碳一化工路线制备乙二醇研究进展

乙二醇(EG)是一种重要的化工原料,主要用来生产新型聚酯纤维.近年来由于我国聚酯产业发展迅速,极大的推动了对乙二醇的需求.碳一化工路线以资源丰富、价格便宜的天然气或煤为原料合成乙二醇,有着诱人的工业化前景.综述了以合成气为原料合成乙二醇的研究进展,包括合成气直接合成法、甲醛羰化法、CO偶联法、甲醛氢甲酰化法以及甲醛缩合法等.     

基于电纺丝法的In2O3/CdO复合材料的制备及甲醛气敏特性

用静电纺丝法制备了In(NO₃)₃/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)纺丝前驱物, 然后分别在500、600、700℃时烧结得到三种In₂O₃ 纳米纤维. 通过X 射线衍射(XRD)仪、热重差热分析(TG/DTA)、场发射扫描式电子显微镜(FE-SEM)表征结果得知, 500℃时In₂O₃的晶相已经形成, 且粒径为最小, 约为24 nm, 纳米纤维呈介孔结构.将三种烧结温度的In₂O₃纤维制作成气敏元件, 测试对比了三种元件对甲醛气体的敏感特性, 结果表明, 500℃烧结得到的In₂O₃纳米纤维在工作温度为240℃时响应最好, 对浓度为10×10^-6 (体积分数, φ)甲醛的响应为7.用静电纺丝法合成了CdO 纳米颗粒, 通过XRD、SEM 表征得知CdO 呈粒径约为68 nm 的颗粒. 将In₂O₃和CdO以不同摩尔比(1:1, 10:1, 20:1)复合, 对比测试了纯In₂O₃及三种In₂O₃/CdO复合材料对应的气敏元件对甲醛的气敏特性, 测试结果表明当In₂O₃纳米纤维与CdO纳米颗粒以摩尔比10:1 复合时, 元件的工作温度较低(200℃), 且对甲醛表现出最佳的气敏特性, 对浓度为10×10^-6甲醛的响应为13.6, 响应/恢复时间为140 s/32s. 最后对不同摩尔比复合的In₂O₃/CdO对甲醛的气敏机理进行了初步分析.     

固态研磨-燃烧法制CuO-ZnO-ZrO2/HZSM-5二甲醚合成催化剂

以柠檬酸为燃烧剂,采用固态研磨-燃烧法和机械混合法制备了CuO-ZnO-ZrO2/HZSM-5CO2加氢一步合成二甲醚双功能催化剂.采用固定床反应器,在反应温度270℃、压力为3.0 MPa、空速4 200 h-1条件下,考察了催化剂对CO2加氢一步合成二甲醚的反应性能,并采用XRD、BET、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD及XPS对催化剂的结构进行了表征.评价结果表明:随柠檬酸量的增加,二甲醚选择性和收率呈峰形变化趋势;当柠檬酸的量等于化学计量比的100%时,制备的催化剂具有较好的催化性能:CO2单程转化率为24.8%、二甲醚(DME)的选择性和收率分别为35.3%和8.7%.表征结果表明:柠檬酸的量影响催化剂的比表面积、还原性能以及CuO和ZnO的晶粒尺寸等,进而影响催化剂反应性能.     

Concise synthesis of aromatic tertiary amines via a double Petasis–borono Mannich reaction of aromatic amines,formaldehyde, and organoboronic acids

A simple and efficient strategy to construct aromatic tertiary amines via a double Petasis–borono Mannich reaction of aromatic amines, formaldehyde, and organoboronic acids has been developed. The transformation provides a useful method for the synthesis of amine derivatives.     

Enantioselective Reduction of Prochiral Ketones with NaBH4/Me2SO4/(S)-Me-CBS

The enantioselective reduction of prochiral ketones with NaBH₄/Me₂SO₄/(S)-Me-CBS is described. Borane is generated in situ via the reaction of NaBH₄ with Me₂SO₄ in tetrahydrofuran, which is as efficient as the commercial one. Such in situ–generated borane reagent was applied to reduce prochiral ketones in the presence of chiral oxazaborolidine catalyst directly. The corresponding chiral secondary alcohols were obtained with excellent enantiomeric excesses (93–99% ee) and good to excellent yield (80–99%).     

