Heterogeneity of activated carbons in adsorption of phenols from aqueous solutions—Comparison of experimental isotherm data and simulation predictions

Surface heterogeneity of activated carbons is usually characterized by adsorption energy distribution (AED) functions which can be estimated from the experimental adsorption isotherms by inverting integral equation. The experimental data of phenol adsorption from aqueous solution on activated carbons prepared from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have been taken from literature. AED functions for phenol adsorption, generated by application of regularization method have been verified. The Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation technique has been used as verification tool. The definitive stage of verification was comparison of experimental adsorption data and those obtained by utilization GCMC simulations. Necessary information for performing of simulations has been provided by parameters of AED functions calculated by regularization method.     

H2O在LiH固体表面的吸附与成键

用基于密度泛函理论的局域密度近似平面波超软赝势方法,计算了H2O分子在LiH表面的最佳吸附方式,得到了倾斜吸附的构型,其偏转角为37.85°.由吸附前后的态密度(DOS)图可知,成键主要由LiH的s、p轨道和H2O的sp3轨道杂化而成,成键峰重叠性较强,且峰增宽,有明显的共价成分.其吸附能为-43.2 kJ/mol,为化学吸附.结果显示,H2O分子在LiH表面吸附的吸附性质和构型与实验结果一致,并有形成LiOH的趋势.     

Ni-Mn双金属氧化物微马达用于高效染料吸附

通过水热结合高温退火的方法制备了一种Ni-Mn双金属氧化物微马达,所得Ni-Mn双金属氧化物具有针刺状空心结构,可作为马达材料。该Ni-Mn双金属氧化物微马达在燃料(H₂O₂)质量分数仅为1%时显示出很强的驱动能力,运动速度为83.75μm·s^-1,寿命高于90 min。即使在H₂O₂质量分数低至0.4%时,该马达仍具有优异的自主运动。由于镍氧化物的存在,该马达可通过磁场控制实现定向运动。得益于优异的催化性能和磁性,该Ni₆MnO₈马达可在160 s内有效去除亚甲基蓝,且没有二次污染。     

Pt负载钙钛石催化剂上氧空位对CO氧化的促进作用

采用柠檬酸法制备了LaMnO₃、LaFeO₃、La_0.5Sr_0.5MnO₃、La_0.5Sr_0.5FeO₃,通过负载纳米Pt合成了Pt负载钙钛石催化剂,XRD与IR数据表明合成的催化剂具有钙钛石相,TEM数据表明合成的纳米Pt粒径为~3 nm,均匀分散在钙钛石上。在CO氧化反应中,发现钙钛石的氧化-还原性能是影响其活性的重要因素,因而,Mn系钙钛石表现出较高的CO氧化活性。负载纳米Pt后,Fe系钙钛石则显示出更优异的CO氧化活性,CO完全转化的温度从350 ℃降至120 ℃。吸附实验表明钙钛石上氧空位对促进O₂的吸附起着非常重要的作用,也是影响CO低温氧化的重要因素之一。     

锑烯吸附金属Li原子的密度泛函研究

锑烯(antimonene)是继石墨烯和磷烯之后出现的新型二维材料,在锂离子电池等领域受到关注.本文基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论,计算研究了锑烯对Li原子的吸附特性,包括Li原子的最稳定吸附构型、吸附密度以及吸附Li原子的扩散路径.结果表明:Li原子最稳定的吸附位置位于谷位,即底层Sb原子之上、顶层三个Sb原子中心位置,吸附能为1.69 eV,吸附距离为2.81?;能带计算发现,锑烯为带隙宽度1.08 eV的间接带隙半导体,吸附Li原子后费米能级上升进入导带,呈现出金属性;原子分波态密度分析发现, Sb原子的p电子态和Li原子的p和s电子态形成明显的共振交叠,表现出杂化成键的特征;随着吸附Li原子数量增加,锑烯晶格结构和电子结构发生较大变化.通过微动弹性带方法计算发现, Li原子在锑烯表面的扩散势垒为0.07 eV,较小的势垒高度有利于快速充放电过程.     

