Blocking the defect sites on ultrathin Pt nanowires with Rh atoms to optimize the reaction path toward alcohol fuel oxidation

Anodic electrocatalyst plays the co re role in direct alcohol fuel cells(DAFCs),while traditional Pt-catalysts suffer from limited catalytic activity,high over potential and severe CO poisoning.Herein,by selectively depositing Rh atoms on the defective-sites of Pt nanowires(NWs),we developed a new Pt@Rh NW electrocatalyst that exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic performance for both methanol oxidation(MOR)and ethanol oxidation(EOR).Both cyclic voltammetry(CV) and in-situ infrared spectroscopy re...     

Selective hydrogenolysis of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural over Pd/C catalyst to 2,5-dimethylfuran

Several metal supported catalysts were prepared and evaluated for 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (5-HMF) hydrogenolysis to 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) which is a renewable potential fuel additive. Among the prepared catalysts, 3%Pd/C showed excellent performance in terms of complete conversion of 5-HMF along with the highest selectivity of 99% to 2,5-DMF. Detailed physico-chemical characterisation was done in order to understand structure-activity correlation. Uniformly dispersed Pd nanoparticles on activated carbon provided the adsorption surface to enhance the hydrogenation of 5-HMF. Reaction was well optimised and established by extensive study of different reaction parameters like temperature, pressure, reaction time, stirring effect, substrate loading and metal loading.     

New polymer electrolyte membrane for medium-temperature fuel cell applications based on cross-linked polyimide Matrimid and hydrophobic protic ionic liquid

New hydrophobic protic ionic liquid, 2-butylaminoimidazolinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BAIM-TFSI), has been synthesized. The ionic liquid showed good thermal stability to at least 350 °C. The conductivity of BAIM-TFSI determined by electrochemical impedance method was found to be 5.6 × 10^?2 S/cm at 140 °C. Homogeneous composite films based on commercial polyimide (PI) Matrimid and BAIM-TFSI containing 30–60 wt% of ionic liquid were prepared by casting from methylene chloride solutions. Thermogravimetric analysis data indicated an excellent thermal stability of PI/BAIM-TFSI composites and thermal degradation points in the temperature range 377 °C–397 °C. The addition of ionic liquid up to 50 wt% in PI films does not lead to any significant deterioration of the tensile strength of the polymer. The dynamic mechanical analysis results indicated both an increase of storage modulus E′ of PI/BAIM-TFSI composites at room temperature and a significant E′ decrease with temperature compared with the neat polymer. The cross-linking of the PI with polyetheramine Jeffamine D-400 allowed to prepare PI/Jeffamine/BAIM-TFSI (50%) membrane with E′ value of 300 MPa at 130 °C. The ionic conductivity of this cross-linked composite membrane reached the level of 10^?2 S/cm at 130 °C, suggesting, therefore, its potential use in medium-temperature fuel cells operating in water-free conditions.     

碱性介质中葡萄糖在铂电极上的阳极氧化

为了进一步探明葡萄糖在铂电极上的氧化机理,用循环伏安法(CV)在-0.9～0.4 V(相对于饱和甘汞参比电极)内研究了葡萄糖在铂电极上催化氧化行为,首次详细报道了葡萄糖在电化学氧化过程中的电位振荡现象,并用电流扫描法表征了葡萄糖的电位振荡情况.电流扫描结果表明,在较慢的电流扫描速度下,电极过程出现了明显的电位振荡.说明电极上产生了毒化中间物,电位振荡是由于毒化中间物在电极上的吸附和在高电位下氧化除去引起的.     

Synthesis of Some Oil Spill Dispersants Based on Sorbitol Esters and Their Capability to Disperse Crude Oil on Seawater to Alleviate Its Accumulation and Environmental Impact

In this respect mono‐, di‐, and tri‐ sorbitol oleate esters [SMO, SDO, and STO] were prepared and then ethoxylated using ethylene oxide to obtain six sorbitol esters at different ethylene oxide content (e.o=5, 12, 15, 20, 35, and 45). They were tested as oil spill dispersants individually and in blends. From the obtained data, it was found that the blends are more effective than the corresponding individual surfactants. The maximum dispersion capability for the prepared surfactants was obtained at HLB range from 9 to 11 for the both individual surfactants and blends. The increase of total carbon number in the surfactant alkyl group leads to increase dispersion capability of the dispersant. The wide range of ethylene oxide content was used, but the maximum dispersion efficiency was obtained at ethylene oxide=20 in E(20)STO. Meanwhile, the dispersion capability increases when the interfacial tension decreases.     

