全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6733篇 |
免费 | 277篇 |
国内免费 | 443篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 6439篇 |
晶体学 | 55篇 |
力学 | 144篇 |
综合类 | 13篇 |
数学 | 50篇 |
物理学 | 752篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 86篇 |
2022年 | 86篇 |
2021年 | 83篇 |
2020年 | 102篇 |
2019年 | 85篇 |
2018年 | 74篇 |
2017年 | 132篇 |
2016年 | 202篇 |
2015年 | 203篇 |
2014年 | 150篇 |
2013年 | 280篇 |
2012年 | 303篇 |
2011年 | 376篇 |
2010年 | 336篇 |
2009年 | 372篇 |
2008年 | 301篇 |
2007年 | 355篇 |
2006年 | 287篇 |
2005年 | 240篇 |
2004年 | 242篇 |
2003年 | 192篇 |
2002年 | 160篇 |
2001年 | 138篇 |
2000年 | 160篇 |
1999年 | 127篇 |
1998年 | 136篇 |
1997年 | 130篇 |
1996年 | 148篇 |
1995年 | 123篇 |
1994年 | 127篇 |
1993年 | 126篇 |
1992年 | 84篇 |
1991年 | 88篇 |
1990年 | 69篇 |
1989年 | 82篇 |
1988年 | 119篇 |
1987年 | 103篇 |
1986年 | 101篇 |
1985年 | 134篇 |
1984年 | 120篇 |
1983年 | 77篇 |
1982年 | 119篇 |
1981年 | 115篇 |
1980年 | 105篇 |
1979年 | 114篇 |
1978年 | 69篇 |
1977年 | 17篇 |
1976年 | 28篇 |
1973年 | 21篇 |
1972年 | 16篇 |
排序方式: 共有7453条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
62.
Viorica Lopez-Avila Richard Young Werner F. Beckert 《Journal of separation science》1997,20(9):487-492
This paper describes the extraction of 49 organophosphorus pesti-cides (OPPs) from water samples using solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Three fibers, including a 15-μm XAD-coated fiber, a 85-μm polyacrylate-coated fiber, and a 30-μm polydimethylsilox-ane-coated fiber (PDMS), were evaluated here. The effects of stirring and the addition of NaCl to the sample were examined for the polyacrylate-coated fiber. The precision of the technique was examined for all three fibers and the extraction kinetics were investigated using the XAD- and polyacrylate-coated fibers. With some exceptions, the XAD- and polyacrylate-coated fibers performed better than the PDMS-coated fiber. The superiority of the XAD-nd polyacrylate-coated fiber. The superiority of the XAD- and polyacrylate-coated fibers over the PDMS-coated fibers can be attribuibuted to the aromatic functionalities of the XAD and the polar functionalities in the polyacrylate. The relatively high percent RSDs indicate that the SPME technique needs to be further refined before it can be used for anything other than screening. A more effective form of agitation than mechanical stirring may be neccessary to reduce variability and achieve a faster equilibrium between the sample and the SPME fiber. 相似文献
63.
Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Soil by MMSPD-GC-NPD and Confirmation by GC-MS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A novel method, modified matrix solid-phase dispersion (MMSPD), has been developed for quantitative analysis of organophosphorus
pesticide residues in soil. It was based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and continuous liquid-solid extraction (continuous
LSE), using Florisil as sorbent and dichloromethane as the recycling solvent. Two soils with different texture and physicochemical
properties were studied to validate the method. The effect of residence time of pesticides in soil was also studied. MMSPD
was compared with MSPD and continuous LSE respectively. Determination was carried out by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus
detection (GC-NPD). The method gave recoveries ranging from 72–105% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 15%
for the pesticides studied. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 ng g−1. Two pesticide residues have been detected in real soil samples from Fujian, China, using MMSPD. The pesticides were confirmed
by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in a selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode.
Revised: 4 and 9 April 2006 相似文献
64.
Stationary phase properties of the organic molten salt ethylpyridinium bromide in gas chromatography
Summary The organic molten salt, 1-ethylpyridinium bromide, is suitable for use as a stationary phase in gas chromatography. It has a usable liquid temperature range of 110 to 160°C. It undergoes a single phase transition at 110°C which corresponds to the bulk melting point. Below the melting point the phase may be used as a selective adsorbent, although column efficiency and peak symmetry deteriorate as the temperature is lowered from the melting point. Above the melting point, ethylpyridinium bromide can be used to separate a wide variety of organic compounds retaining strongly those compounds possessing large dipole or hydrogen bonding functional groups. 相似文献
65.
Band broadening in capillary columns is satisfactorily described by the Golay-equation extended to situations of appreciable pressure drop by Giddings. In practice, however, several simplifications are often made. The effect of these simplifications on the calculated values of the minimum plate height and optimum carrier gas velocity are treated systematically. 相似文献
66.
Dimitrakakis E Haberhauer-Troyer C Abe Y Ochsenkühn-Petropoulou M Rosenberg E 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2004,379(5-6):842-848
The use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatography coupled to microwave-induced plasma atomic-emission detection (GC–MIP-AED) is described for selenite [Se(IV)] speciation. Aqueous standards were derivatised with sodium tetraethyl- or tetrapropylborate and extracted by SPME. Headspace extraction of the ethyl and propyl derivatives was studied. Relevant experimental conditions were optimised, including conditions for derivatisation and extraction and those of gas chromatographic analysis. The limits of detection achieved for headspace sampling of derivatised Se(IV) were in the low ng mL–1 range for both ethylation and propylation. When the method was applied to analysis of selenite in selenised yeast reference material results were in good agreement with the indicated values. 相似文献
67.
68.
T. A. Gough 《Chromatographia》1979,12(4):195-196
Summary Several detectors which have a selective response toward nitrogen containing compounds are discussed. Data on sensitivities,
detection limits and reproducibility of response are given. The application of chemiluminescence to provide a nitrogen selective
GC detector is proposed. 相似文献
69.
The stoichiometric pK
1
*
and pK
2
*
for the ionization of sulfurous acid has been determined from emf measurements in NaCl solutions with varying concentrations of added MgCl2 (m=0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) from I=0.5 to 6.0 molal at 25°C. These experimental results have been treated using both the ion pairing and Pitzer's specific ion-interaction models. The Pitzer parameters for the interaction of Mg2+ with SO2 and HSO
3
–
yielded =0.085±0.004, (0) = 0.35±0.02, (1) = 1.2±0.04, and C = –0.072±0.007. The Pitzer parameters (0) = –2.8±0.4, (1) = 12.9±2.9 and (2) = –2071±57 have been determined for the interactions of Mg2+ with SO
3
2–
. The calculated values of pK
1
*
and pK
2
*
using Pitzer's equations reproduce the measured values to within ±0.04 pK units. The ion pairing model with log KMgSO3=2.36±0.02 and logMgSO3 = 0.1021, reproduces the experimental values of pK
2
*
to ±0.01. These results demonstrate that treating the data by considering the formation of MgSO3 yields a better fit of the experimental measurements with fewer adjustable parameters. With these derived coefficients obtained from the Pitzer equations and the ion pairing model, it is possible to make reliable estimates of the activity coefficients of HSO
3
–
and SO
3
2–
in seawater, brines and marine aerosols containing Mg2+ ions. 相似文献
70.
Th. Ramdahl J. Arey B. Zielinska R. Atkinson A. M. Winer 《Journal of separation science》1986,9(9):515-517
This paper reports the retention indices of eighteen of the possible twenty-five dinitrofluoranthene isomers. 相似文献