温度和压力对六氟二酐型聚酰亚胺的透气性能的影响

本文研究了温度和压力对五种六氟二酐（６ＦＤＡ）型聚酰亚胺膜对Ｈ_２、ＣＯ_２、Ｏ_２、Ｎ_２和ＣＨ_４五种气体透过性能的影响．在３０－１００℃区间，五种聚酰亚胺的透气系数与温度的关系均符合Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ关系式；在０．３－１．２ＭＰａ区间，压力对透气系数的影响很小．６ＦＤＡ－４，４＇－二氨基二苯酮（ＤＡＢＰ）和６ＦＤＡ－３，３＇－二甲基二苯甲烷二胺（ＤＭＭＤＡ）在１００℃仍然具有较大的透气选择系数，是比较好的气体分离膜材料．     

Gas chromatography of halogens

Summary The semi-empirical theory on the retention volume in gas chromatography recently developed by some experiments, was found to require partial correction. It was newly refined and summarized. Overall experimental checking was performed by the use of Cl₂, Br₂, and I₂.

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Gas-Chromatographie von Halogenen

Zusammenfassung Die halbempirische Theorie über das Retentionsvolumen in der Gas-Chromatographie, die kürzlich an Hand einiger Versuche entwickelt wurde, erforderte eine teilweise Korrektur. Sie wurde verbessert und zusammenfassend dargestellt. Kontrollversuche wurden mit Hilfe von Chlor, Brom und Jod durchgeführt.

     

Gas chromatographic method for studying the rate of photodegradation of some nitrogen-containing pesticides

Summary The photodegradation behaviour of 12 nitrogen-containing herbicides (atrazine, cyanazine, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, EPTC, buthylate, molinate, cycloate, vernolate, fenuron, chloroxuron, and methabenzthiazuron) has been examined. The compounds were degraded completely when exposed to a mercury-vapour lamp; the degradation process was followed by consecutive GC measurements. All the compounds studied had measurable photochemical activity, although actual and average degradation rates varied significantly. All the compounds except terbutryn furnished more than one major degradation product, in different ratios. Presented at Balaton Symposium '01 on High-Performance Separation Methods, Siófok, Hungary, September 2–4, 2001     

Preparation of apolar glass capillary columns by the barium carbonate procedure

As an extension of previous reports, the barium carbonate procedure has been optimized in detail for the preparation of apolar columns. The aim was to produce optimum overall column characteristics, and to maintain them unchanged under the prolonged influence of the highest possible temperature. The main parameters under optimization were glass variety, leaching of glass surface with aqueous HCl, and amount of barium carbonate deposited, while deactivation and coating were kept constant. The basic column characteristics were adsorption properties and thermostability of deactivation, acid/base behaviour and separation efficiency. They were determined by a new, quantitative testing procedure. Intense leaching was able to eliminate almost totally the differences between glass varieties and to create a well-defined glass surface. While untreated glass, leached glass, and barium carbonate treated glass showed specific weak points in the respective column quality, the combination of leaching and barium carbonate treatment yielded the highest and most stable quality. Some technical modifications of the preparation procedure are described, including deactivation in the gas phase, and use of pentane as a solvent for static coating.     

Prediction of the net retention volumes in gas chromatography using porous polymers coated with different stationary phases

Summary A new expression which permits the prediction of the net retention volumes in gas chromatography with column packings of coated porous polymers is reported. The porous polymers Chromosorb 101 and Chromosorb 102 were used as supports and squalane, Ethofat and Carbowax 20M as stationary phases at three different column temperatures of 80°C, 100°C and 150°C. Several organic compounds of various polarity were used as test compounds and the net retention volumes, V_Ntheor, have been calculated according to this new expression. The V_Ntheor values were compared with the experimental net retention volumes, V_Nexp, and it was found that the difference between these two values is dependent on the type of compound and column packing. Nevertheless, the elution order could be predicted in most cases.     

