New Information About Natural Gases of Alkaline Massifs

Abstract

The use of gas-geochemical study results for decisions of various problems of mining and geological character was shown by example of the alkaline nepheline syenite massifs in the eastern part of Baltic Shield. Two principal morphologic types of gases (freely evolved and occiuded or microincluded) are known in the considered rocks. The gas composition is: hydrogen-hydrocarbons, mixed with He, N₂, sometimes CO, and CO₂. Discovering gas zoning, relative time of generation and space distribution regularities of gases concerning ore deposits assume the participation of reduced fluids and postmagmatic processes in the formation of certain ores, the origin of which was considered magmatic. In some cases gas-geochemical peculiarities of rock and minerals can be employed in the capacity of indicators of ore mineralization in search works. However studies of gases (compositions, distribution, release conditions and intensity) have most practical significance for guarantee of ore deposits gas-safe exploitation. It is suggested to use the detected relationships of gas-geochemical, gas-dynamic and tectonophysic parameters for the evaluation of rock stress level and forecasting of mining shocks.     

Non-linear extended thermodynamics of real gases with 6 fields

We establish extended thermodynamics (ET) of real gases with 6 independent fields, i.e., the mass density, the velocity, the temperature and the dynamic pressure, without adopting the near-equilibrium approximation. We prove its compatibility with the universal principles (the entropy principle, the Galilean invariance and the stability), and obtain the symmetric hyperbolic system with respect to the main field. In near-equilibrium we recover the previous results. The correspondence between the ET 6-field theory and Meixner׳s theory of relaxation processes is discovered. The internal variable and the non-equilibrium temperature in Meixner׳s theory are expressed in terms of the quantities of the ET 6-field theory, in particular, the dynamic pressure. As an example, we present the cases of a rarefied polyatomic gas and study the monatomic-gas limit where the system converges to the Euler system of a perfect fluid.     

Kurze Originalmitteilungen Ein Ausfschlußverfahren für die massenspektrometrische Isotopenanalyse am stickstoff aus in Gesteinen okkludierten Gasen

Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes von Radiotracermethoden bei der Optimierung analytischer Verfahren zur quantitativen Bestimmung des Pflanzenschutzmittels Dimethoat werden am Beispiel der Überprüfung eines Extraktionstrennungsgangs bei der titrimetrischen Dimethoatbestimmung aufgezeigt.

Zur Gehaltsbestimmung von Wirkstoffproben unterschiedlicher Herkunft wird ein auf dem Prinzip der Isotopenverdünnungs-analyse beruhendes Verfahren entwickelt und vorgestellt, das bei einfacher Durchführbarkeit und guter Reproduzierbarkeit der erhaltenen Ergebnisse u. a. als Schiedsverfahren bei Analysevergleichen empfohlen werden kann.     

Theoric eines modifizierten Rayleigh- Verfahrens zur Bestimmung elementarer Isotopentrennfaktoren von Lösliehkeitsgleichgewiehten

Ein modifiziertes Rayleigh-Verfahren zur Istopenanreicherung gelöster Gase wird theoretisch untersucht. Es werden Gleichungen entwickelt, die es gestatten, den elementaren Isotopentrennfaktor eines mehrkomponentensystems, auch für höhere Drūcke, aus experimentellen Anreicherungsdaten der Gasphase zu bestimmen. Vereinfachte Formeln werden mit ihren Spezialfällen und Näherungen diskutiert.     

Direct simulation of fluid flow with cellular automata and the lattice-Boltzmann equation

With the invention of the Hexagonal Lattice Gas it was hoped that this new technique would facilitate direct simulation of turbulent flow. In the past years, however, we have learned about its barriers on numerical accuracy and computational efficiency, which cannot easily be taken. The work on lattice gases has evolved in the introduction of the lattice-Boltzmann scheme. With the appropriate refinements this scheme provides the essential balance between robustness and numerical accuracy and enables us to simulate three-dimensional time-dependent flows at Reynolds numbers up to 50000.     