C@Fe3O4磁性微孔球的制备及性能研究

利用活性炭良好的吸附性能,在低温碳化的基础上碳球液态造孔剂制备C@Fe3O4磁性微孔球,在磁性碳球表面形成大量微孔结构,磁性Fe3O4核心也能起到快速分离的特点.通过制备C@Fe3O4复合材料并对其形貌性能进行分析研究,C@Fe3O4磁性微孔球复合材料对于水中重金属离子及芳香烃分子的吸附性能较好,可在污水净化处理中得以应用.     

Atom transfer radical polymerization with activators regenerated by electron transfer of acrylonitrile from silica nanoparticles,and adsorption properties of the resin for Hg2+ after amidoximation with hydroxylamine

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was grafted from surfaces of chloro‐modified silica‐gel with their surface chlorines as initiation sites, using an iron (III)‐mediated surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with activators regenerated by electron transfer (SI‐ARGET ATRP) method. The graft reaction exhibits first‐order kinetics with respect to the polymerization time in the low‐monomer‐conversion stage. The conversion of monomer (C%) and the percentage of grafting (PG%) increased with increasing of the polymerizing time and reached 23 and 730% after a polymerizing time of 24 hr, respectively. Hydroxylamine (NH₂OH·HCl) was used to modify the cyano groups of SG‐g‐PAN to obtain amidoxime (AO) groups. The AO SG‐g‐PAN was used to remove Hg²⁺. The adsorption kinetics indicated that the pseudo‐second‐order model was more suitable to describe the adsorption kinetics of AO SG‐g‐PAN for Hg²⁺. The adsorption isotherms demonstrated that Langmuir model was much better than Freundlich model to describe the isothermal process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ionic Liquids Supported on Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Remarkable Adsorbents for Adsorptive Desulfurization

Acidic ionic‐liquids (IL) supported on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been shown to be beneficial for adsorptive desulfurization. A remarkable improvement in the adsorption capacity (ca. 71%) was observed in for ILs supported on MIL‐101 compared with virgin MIL‐101. The improved adsorptive performance might be explained by the acid–base interactions between the acidic ionic liquid and basic benzothiophene (BT). Moreover, from this study, it can be suggested that porous MOFs, supported with ionic liquids, may introduce a new class of highly porous adsorbents for the efficient adsorption of various compounds.     

Study on the Relationship between Emulsion Properties and Interfacial Rheology of Sugar Beet Pectin Modified by Different Enzymes

The contribution of rheological properties and viscoelasticity of the interfacial adsorbed layer to the emulsification mechanism of enzymatic modified sugar beet pectin (SBP) was studied. The component content of each enzymatic modified pectin was lower than that of untreated SBP. Protein and ferulic acid decreased from 5.52% and 1.08% to 0.54% and 0.13%, respectively, resulting in a decrease in thermal stability, apparent viscosity, and molecular weight (Mw). The dynamic interfacial rheological properties showed that the interfacial pressure and modulus (E) decreased significantly with the decrease of functional groups (especially proteins), which also led to the bimodal distribution of particle size. These results indicated that the superior emulsification property of SBP is mainly determined by proteins, followed by ferulic acid, and the existence of other functional groups also promotes the emulsification property of SBP.     

磁性壳聚糖去除水中腐殖酸的研究

采用高温水热法合成了磁性壳聚糖,并研究了其对水中腐殖酸(HA)的吸附、脱附行为。表征结果表明,磁性壳聚糖粒径大小为200～300nm,氨基含量1.29mmol·g-1,BET比表面积36.00m2·g-1,饱和磁化强度为38.78emu·g-1,易于磁性分离。HA在磁性壳聚糖上的吸附等温线可用Freundlich方程模拟,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程。HA的吸附量随溶液pH值的升高而降低,随不同阳离子浓度增加而增加,不同类型的阳离子对HA吸附效果影响的大小顺序为:Ca2+Mg2+Na+K+。经5个脱附再生循环,磁性壳聚糖仍能保持79.8%的吸附量,表明该吸附剂再生性好,可循环使用。