CoPt纳米空心球甲醇电催化氧化和原位电化学傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

采用化学还原和电位置换法制备了CoPt 纳米空心球, 该催化剂对甲醇氧化表现出较好的电催化活性.透射电镜(TEM)、能量散射光谱(EDS)和电化学循环伏安实验结果表明, 在0.1 mol·L^-1 H₂SO₄+0.1 mol·L^-1CH₃OH中进行测试时, CoPt 纳米空心球发生了去合金化过程, 催化剂表面Co元素溶解, 形成了富Pt 表面, 表现出更好的电催化活性, 同时表现出较好的结构稳定性. 采用原位电化学红外光谱在分子水平研究了CoPt 纳米空心球上甲醇氧化过程, 发现甲醇在CoPt 纳米空心球氧化中间产物主要为CO, 且CO表现出异常红外效应, 与CO为探针分子在CoPt纳米空心球上得到的红外光谱结果一致. 研究结果表明, 去合金化方法是一种有效调节催化剂表面组成和性能的手段, 原位电化学红外光谱是潜在的原位研究有机小分子氧化机理的方法, 在燃料电池中将得到广泛的应用.     

一种用于质子交换膜材料的磺化聚醚醚砜的合成

以发烟硫酸和4,4′-二氯二苯砜为原料,通过磺化反应,制得磺化二氯二苯砜,然后利用亲核缩聚反应,调整磺化单体和非磺化单体的比例,与四甲基联苯二酚进行聚合,制取了系列具有不同磺化度的聚醚醚砜,并对聚合物的结构进行了研究.     

质子交换膜燃料电池零下冷启动研究

在零下启动过程中,质子交换膜燃料电池阴极中氧气还原反应生成的水会在催化剂层内部结冰,因而阻碍氧气传输,覆盖催化剂层反应活性位点,降低电化学活性面积,影响燃料电池发电性能,甚至会导致零下启动失败;同时,结冰/融化循环还会破坏膜电极结构,影响燃料电池寿命。因此,质子交换膜燃料电池零下启动技术的研究对促进燃料电池汽车的推广应用有重要意义。本文针对质子交换膜燃料电池的零下启动过程,从实验研究、机理解释、模型分析及策略开发等角度对文献内容进行了梳理,并对涉及质子交换膜燃料电池零下启动过程的专利技术进行了总结。     

SPES/SiO_2杂化纳米纤维复合质子交换膜的制备与性能

提出了一种利用杂化纳米纤维来制备高性能质子交换膜的方法,首先采用溶液喷射纺丝技术纺制了SPES/Si O2杂化纳米纤维,再通过溶液浸渍法制备了SPES/Si O2/Nafion复合质子交换膜,并研究了其热稳定性、吸水性能、溶胀性能、质子传导性能以及甲醇渗透性能等.结果表明,杂化纳米纤维的引入明显改善了Nafion膜的热性能、尺寸稳定性,并大大提高了其质子传导性能.TG数据表明复合膜的热稳定性相比于Nafion膜得到了极大改善.复合膜溶胀率均比Nafion膜的小,SPES/Si O2/Nafion-5,SPES/Si O2/Nafion-15和SPES/Si O2/Nafion-25在80℃溶胀率仅为14.9%,15.84%和17.2%,但是复合膜的溶胀率随着Si O2含量的增加而增大.复合膜电导率随Si O2含量的增加呈先增大后减小的规律,Si O2含量为15%的复合膜在80℃、100%湿度条件下,质子导电率可达到0.154 S/cm.其阻醇性能也得到了极大改善,Si O2含量为25%的复合膜相比于Nafion膜其甲醇渗透率降低了55.3%.因此SPES/Si O2杂化纳米纤维复合质子交换膜可以作为一种新型质子交换膜应用于燃料电池中.     

Oil spill identification by high-speed HPLC

The use of high-speed HPLC in oil spill identification problems has been evaluated in terms of analysis time and reliability. The aromatic fraction was analyzed by reverse-phase chromatography on a 3 μm packing, with detection at 210 and 287 nm, in less than 20 minutes. The profiles exhibited by several Spanish and Middle East crude oils were differentiated by simple statistical parameters. The effect of environmental weathering on the samples has also been investigated. An Arabian light crude oil was still identifiable after four months' simulated marine weathering.