Improved Method of Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Ganoderic Acids from Ganoderma Lucidum

A rapid and efficient method is described for the extraction of ganoderic acids from Ganodemia lucidum by means of a small Sep-Pak C₁₈ cartridge. The application of high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the chemical compositions of strains of Ganoderma lucidum is also reported.     

并行捕集柱SFE-HPLC在线联用系统的构建及应用

在前期研究的基础上, 发展了采用自动十通阀/并行捕集柱接口构建了SFE和HPLC在线联用的新装置, 并利用该系统对灵芝子实体的超临界萃取过程进行实时监测.     

灵芝多糖的结构分析

从灵芝菌丝和子实体热水提取液中分离和纯化得到两种多糖，凝胶过滤导析测得分了量分别为３．７×１０＾４和４．２×１０＾４。气相色谱分析表明菌丝体多糖含Ｄ－葡萄糖，Ｄ－半乳糖，Ｄ－甘露糖，Ｄ－木糖，Ｌ－岩藻糖，Ｌ－鼠李糖，其摩尔比为５．３５：２．６７：１．００：１．１９：０．３８：０．３７；子实体多糖含Ｄ－葡萄糖，Ｄ－半乳糖，Ｄ－甘露糖，Ｄ－木糖，Ｌ－阿拉伯糖，Ｌ－鼠李糖，其摩尔比为５．８２：２．２３；     

CHARACTERIZATION OF MOLECULAR MASS OF SIX WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDE -PROTEIN COMPLEXES FROM GANODERMA TSUGAE MYCELIUM

Six water-soluble polysaccharide-protein complexes coded as GM1, GM2, GM3, GM4, GM5 and GM6 wereisolated from the mycelium of Ganoderma tsugae by extracting with 0.2 mol/L phosphate buffer solution at 25, 40 and80℃, water at 120℃, 0.5 mol/L aqueous NaOH solution at 25 and 65℃, consecutively. Their chemical components wereanalyzed by using IR, GC, HPLC and ~(13)C-NMR, and some new results were obtained. The four samples GM1, GM2, GM3and GM4 are heteropolysaccharide-prote in complexes, in which, α- (1→3) linked D-glucose is the major monosaccharidewhile galactose, mannose and ribose are the secondary ones. GM5 and GM6 are β-(1→3)-D-glucan-protein complexes. Theprotein content increased from 32% to 69% with the progress of isolation. Weight-average molecu1ar mass M_w and theintrinsic viscosity [η] of the GM samples in 0.5 mol/L aqueous NaCl solution at 25℃ were measured systematically by laserlight scartering (LLS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) combined with LLS, and viscometry. The M_w of GM1 to GM6are 35.5, 46.8, 58.9, 41.6, 3.3 and 22.0×10~4, respectively. The conformation and molecular mass of the two fractions of sample GM5 were characterized satisfactorily by SEC-LLS without further fractionation.     

灵芝多糖含量的红外光谱预测模型研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)测定不同等级贵州灵芝的傅里叶变换红外光谱,选择最佳的敏感波段组合构造吸光度变量,分析了吸光度变量与灵芝多糖含量的相关性,建立灵芝多糖含量的红外光谱预测模型并进行检验。结果表明:不同等级灵芝的红外光谱图基本相似,峰形相同;所选定的吸光度变量与灵芝多糖含量之间显著相关,灵芝多糖含量的预测模型及其检验结果的拟合度均达到显著水平,这说明可用红外光谱法来预测灵芝多糖含量。     