Analysis of the squeezing flow of dusty fluids

The current investigation deals with the study of the effect of introducing a small fraction of dust, by volume, to the fluid in a squeeze film on the viscous resistance to a steady moving disc. Expressions are obtained for the fluid-phase and the dust-phase velocity distributions and the dust particle number density. Analysis based on an iterative procedure indicates that the resistance to motion experienced by the moving disc increases due to the presence of dust.Nomenclature A arbitrary function of integration - B bulk concentration - F resistance to motion experienced by the disc (dusty fluid case) - F _c resistance to motion experienced by the disc (clean fluid case) - F* difference in resistance between the clean fluid and dusty fluid films - f mass concentration - h thickness of the squeeze film - K Stokes coefficient of resistance - m mass of a single dust particle - fluid viscosity coefficient - N dust particles number density - N ₀ dust particles number density at r=R - n iteration level - p fluid pressure in the squeeze film - P pressure in the surrounding - R radius of the disc - fluid density - (r, , y) cylindrical coordinates - t time - U fluid-phase velocity vector - V dust-phase velocity vector - ₁ fluid-phase radial velocity component - U ₂ dust-phase radial velocity component     

Mixing of hot gases in an axisymmetric channel with a pre-swirled flow

The problem of the mixing of hot turbulent gases in an axisymmetric channel with a lateral surface of arbitrary shape and a pre-swirled flow is considered. The flowfields and the temperature and concentration distributions are calculated for various inlet conditions.     

焙烧温度对Ni-Mg基蜂窝状催化剂生物燃气重整调变性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Ni、Mg双金属负载在堇青石表面形成的蜂窝状催化剂,研究了焙烧温度对催化剂结构和生物质粗燃气重整反应性能的影响.结果表明,在不同焙烧温度下主要有NiO和NiMgO₂固溶体物相生成.相比于其他焙烧温度,催化剂在650 ℃焙烧温度下更有利于镍活性金属位的分散和活性位数量的增加.在干重整反应条件下,CH₄、CO₂的转化率以及H₂、CO产率随焙烧温度的升高呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,在650 ℃焙烧温度下达到最高.在水蒸气重整反应条件下主要发生烃类产物与H₂O和CO₂的重整反应以及水煤气变换反应,焙烧温度的升高有利于水煤气反应的进行.此外,焙烧温度对于干重整反应条件下的H₂/CO体积比调节影响较小,而对于水蒸气重整反应条件下的H₂/CO体积比可进行选择性调节.     

THERMAL REACTIONS IN SYNTHETIC APATITE–AMMONIUM SULFATE MIXTURE

The thermal reactions in the mixtures of hydroxylapatite or fluorapatite and (NH₄)₂SO₄up to 500°C were studied with the purpose of elaborating the conditions of obtaining calcium–ammonium cyclophosphate that could be used as fertilizer. Thermal analysis with a simultaneous FTIR analysis of the evolved gases as well as the analyses of chemical and phase composition of solid products were performed. The thermal changes in the mixtures could be divided into three steps: (1) decomposition of (NH₄)₂SO₄and reactions of apatite with these products at 250–420°C, (2) calcium ammonium polyphosphate formation at 290–450°C, and (3) reaction of CaSO₄with CaNH₄P₃O₉at 320–500°C. Higher concentrations of NH₃in the gas phase promote the formation of CaNH₄P₃O₉and increase its stability. Calcination at temperatures above 350°C causes decomposition of CaNH₄P₃O₉with a decrease in the content of water-soluble phosphorus and evolvement of SO₂.     

Remarkable carbon dioxide catalytic capture (CDCC) leading to solid-form carbon material via a new CVD integrated process (CVD-IP): An alternative route for CO2 sequestration

Through our newly-developed “chemical vapor deposition integrated process (CVD-IP)” using carbon dioxide (CO₂) as the raw material and only carbon source introduced, CO₂ could be catalytically activated and converted to a new solid-form product, i.e., carbon nanotubes (CO₂-derived) at a quite high yield (the single-pass carbon yield in the solid-form carbon-product produced from CO₂ catalytic capture and conversion was more than 30% at a single-pass carbon-base). For comparison, when only pure carbon dioxide was introduced using the conventional CVD method without integrated process, no solid-form carbon-material product could be formed. In the addition of saturated steam at room temperature in the feed for CVD, there were much more end-opening carbon nano-tubes produced, at a slightly higher carbon yield. These inspiring works opened a remarkable and alternative new approach for carbon dioxide catalytic capture to solid-form product, comparing with that of CO₂ sequestration (CCS) or CO₂ mineralization (solidification), etc. As a result, there was much less body volume and almost no greenhouse effect for this solid-form carbon-material than those of primitive carbon dioxide.