on the triboelectric charging of display glass during the roller transfer process–modeling and characterization

Glass substrates for displays are insulating materials capable of generating and maintaining high levels of triboelectric charges posing a risk of electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage to electronic display components. In this work, an apparatus for triboelectric charging characterization of display glass during the roller transfer process was designed and fabricated. In order to establish the reliability of the characterization, the triboelectric charge and the electrostatic potential distribution measurement system was automated. The preconditioning process of the glass and the rollers was also addressed. In order to analyze the measurements' results, a multiphysics model that considered both electrical and mechanical properties was proposed. The test parameters that were expected to affect the triboelectric charging characteristics are defined and discussed, as well as some of the characterization results such as the effects of acceleration/deceleration and maximum velocity, relative humidity and moisture on the glass and the rollers, and the conductivity of the rollers. The peak-to-peak deviation of the de-embedded triboelectric charges, due to a steady-state velocity period with different combinations of acceleration/deceleration and maximum velocities, was 14.2%. The triboelectric charges increased as the relative humidity increased from 30% to 50% with the same temperature. They also increased when the insulating rollers were replaced with dissipative rollers.     

玻璃在线激光测厚误差的透反互补抑制

为了抑制激光在线测厚时入射角波动引起的误差,根据几何光学分析了激光透射式和反射式测厚原理,发现激光在特定入射角附近波动时,两种方式的测厚误差一正一负,具有互补性,在此基础上提出基于透射和反射同时测量的互补式测厚方法,该方法可将误差限定在透射式和反射式测量误差之间,抑制在线测厚误差.对于有机玻璃平板,理论计算表明,当激光入射角在67.013°±4°波动时,相对误差绝对值在1%以内,误差抑制率均值大于90%;当入射角为61.536°时,误差抑制率为100%.利用线结构激光器和两个线阵CCD相机搭建互补式测厚实验系统,测量了标称厚度为1~5mm的有机玻璃平板,与透射式和反射式测厚结果进行对照,除厚度为1mm的玻璃外,互补式测厚误差被限制在透射式和反射式之间,最大误差抑制率达61%.实验结果表明,该互补式方法有效抑制了误差,提高了在线厚度测量准确度,解决了在线测量不可重复性导致的无法通过均值法减小误差的问题.     

Stretched exponential relaxation in the Coulomb glass

The relaxation of the specific heat and the entropy to their equilibrium values is investigated numerically for the three-dimensional Coulomb glass at very low temperatures. The long time relaxation follows a stretched exponential function, f (t) = f ₀exp - (t/τ)^β , with the exponent β increasing with the temperature. The relaxation time diverges as an Arrhenius law when T→ 0. Received 24 May 2001 and Received in final form 12 September 2001     

Glassy effects in the swelling/collapse dynamics of homogeneous polymers

We investigate, using numerical simulations and analytical arguments, a simple one-dimensional model for the swelling or the collapse of a closed polymer chain of size N, representing the dynamical evolution of a polymer in a Θ-solvent that is rapidly changed into a good solvent (swelling) or a bad solvent (collapse). In the case of swelling, the density profile for intermediate times is parabolic and expands in space as t ^1/3, as predicted by a Flory-like continuum theory. The dynamics slows down after a time ∝N ² when the chain becomes stretched, and the polymer gets stuck in metastable “zig-zag” configurations, from which it escapes through thermal activation. The size of the polymer in the final stages is found to grow as . In the case of collapse, the chain very quickly (after a time of order unity) breaks up into clusters of monomers (“pearls”). The evolution of the chain then proceeds through a slow growth of the size of these metastable clusters, again evolving as the logarithm of time. We enumerate the total number of metastable states as a function of the extension of the chain, and deduce from this computation that the radius of the chain should decrease as 1/ln(ln t). We compute the total number of metastable states with a given value of the energy, and find that the complexity is non-zero for arbitrary low energies. We also obtain the distribution of cluster sizes, that we compare to simple “cut-in-two” coalescence models. Finally, we determine the aging properties of the dynamical structure. The subaging behaviour that we find is attributed to the tail of the distribution at small cluster sizes, corresponding to anomalously “fast” clusters (as compared to the average). We argue that this mechanism for subaging might hold in other slowly coarsening systems. Received 23 October 2000     

Cathodoluminescence from deformed doped MgO crystals

The cathodoluminescence (CL) from indented Fe doped MgO single crystals has been studied with the scanning electron microscope and the results have been compared with the CL from undoped crystals. As in the undoped crystals, the iron doped crystals show in the deformed regions an enhanced luminescence emission but it has been found that iron acts as a quencher of luminescence. The results indicate that in the blue emission of the deformed crystals there is not a noticeable contribution of iron. From the evolution of CL with the irradiation time in the electron microscope it is concluded that the total Fe content influences the CL emission more than the Fe³⁺ content.     

