The thermodynamics of the isomerization of cyanophenol and cyanothiophenol compounds

The relative thermodynamics of 12 isomers of both cyanophenol and cyanothiophenol have been computed by DFT and composite approaches. It is shown that these methodologies are capable of correctly reproducing the energetics of the three cyanophenols, anthranil, and phenylisocyanate but have a fair behavior when dealing with benzoxazole and benzothiazole compounds. The estimated values for the latter two species are always less positive than the experimental results, indicating that the theoretical approaches predict a much too stable compound.     

Photoisomerization kinetics of trifloxystrobin

The photoisomerization kinetics of trifloxystrobin (TFS) in acetone under artificial sunlight is reported. HPLC analysis showed the TFS, a strobilurine fungicide of EE conformation, was converted into an equilibrium mixture of four isomers after illumination for 7 h. The isomers were identified as EZ, EE, ZZ, and ZE and were separated in the crystalline form by preparative HPLC and characterized by use of a variety of spectroscopic techniques. The quantum yield and reaction constants for the isomerization reactions were determined. The detailed spectral features of the individual isomers measured by UV, IR, Raman, NMR and mass spectroscopy are presented and compared. The spectra of the isomers were found to be very characteristic, with good analytical significance.     

Quantitative estimation of geometric isomers by post-source decay MALDI MS

Isomeric triazine pesticides: prometryn (N,N′-bis(1-methylethyl)-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and terbutryn (N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N′-ethyl-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) are quantitatively analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) without prior separation. The total concentration of the pesticide isomers was quantified by ‘standard’ MALDI using simetryn as an internal standard, while the composition of the isomeric mixture was estimated using post-source decay (PSD) MALDI-MS. Prometryn and terbutryn generate different PSD-MALDI product ions, and a PSD fragment characteristic of each isomeric pesticide is used for quantification of the mixture. Specifically, the fragment at m/z=186 is used for quantification of terbutryn, while the fragment at m/z=200 is used for prometryn. Fast evaporation and dried droplet methods were employed in PSD-MALDI quantification, and linear signal response was obtained for both methods. However, the fast evaporation method showed better quantitative characteristics and a lower detection limit.     

B4C2,B2C4簇的从头算研究

用量子化学从头计算方法研究了Ｂ４Ｃ２，Ｂ２Ｃ４簇各种可能的几何构型，计算了相应的振动光谱。Ｂ４Ｃ２的稳定构型除直线，平面构型外还有三维模型，而Ｂ２Ｃ４的稳定构型均为直线、平面构型，因此，Ｂ４Ｃ２与Ｂ６接近，Ｂ２Ｃ４与Ｃ６接近。Ｂ－Ｃ和Ｃ－Ｃ多重键及强共轭效应是Ｂ４Ｃ２和Ｂ２Ｃ４簇稳定的重要因素。     

Quantum particle confined to a thin-layer volume: Non-uniform convergence toward the curved surface

We clearly refine the fundamental framework of the thin-layer quantization procedure, and further develop the procedure by taking the proper terms of degree one in q₃$q_3$ (q₃$q_3$ denotes the curvilinear coordinate variable perpendicular to curved surface) back into the surface quantum equation. The well-known geometric potential and kinetic term are modified by the surface thickness. Applying the developed formalism to a toroidal system obtains the modification for the kinetic term and the modified geometric potential including the influence of the surface thickness.     

Investigation of isomerization of dexibuprofen in a ball mill using chiral capillary electrophoresis

Besides the racemate, the S-enantiomer of ibuprofen (Ibu) is used for the treatment of inflammation and pain. Since the configurational stability of S-Ibu in solid state is of interest, it was studied by means of ball milling experiments. For the evaluation of the enantiomeric composition, a chiral CE method was developed and validated according to the ICH guideline Q2(R1). The addition of Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, or Zn²⁺ ions to the background electrolyte (BGE) was found to improve Ibu enantioresolution. Chiral separation of Ibu enantiomers was achieved on a 60.2 cm (50.0 cm effective length) x 75 μm fused-silica capillary using a background electrolyte (BGE) composed of 50 mM sodium acetate, 10 mM magnesium acetate tetrahydrate, and 35 mM heptakis-(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (TM-β-CD) as chiral selector. The quantification of R-Ibu in the mixture was performed using the normalization procedure. Linearity was evaluated in the range of 0.68–5.49% R-Ibu (R² = 0.999), recovery was found to range between 97 and 103%, the RSD of intra- and interday precision below 2.5%, and the limit of quantification for R- in S-Ibu was calculated to be 0.21% (extrapolated) and 0.15% (dilution of racemic ibuprofen), respectively. Isomerization of S-Ibu was observed under basic conditions by applying long milling times and high milling frequencies.     

Divisible designs from twisted dual numbers

The generalized chain geometry over the local ring $K(\varepsilon ; \sigma)The generalized chain geometry over the local ring of twisted dual numbers, where K is a finite field, is interpreted as a divisible design obtained from an imprimitive group action. Its combinatorial properties as well as a geometric model in 4-space are investigated. Dedicated to Helmut M?urer on the occasion of his 70th birthday     

A short access to highly strained spiranic compounds from ethyl 3-cyclobutylprop-2-enoate

UV irradiation of ethyl 3-cyclobutylpropen-2-oate delivered the β,γ-unsaturated isomer in high yield. Its CC double bond was submitted to epoxidation and cyclopropanation to deliver the corresponding spiro[3.2]hexane derivatives. Alternatively, the same substrate treated by TMS-I or by OsO₄ allowed an easy access to two spiranic butyrolactones.     

Optimized Crystal Framework by Asymmetric Core Isomerization in Selenium-Substituted Acceptor for Efficient Binary Organic Solar Cells

Both the regional isomerization and selenium-substitution of the small molecular acceptors (SMAs) play significant roles in developing efficient organic solar cells (OSCs), while their synergistic effects remain elusive. Herein, we developed three isomeric SMAs (S-CSeF, A-ISeF, and A-OSeF) via subtly manipulating the mono-selenium substituted position (central, inner, or outer) and type of heteroaromatic ring on the central core by synergistic strategies for efficient OSCs, respectively. Crystallography of asymmetric A-OSeF presents a closer intermolecular π–π stacking and more ordered 3-dimensional network packing and efficient charge-hopping pathways. With the successive out-shift of the mono-selenium substituted position, the neat films give a slightly wider band gap and gradually higher crystallinity and electron mobility. The PM1 : A-OSeF afford favourable fibrous phase separation morphology with more ordered molecular packing and efficient charge transportation compared to the other two counterparts. Consequently, the A-OSeF-based devices achieve a champion efficiency of 18.5 %, which represents the record value for the reported selenium-containing SMAs in binary OSCs. Our developed precise molecular engineering of the position and type of selenium-based heteroaromatic ring of SMAs provides a promising synergistic approach to optimizing crystal stacking and boosting top-ranked selenium-containing SMAs-based OSCs.