火焰原子吸收光谱法测定巨大口蘑子实体中的铁、锌和锰

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了巨大口蘑子实体中的微量元素铁、锌和锰的含量,方法简单,精密度和灵敏度高,相对标准偏差为0.378%-0.842%,回收率95.83%-99.45%.     

水果坚实度的近红外光谱检测分析试验研究

应用傅里叶漫反射近红外光谱技术探讨了水果坚实度无损检测的方法。利用偏最小二乘法建立了坚实度与漫反射光谱的无损检测数学模型,同时对不同光谱预处理方法和不同建模波段范围对模型的预测性能进行了对比分析。结果表明：利用傅里叶变换光谱仪采集的原始光谱的平滑预处理对结果并没有太大影响;原始光谱在800～2 500 nm范围的模型得到了最好的预测结果：校正集样本的相关系数r为0.869,校正均方根误差RMSEC为3.88 N;预测集样本的相关系数r为0.840,预测均方根误差RMSEP为4.26 N。 通过本研究得出：应用近红外漫反射光谱检测水果坚实度是可行的,为今后快速无损评价水果成熟度提供了理论依据。     

原子光谱法测定野生龙葵果中微量元素的含量

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定了野生龙葵果中铁、锰、锌、铜、钙、镁的含量,再运用原子荧光光谱法测定野生龙葵果中硒的含量。选用硝酸和高氯酸(5∶1)混合消解液进行消解。结果所测定的龙葵果中含有丰富的人体必需微量元素。本方法简单、准确,回收率在93.5%—101.0%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于1.46%,结果令人满意。     

MSE-MRI sequence optimisation for measurement of bi- and tri-exponential T2 relaxation in a phantom and fruit

The transverse relaxation signal from vegetal cells can be described by multi-exponential behaviour, reflecting different water compartments. This multi-exponential relaxation is rarely measured by conventional MRI imaging protocols; mono-exponential relaxation times are measured instead, thus limiting information about of the microstructure and water status in vegetal cells. In this study, an optimised multiple spin echo (MSE) MRI sequence was evaluated for assessment of multi-exponential transverse relaxation in fruit tissues. The sequence was designed for the acquisition of a maximum of 512 echoes. Non-selective refocusing RF pulses were used in combination with balanced crusher gradients for elimination of spurious echoes. The study was performed on a bi-compartmental phantom with known T₂ values and on apple and tomato fruit. T₂ decays measured in the phantom and fruit were analysed using bi- and tri-exponential fits, respectively. The MRI results were compared with low field non-spatially resolved NMR measurements performed on the same samples.     

荧光光度法测定蔬果类罐头食品中的微量铅

以3mol/L HCl为介质,利用荧光光度计检测PbCl2-4的荧光强度,建立了测定蔬果类罐头食品中微量铅的新方法,该方法的检出限为8.8μg/mL,回收率为;97.0%.     

Turbidity of pulpy fruit juice: A key factor for predicting cross-flow microfiltration performance

To determine the technical and economic feasibility of cross-flow microfiltration on an industrial scale, the expected decline of permeation flux must be predicted taking into account the variability of juice's fouling potential. However, the main difficulty is finding representative parameters. Two semi-empirical models – gel polarisation and mechanistic – were used to fit experimental permeation flows using initial juice turbidity as surrogate for the volumetric concentration of particles in the feed juice. The experimental data of different banana, pineapple, and blackberry juices fitted well in both models. Although the mechanistic model more accurately estimated the permeation flux density, for practical application, the simpler polarisation model was preferred. Because this method uses a factor (i.e. turbidity) that reflects juice's fouling potential, it allows the optimisation of processing parameters and the prediction of permeation flux range in real industrial conditions.     

气相色谱法测定果蔬中防腐剂仲丁胺残留量

提出了气相色谱法测定果蔬中防腐剂仲丁胺残留量的方法。果蔬样品经匀浆处理后置于顶空瓶中,在碱性条件下于55℃恒温平衡40min。吸取100μL液上气体注入气相色谱仪,用氮磷检测器测定,外标法定量。仲丁胺的质量浓度在0.000 5～0.040 0mg.L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.5μg.L-1。在两个浓度水平上对方法进行回收试验,测得回收率在87.4%～102.8%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)在2.6%～9.6%之间。     

Comparative study of spectroscopic techniques for the estimation of iron in apple and vegetables

Iron has been determined in apple and vegetables spectrophotometrically, by complexing it with xylenol orange. 1:1 complex formed in a highly acidic medium is measured for its absorbance at its λ_max of 585 nm. The results have been compared by employing atomic absorption technique. Apples and vegetable samples were collected from local markets of Pakistan. Statistical manipulations, t-test and F-test, were performed and it was found that the results from the two techniques have an excellent agreement.     

Micellar capillary electrophoresis – Electrochemical detection of neurochemicals from Drosophila

The fruit fly is one of the most heavily studied model organisms for genetics research and has significantly contributed to the molecular, cellular, and evolutionary understandings of human behavior. Recent research in the analytical chemistry of the fruit fly has focused on developing methods to obtain highly sensitive chemical quantification information of Drosophila melanogaster, especially looking at the nervous system. We provide a brief overview of work in the area of CE of the fly head and brain.     

Determination of effective wavelengths for discrimination of fruit vinegars using near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy based on effective wavelengths (EWs) and chemometrics was proposed to discriminate the varieties of fruit vinegars including aloe, apple, lemon and peach vinegars. One hundred eighty samples (45 for each variety) were selected randomly for the calibration set, and 60 samples (15 for each variety) for the validation set, whereas 24 samples (6 for each variety) for the independent set. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM) were implemented for calibration models. Different input data matrices of LS-SVM were determined by latent variables (LVs) selected by explained variance, and EWs selected by x-loading weights, regression coefficients, modeling power and independent component analysis (ICA). Then the LS-SVM models were developed with a grid search technique and RBF kernel function. All LS-SVM models outperformed PLS-DA model, and the optimal LS-SVM model was achieved with EWs (4021, 4058, 4264, 4400, 4853, 5070 and 5273 cm⁻¹) selected by regression coefficients. The determination coefficient (R²), RMSEP and total recognition ratio with cutoff value ±0.1 in validation set were 1.000, 0.025 and 100%, respectively. The overall results indicted that the regression coefficients was an effective way for the selection of effective wavelengths. NIR spectroscopy combined with LS-SVM models had the capability to discriminate the varieties of fruit vinegars with high accuracy.