Electron capture detector response to low electron affinity aromatic hydrocarbons using positive ion stabilization and alkyl chloride sensitization

The electron capture detector (ECD) response to numerous aromatic hydrocarbons of low electron affinity (EA) is shown to be detrimentally affected by two processes which compete with and typically overwhelm the electron capture reactions of these molecules. It is shown that the effects of these two undesired reactions can be eliminated by the permanent addition of trimethylamine and one of several alkyl monochlorides to the detector make-up gas. These modifications of the detector gas result in greatly increased sensitivity, increased linearity, and increased reproducibility of response. A kinetic model for the ECD responses of low EA resonance capture molecules is developed which appears to explain these improvements.     

乙基乙酰胺热解反应机理的MO研究

对于烷基乙酰胺的初始热解反应机理, 通常认为与酯类的热解反应相类似。Maccoll和Nagra通过对该热解反应的动力学研究, 认为两者存在不同。差异之一, 烷基乙酰胺存在两种可能的热解途径【参见本文(129页)前述反应方程(1),(2)】。而在酯类热解反应中(2)的活化能过高, 且四元环过渡态极不稳定。差异之二, 极性溶剂(比如乙酸)对酰胺热解反应的催化作用不明显, 而对酯类等气相热解反应的催化作用是十分显著的。为此, 我们用MINDO/3分子轨道法对乙基乙酰胺的初始热解反应进行了较全面的研究。用能量梯度法对此反应的反应物、中间体和生成物的平衡几何构型进行了全优化。(如图1所示)用极小能量途径法分别寻找反应(1)和反应(2)的初始过渡态, 继而用Powell法全优化过渡态的几何构型, 计算所得的过渡态TS1、TS2和TS3分别见图2a, 图3a和图4a。为了确证这些过渡态, 进行了振动分析研究, 结果表明这些过渡态的力常数矩阵的诸本征值中均只有一个负值, 且虚振动模式展示了走向各自的反应物和生成物的趋势, (如图2b,图3b和图4b所示)。它们的总能量及反应(1)和反应(2)的活化能列于表1. 对整个热解反应(1)作了内禀反应坐标(IRC)理论分析, 反应历程见图5所示. 与IRC相应的总能偶极矩以及部分关键的键长和原子净电荷变化一并列于表2.本文研究结果表明, 在乙基乙酰胺的初始反应中主反应即反应(1)与酯类反应相类似, ...     

Interfacial tension and fluorine evolution on a carbon anode

During electrolysis of molten KF-2HF, strongly adherent fluorine bubbles are generated at the surface of carbon anode. The current was passing even if the horizontal anode was fully covered with gas film. The formation and growth of gas bubbles were studied by transient electrochemical techniques. It was observed that the fluorine bubbles do not have the spherical cap shape predicted by the classical theory. The curvature radius of the interface profile is not constant, the edge of the bubble being flat with a contact angle close to zero. The results are interpreted in the frame of a model which takes into account the predominant role of the interfacial properties.     

Comprehensive gas chromatography of high-boiling halogenated compounds

Summary Comprehensive gas chromatography is an excellent technique for separating complex mixtures. If, however high-boiling compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls have to be analysed, proper adjustiment of the temperature of the modulator turns out to be very important in maintaining the performance of the system. It is shown that miniaturisation of the column-to-modulator coupling, adequate selection of the modulating conditions and, for halogenated compound mixtures, the use of a micro electron-capture detector, can solve experimental problems previously encountered with high boilers.     

Fused silica capillary micro-packed columns in gas chromatography

Summary Flexibility, strength and adsorption inertness of fused-silica capillaries permits their extensive application for the preparation of micro-packed columns in gas chromatography. Decreasing the column diameter (from 0.5 to 0.15 mm) and the diameter of the sorbent particles (from 100 to 5 μm) results in a marked reduction of the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP), as well as in diminishing the dependence of the HETP on the carrier gas flow rate. The chromatographic characteristics of fused-silica capillary micro-packed columns and open-tubular columns are compared. The fused-silica capillary micro-packed column can be used to advantage for performing rapid and trace analyses and have been shown to be adapted for application in gas-solid chromatography. Separation of organic and inorganic compounds on fused-silica capillary micro-packed columns is illustrated by practical examples. Presented at the 15th International Symposium on Chromatography, Nürnberg, October 1984