Reactive oxygen species are involved in lysophosphatidic acid-induced apoptosis in rat cerebellar granule cells

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induced apoptosis in primary rat cerebellar granule cells, which was characterized morphologically by chromatin condensation and the formation of apoptotic bodies. With redox-sensitive fluorescence probes DCFH-DA and DHR123, the formation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside cells during the apoptosis process was monitored by laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM). Pretreatment with the antioxidant tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) could effectively inhibit the formation of endogenous ROS and protect neurons from apoptosis. The results suggest that ROS might be involved in LPA-induced apoptosis in neurons.     

荧光光谱成像法在板蓝根颗粒质量评价的应用研究

板蓝根颗粒的质量直接影响其疗效,选择一种有效的板蓝根颗粒质量检测方法至关重要。传统的检测方法需要对板蓝根样品进行化学预处理,是一种对样品有损的检测方法。为解决这一问题,采用了一种安装液晶滤波器件的荧光光谱成像实验装置对板蓝根样品的荧光光谱特性进行测试,以中国食品药品检定研究院提供的板蓝根标准物质的光谱曲线作为对照品,通过获得不同原材料、不同厂家和不同批次的板蓝根颗粒的荧光特征光谱曲线,并对其进行归一化处理后,与对照品的荧光光谱特征曲线进行对比分析及聚类分析,从整体上探讨了荧光光谱特征曲线与板蓝根颗粒质量的关系。实验结果显示,不同厂家生产的颗粒之间质量存在较大差异,主要体现在荧光的强弱和波峰位置的变化上,通过与标准物质的光谱曲线做进一步对比,可初步判断板蓝根颗粒质量的优劣。这表明了采用荧光光谱成像的方法对板蓝根质量进行检测是一种简便、快捷、无损的检测手段。     

Binary collision approximation for solitary waves in a Y-shaped granular chain

We implement a binary collision approximation to study solitary wave propagation in a two-dimensional double Y-shaped granular chain. The solitary wave was transmitted and reflected when it met the interface of the bifurcated branches of the Y-shaped granular chains. We obtain the analytic results of the ratios of the transmitted and reflected speeds to the incident speed of the solitary wave, the maximum force between the two neighbor beads in a solitary wave, and the total time taken by the pulse to pass through each branch. All of the analytic results are in good agreement with the experimental observations from Daraio et al. [Phys. Rev. E 82 036603 (2010)]. Moreover, we also discuss the delay effects on the arrival of split pulses, and predict the recombination of the split waves traveling in branches in the final stem of asymmetric systems. The prediction of pulse recombination is verified by our numerical results.     

干凝胶炉法制备聚苯乙烯空心微球

研究了一步乳化法制备初始粒子的过程中相比及搅拌强度对初始粒子直径的影响 ,初步探讨了干凝胶炉内成球过程中 ,炉温、炉内气氛、压力等对聚苯乙烯 (PS)空心微球产率及同心度的影响。以分子量为 2 2万的聚苯乙烯制得了直径在 70～ 550μm的初始粒子 ,经乙醇浸泡后 ,制得了含 2 %质量分数发泡剂的干凝胶粒子 ,并在 Polymer-70 0干凝胶炉上制备出了外直径为 4 0 0～ 90 0 μm、壁厚为 2～1 0 μm、同心度≥ 95%的     

Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of oxymatrine and matrine in beagle dog plasma after oral administration of Kushen formula granule, oxymatrine and matrine by LC-MS/MS

A rapid, specific and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of oxymatrine (OMT) and matrine (MT) in beagle dog plasma. The method was applied to study the pharmacokinetics of OMT and MT after oral administration of OMT, MT and Kushen formula granule (KFG) containing equivalent amounts of OMT and MT in a three-period crossover design. The analysis was carried out on an Acquity UPLC BEH C(18) column by linear gradient elution with 0.01% acetic acid-water-methanol as mobile phase. Detection was by positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry with multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM). Linear calibration curves were both obtained over the concentration range 15-2000 ng/mL, with a limit of quantification of 15 ng/mL. The matrix effect was minimized. The intra- and inter-day precisions (RSDs) were less than 12.4 and 14.7%, respectively, and the accuracy (RE) was from -2.1 to 2.7%. The validated method was used to determine the concentration-time profiles of OMT and MT. The results indicated that the absorption of OMT and MT after oral administration of KFG was significantly greater than that after oral administration of pure components.     

Simultaneous determination of multiple constituents,serum composition,and tissue distribution of Qingshen granule using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry

Qingshen granule, composed of 14 herbal drugs, is primarily used as the assistant therapy for chronic kidney disease. Qingshen granule chemical composition was complex, but its chemical constituents and the pharmacodynamic material basis remain unreported. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied to recognize the chemical constituents of Qingshen granule. The analysis was performed using the ACQUITY UHPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The data were collected using heated electrospray ionization in positive and negative ion modes. This study successfully applied the UPHLC-quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry technique with the Compound Discoverer 3.3 platform to analyze Qingshen granule chemical composition. A total of 127 and 42 chemical components were identified in Qingshen granule in vitro and in vivo, respectively. In the tissue distribution of Qingshen granule, 9, 10, 11, 10, and 18 prototype components were detected in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys, respectively. Qingshen granule chemical constituents were characterized rapidly for the first time in this study, laying a foundation for further research on the substance basis and quality control of Qingshen granule in treating chronic kidney disease.     

Systematic characterization of components of Makyo-kanseki-to granule and serum metabolomics for exploring its protective mechanism against acute lung injury in lipopolysaccharide-induced rats

Makyo-kanseki-to has been used for the treatment of pneumonia, becoming a basic formula for coronavirus disease 2019. However, the chemical profile of Makyo-kanseki-to granule and its possible mechanism against acute lung injury from terminal metabolic regulation have been unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize the constituents in Makyo-kanseki-to granule and reveal the potential related mechanism of Makyo-kanseki-to granule treatment for acute lung injury using a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Totally, 78 constituents were characterized based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Makyo-kanseki-to granule could alleviate acute lung injury through modulating rectal temperature, pulmonary edema, histopathology, and processes of inflammatory and oxidative stress. Twenty-two potential biomarkers in acute lung injury rats were identified by metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole exactive high-field mass spectrometry. They were mainly involved in amino acids and glycerophospholipid metabolism, which were regulated by Makyo-kanseki-to granule. The present results not only increase the understanding of the chemical profile and molecular mechanism of Makyo-kanseki-to granule mediated protection against acute lung injury but also provide an experimental basis and new ideas for further development and clinical application of Makyo-kanseki-to granule.     

高效毛细管电泳法测定麦当乳通颗粒剂中阿魏酸

提出了用高效毛细管区带电泳法(CZE)测定中成药麦当乳通颗粒中阿魏酸含量的方法.电泳分离在控温18 ℃的无表面涂层的熔质石英毛细管中进行.以12.5 mmol·L-1硼砂缓冲液(pH 8.20)为运行缓冲溶液,压力进样(6kPa×3 s),检测波长为200 nm.在1～52 mg·L-1质量浓度范围内呈线性(r=0.999 9),回收率为98.77%,RSD为1.9%,日内和日间的相对标准偏差分别为1.9%和1.6%.