Investigation of Trace Metals Content and Carbon Isotopic Composition on the Soil Leaf-Fruit Chain from Some Transylvanian Areas

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Isotopic Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) were used in this study to trace heavy metal and isotopic content of soil into the fruit juices. This work presents a preliminary study on the carbon isotope signature and trace metal content investigated on the soil-plant-fruit pulp chain. The samples were collected from Transylvanian areas. Our results for fruit juices are compared with allowable limits for drinking water in the United Kingdom (NS30). The results for soil samples were compared with the maximum value reported for normal range values of natural soils cited by the EEA (European Environment Agency) report. The results obtained for δ¹³C values on the soil - leaf - fruit pulp chain for grape, pear, and apple samples show depletion in ¹³C isotope, as the trend of the values reported in literature for the soil–leaf–fruit chain.     

New home-made assembly for hollow-fibre membrane extraction of persistent organic pollutants from real world samples

Nowadays, hollow fibre membrane extraction techniques are widely used but they are usually applied to water or very simple matrices such as water. In this paper, we propose a new assembly that allows the extraction of forty persistent organic pollutants in real world samples, namely orange juice, porcine plasma and tomatoes. The limits of detection obtained are very low even in the analysis of real samples (9-182 ng L(-1)). The relative standard deviations vary from 1 to 18% and the averaged recoveries in the spike experiments are very high (65-120%) in the different types of samples studied. The new assembly allows a very good precision overcoming in one of the most important shortcomings of membrane extraction techniques. A central composite design has been performed to get optimal extraction conditions for the analytes and also the combined response of all the analytes has been obtained to attain the simultaneous optimum.     

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Burden in Fruit and Vegetable Species Cultivated in Allotments in an Industrial Area

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) burden of various fruit and vegetable species (strawberries, apples, tomatoes, lettuce, kohlrabi, potatoes, parsley and kale) cultivated in allotments in the industrial area of Bitterfeld-Wolfen (Germany) were determined. In addition, the garden soils of the sampling sites were analysed. The total PAH concentrations of fruit and vegetables investigated varied in the range of 1-120 µg/kg fresh weight, with the highest being found in parsley and kale. As the highest concentration of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) was 0.55 µg/kg in a parsley sample, none of the samples exceeded the recommended BaP limit in vegetable foods of 1 µg/kg. A positive relationship between the total PAH burden and the cultivating site was only found for the more highly contaminated species parsley and kale. The total PAH concentrations in the garden soils ranged from 28 to about 7000 µg/kg dry weight.     

Harmful volatile substances in recorded and unrecorded fruit spirits

The alcohol-attributable mortality is an important issue in South-Eastern Europe, whereby consumption of homemade spirits is stated to be one of the leading causes. Presence of harmful volatiles in spirits in Serbia was investigated in 26 recorded and 127 unrecorded fruit spirits, collected in 2020 and analysed using GC-FID methods. Statistical analysis confirmed higher content of ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-propanol and iso-butanol in unrecorded spirits. Regarding concentration limits proposed by the Alcohol Measures for Public Health Research Alliance, the one for methanol was exceeded in 4% of recorded and 17% of unrecorded spirits, for acetaldehyde in 4% of unrecorded and for higher alcohols only in one recorded spirit. Risk assessment, conducted using a margin of exposure approach, showed that spirit consumption, even at average level, posed a risk due to their high ethanol content. Regarding acetaldehyde, for males the risk was indicated starting from the regular drinkers only scenario (mean MOE 9937 for recorded and 9123 for unrecorded spirits) and for females who were chronic heavy drinkers of recorded (2324) or unrecorded spirits (1644). Chronic heavy drinkers of both sexes were in the risk of methanol and higher alcohols in case of exclusive consumption of unrecorded spirits.     