灵芝红外光谱的特征峰研究

利用红外光谱法及双指标序列法对不同产地和不同品种灵芝进行红外光谱的特征峰研究,结果表明：不同产地和不同品种的绝大多数灵芝红外光谱具有相似的特征峰, 其共有峰率可达到91.67%以上,但菌丝体品种其共有峰率达到52.94%～58.82%之间,变异峰率可达29.41%～66.67%之间,主要变异峰在指纹图谱区域1 460.9～1 423.7 cm-1之间出现阶梯峰。灵芝红外光谱明显的特征峰主要显示为多糖的特征峰型并伴有蛋白质谱带。在3 377.8～3 396.5 cm-1处有明显的宽而强的吸收峰, 在2 924.2～2 925.1 cm-1有小肩峰, 在1 635.8～1 650.3 cm-1处有中等强度的吸收峰, 在1 372.5～1 375.2 cm-1处有中等强度的吸收峰, 在1 074.8～1 075.3和1 043.2～1 045.2 cm-1处有很强的吸收分叉尖峰, 在指纹图谱区域891.0～894.8 cm-1处有明显的弱峰。在指纹图谱区域563.10～574.7 cm-1有中等强度的吸收峰。     

Lucidumol D,a new lanostane-type triterpene from fruiting bodies of Reishi (Ganoderma lingzhi)

A new lanostane-type triterpenoid, lucidumol D (1) was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lingzhi. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR studies as well as mass spectrometry. The cytotoxicity of lucidumol D against proliferation of several cancer cells were assayed by using MTT method and the obtained result suggested selective anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects against MCF-7, HepG2, HeLa, Caco-2, and HCT-116. In comparison to lucidumol C (2) isolated previously by our group, the structure-activity relationship indicated that carbonyl function at C-11 is necessary to enhance the cytotoxicity.     

Supplementation of Methionine Enhanced the Ergothioneine Accumulation in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ganoderma neo-japonicum</Emphasis> Mycelia

The methods for increasing the production of ergothioneine (ERG) were investigated by using the mycelial culture of several mushroom species, primarily Ganoderma neo-japonicum. We first found that ERG was accumulated at the different levels in mycelia and fruiting bodies, respectively, depending on the mushroom species. As a result of adding various amino acids to the mycelial culture medium, methionine (Met) was shown to be the most effective additive. The most preferable condition of the additive was the combination of 4 mM Met and 1 g/l of yeast extract, and the maximum ERG production reached approximately 1.7 mg/l, which corresponds to 2.4 times (0.7 mg/l) that in the basal medium without Met. Although the supplementation of Met enhanced the ERG production, the mycelial growth was significantly inhibited. Furthermore, the analysis of amino acids in the culture medium revealed that the Met additive reduced the consumption rates of most amino acids tested, probably due to the decrease in mycelial growth. Taking these results into consideration, we suggest that the addition of Met to the mycelial culture medium is an efficient way to enhance the ERG production in economically important mushroom species.     

Secoiridoid Constituents from the Fruits of Ligustrum lucidum

Four new secoiridiod glucosides, p‐hydroxyphenethyl 7‐β‐D ‐glucosideelenolic acid ester ( 1 ), 6′‐elenolylnicotiflorine ( 2 ), 6′′′‐acetylnicotiflorine ( 3 ), and oleoside 7‐ethyl 11‐methyl ester ( 4 ), as well as six known glucosides, nuezhenide ( 5 ), Gl‐3 ( 6 ), nicotiflorine ( 7 ), isonuezhenide ( 8 ), neonuezhenide ( 9 ), and oleoside 11‐methyl ester ( 10 ) were isolated from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Compound 4 was an artifact produced during extraction.     

黑灵芝中微量元素的形态分布

研究黑灵芝中微量元素含量及溶出特性对黑灵芝质量控制、灵芝产品的合理开发利用有重要作用。用ICP-MS法同时测定黑灵芝中十余种微量元素的初级形态含量及分布,考察了黑灵芝中微量元素在不同极性溶剂中的浸出率,并通过国家一级标准物质验证了分析结果的准确性。结果表明,随着溶剂极性增大,大部分元素的溶出率增大。水提取黑灵芝,铜、锰、铁、锌等元素的提取率均小于40％,对黑灵芝样品进行了加标回收试验,回收率在88．2％～110．6%。