Stark Hole-Burning Spectroscopy of Cresylviolet Perchlorate in Amorphous Hosts

Stark hole-burning spectroscopy is used to investigate the effective dipole moment change of cresylviolet perchlorate (CVP) in various glass and polymer hosts such as ethanol:methanol (EM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly (2-hydroxyethyl) methacrylate (PHEMA), polyvinylbutyral (PVB), and formamide. The strong correlation between effective dipole moment change of the guest molecule and the holeburning efficiencies of the host matrices illustrates the sensitivity of the dipole moment change as a direct measure of guest-host interactions. Hole-burning is found to be more efficient as the dipole induced reaction field increases. This relationship is discussed in terms of the unusual hole-burning mechanism suggested for this molecule. The effective dipole moment change of cresylviolet perchlorate ranges from 0.14 to 0.59 Debye.     

Lithium ion conductive glass–ceramics with Li3Fe2(PO4)3 and YAG laser-induced local crystallization in lithium iron phosphate glasses

The glasses with the composition of 37.5Li₂O–(25 − x)Fe₂O₃–xNb₂O₅–37.5P₂O₅ (mol%) (x = 5,10,15) are prepared, and it is found that the addition of Nb₂O₅ is effective for the glass formation in the lithium iron phosphate system. The glass–ceramics consisting of Nasicon-type Li₃Fe₂(PO₄)₃ crystals with an orthorhombic structure are developed through conventional crystallization in an electric furnace, showing electrical conductivities of 3 × 10^− 6 Scm^− 1 at room temperature and the activation energies of 0.48 eV (x = 5) and 0.51 eV (x = 10) for Li⁺ ion conduction in the temperature range of 30–200 °C. A continuous wave Nd:YAG laser (wavelength: 1064 nm) with powers of 0.14–0.30 W and a scanning speed of 10 μm/s is irradiated onto the surface of the glasses, and the formation of Li₃Fe₂(PO₄)₃ crystals is confirmed from XRD analyses and micro-Raman scattering spectra. The crystallization of the precursor glasses is considered as new route for the fabrication of Li₃Fe₂(PO₄)₃ crystals being candidates for use as electrolyte materials in lithium ion secondary batteries.     

Synthesis of Per- and Poly-Substituted Trehalose Derivatives: Studies of Properties Relevant to Their Use as Excipients for Controlled Drug Release

Per- and poly-substituted oligosaccharide derivatives, with trehalose cores, have been prepared and assessed for their potential for use as excipients in controlled-release formulations. The synthesized compounds, generally with acyl and amido substituents, included 6,6′-N,N′ -diamido-6,6′ -dideoxy-α,α -trehalose derivatives, 6,6′ -bis(1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-β -D-glucopyranuronyl)-α, α -trehalose derivatives, 2,2′,3,3′ -tetra-O-acetyl-6,6′ -bis-(1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranuronyl)-4,4′ -di-O-acyl-α,α-trehalose, 2, 2′, 3, 3′ -tetra-O-acetyl-6-(1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranuronyl)-4,4′,6′ -tri-O-acyl-α,α-trehalose, and 2,2′,3,3′,4,4′ -hexa-O-acetyl-6,6′ -bis-(1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-6-O-succinyl-β-D-glucopyranuronyl)-α,α-trehalose. Compounds were characterized by NMR, IR, MS and optical rotations; elemental analyses; or HRMS. The compounds formed amorphous materials either on fast quenching of melts or on spray drying. Properties, used in the initial assessment of the potential as controlled-release excipients, were log₁₀ P and glass transition, T_g, values.     

翠绿料瓶罐玻璃中微量元素的快速测定

翠绿料瓶罐玻璃颜色的深浅是由多种微量元素铁、铬、钴的浓度所决定的.在原子吸收光谱法测定这些微量元素时,要考虑基体产生的多种干扰.本法通过改进标准溶液的配制,克服了基体干扰,加快了样品的测定速度.