近红外光谱检测技术及其在林业中的应用

近红外光谱是20 世纪80 年代以来发展最快、最引人注目的光谱分析技术。文章介绍了近红外光谱技术的发展历程和在国外的应用概况,重点列举了近红外光谱在林业中的成功应用实例。资料表明, 近红外光谱以其快速、无损伤、操作简单、稳定性好、效率高等特点,在国外的水果品质检测、木材性质检测和林业育种中的应用已成为一个活跃的研究领域。而近红外光谱技术在我国林业上的研究和应用则刚刚起步,因此本文对国内外利用近红外光谱技术在林业上的应用作一综述,并对近红外检测技术在林业上的应用进行了展望,以推动近红外光谱技术在我国林业科技和生产中的应用。     

验证水果营养成分配方的寒热性

本文由试验得到的体温数据,分别用假设检验和时间序列分析方法,找到辨别寒热性的数学依据.从而验证水果营养成分配方的寒热性.为传统水果品种的改良提供理论基础.     

高光谱成像技术在果蔬品质与安全无损检测中的原理及应用

水果和蔬菜的品质与安全是消费者最为关心的问题。传统的化学检测方法是一种费时费力的破坏性检测技术。随着成像和光谱技术的快速发展,高光谱成像技术已经广泛应用于农产品品质与安全的快速无损检测中。高光谱成像技术融合了传统的成像和光谱技术的优点,可以同时获取被检测物体的空间信息和光谱信息,因此该技术既可以像检测物体的外部品质,又可以像光谱技术一样检测物体的内部品质和品质安全。目前,已经有大量的基于高光谱成像技术检测水果和蔬菜品质与安全的研究性论文发表,为了深入了解高光谱成像技术的检测原理并跟踪国内外最新的研究进展,综述了高光谱成像技术在水果和蔬菜外部品质、内部品质和品质安全检测中的原理、发展和应用。另外,还简要介绍和讨论了高光谱成像系统的构成、常用的数据分析方法、发展趋势及面临的挑战。     

近红外光谱技术在水果产业中的最新应用

综述了近红外光谱技术在水果产业中的最新应用,系统阐述了NIR在果树栽培调控、果实品质检测、果实贮藏三方面的最新研究进展,并对其发展前景提出了展望。     

随机森林算法的水果糖分近红外光谱测量

近年来,有关水果糖分等内部品质的近红外光谱测量方法研究很多,并有部分商业化仪器问世。但由于近红外光谱复杂多变,模型的传递性较差,往往所建模型只能针对特定品种甚至特定产地的水果。随机森林(RF)是一种基于决策树的集成算法,通过对分类回归树(CART)模型的集成来提高预测精度。相对于偏最小二乘法(PLS),多元线型回归法(MLR)等方法,随机森林回归方法对非线性数据的解析能力较强。考虑到RF模型的随机性, 通过调试决策树数量(ntree)和分裂变量数目(mtry)等变量来进行模型优选。尝试使用随机森林对不同种类的水果(苹果、梨)糖分进行预测。实验表明,对于同一种类的水果,随机森林和PLS的建模和预测结果均较好。但对于不同种类的水果,随机森林明显增加了模型的预测能力,将建模R2由PLS的0.878提高到了0.999,将建模的RMSEC由0.453降低到了0.015。经过独立的预测集样品对最优RF模型进行检验,预测R2由PLS的0.731提高到为0.888,预测RMSEP由1.148降低到0.334。随机森林在对多种水果糖分预测时,具有明显的优势。这一研究证明了随机森林有望应用于多种水果糖分的近红外光谱测定,进而解决模型的普适性和传递性问题。     

Diode laser absorption spectroscopy for studies of gas exchange in fruits

Gas exchange in fruits, in particular oxygen transport in apples, was studied non-intrusively using wavelength modulation diode laser absorption spectroscopy at about 761 nm, applied to the strongly scattering intact fruit structure. The applicability of the technique was demonstrated by studies of the influence of the skin to regulate the internal oxygen balance and of cling film in modifying it by observing the response of the signal from the internal oxygen gas to a transient change in the ambient gas concentration.Applications within controlled atmosphere fruit storage and modified atmosphere packaging are discussed. The results suggest that the technique could be applied to studies of a large number of problems concerning gas exchange in foods and in food packaging.