N-Benzylazacyclophane synthesis via aromatic Mannich reaction

A new method for synthesizing phenolic N-benzylazacyclophanes starting from tyramine is presented here. Computational calculations showed that macrocyclization is favored by the formation of hydrogen bond-based templates; these templates are not affected by including benzyl groups in the nitrogen atom of the tyramine moiety. The results showed that N-benzyl groups with electron-donating substituents have more nucleophilic nitrogen atoms, thereby favoring macrocyclization, while electron-withdrawing groups favor polymerization.     

pH‐controlled reaction divergence of decarboxylation versus fragmentation in reactions of dihydroxyfumarate with glyoxylate and formaldehyde: parallels to biological pathways

The reactions of dihydroxyfumarate with glyoxylate and formaldehyde exhibit a unique pH‐controlled mechanistic divergence leading to different product suites by two distinct pathways. The divergent reactions proceed via a central intermediate (2,3‐dihydroxy‐oxalosuccinate, 3 , in the reaction with glyoxylate and 2‐hydroxy‐2‐hydroxymethyl‐3‐oxosuccinate, 14 , in the reaction with formaldehyde). At pH 7–8, products ( 7 , 8 , and 15 ) exclusively from a decarboxylation of the intermediate are observed, while at pH 13–14, products ( 9 , 10 , and 16 ) solely derived from a hydroxide‐promoted fragmentation of the intermediate are formed. The decarboxylative and fragmentation pathways are mutually exclusive and do not appear to coexist under the range of pH (7–14) conditions investigated. Herein, we employ a combination of quantitative ¹³C NMR measurements and density functional theory calculations to provide a rationale for this pH‐driven reaction divergence. These rationalizations also hold true for the reactions of dihydroxyfumarate produced in situ by the catalytic cyanide‐mediated dimerization of glyoxylate. In addition, the non‐enzymatic decarboxylation and fragmentation transformations of these central intermediates ( 3 and 14 ) appear to have intriguing parallels to the enzymatic reactions of oxalosuccinate and formation of glyceric acid derivatives in extant metabolism – the high and low pH mimicking the precise control exerted by the enzymes over reaction pathways. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

High-temperature measurements of the rates of the reactions CH2O + Ar → Products and CH2O + O2 → Products

The two-channel thermal decomposition of formaldehyde [CH₂O], (1a) CH₂O + Ar → HCO + H + Ar, and (1b) CH₂O + Ar → H₂ + CO + Ar, was studied in shock tube experiments in the 2258-2687 K temperature range, at an average total pressure of 1.6 atm. OH radicals, generated on shock heating trioxane-O₂-Ar mixtures, were monitored behind the reflected shock front using narrow-linewidth laser absorption. 1,3,5 trioxane [C₃H₆O₃] was used as the CH₂O precursor in the current experiments. H-atoms formed upon CH₂O and HCO decomposition rapidly react with O₂ to produce OH via H + O₂ → O + OH. The recorded OH time-histories show dominant sensitivity to the formaldehyde decomposition pathways. The second-order reaction rate coefficients were inferred by matching measured and modeled OH profiles behind the reflected shock. Two-parameter fits for k_1a and k_1b, applicable in this temperature range, are:

     

KIT-6负载CeO2催化CO2和甲醇合成碳酸二甲酯

采用不同老化温度(80、100、120和150℃)合成了一系列KIT-6载体,并通过浸渍法制备了相应的CeO_2/KIT-6催化剂。结合X射线衍射、N_2物理吸附、NH_3程序升温脱附、CO_2程序升温脱附、透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱等表征结果,详细考察了老化温度对KIT-6结构以及CeO_2/KIT-6催化剂直接催化CO_2和甲醇合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应活性的影响。结果表明,不同老化温度下制备的KIT-6均保持其独特的三维孔道结构。随着老化温度升高,KIT-6比表面积先增大后减小,当老化温度为100℃时,KIT-6比表面积达到最大(683 m~2·g~(-1))。KIT-6较高的比表面积有利于提高CeO_2分散度,进而提高暴露的活性位点数量,催化活性随催化剂表面中等碱/酸性吸附位数量和Ce~(3+)含量的增加而逐渐提高。其中,CeO_2/100-KIT-6催化剂中CeO_2颗粒尺寸最小(5.9 nm),暴露的活性位数量最高,催化活性最佳。随后,考察了反应温度和压力对CeO_2/100-KIT-6催化活性的影响。随着反应温度提高,催化活性先升高后降低,当反应温度为140℃时,催化活性最高;且催化活性随反应压力的提高而逐渐增加。在反应温度为140℃、压力为6.8 MPa条件下,催化剂经6次循环后,DMC收率由15 mmol·g_(CeO_2)~(-1)逐渐降低至2.8 mmol·g_(CeO_2)~(-1),原因归结为反应过程中CeO_2纳米颗粒发生团聚,使暴露出的活性位数量减少。     

脱水Ni-Fe类水滑石的制备及其作为环保型催化剂用于生物质糠醛的高选择性缩醛化反应

合成了含硝酸根离子的脱水Ni-Fe类水滑石（Ni-Fe HTLCs）并将其应用于室温下的糠醛缩醛化反应。脱水Ni-Fe HTLCs对糠醛缩醛化反应显示出高选择性并基本实现糠醛的完全转化。作为耐水的路易斯酸和脱水剂,脱水Ni-Fe HTLCs被证明是适用于糠醛缩醛化反应的高效双功能催化剂。通过研究发现,脱除Ni-Fe HTLCs中水分导致颗粒收缩并增强层板间硝酸根离子间的电荷互斥,Ni-Fe HTLCs中弱酸性位点在糠醛缩醛化中发挥重要作用,脱水可改变酸性位点结构并增强其活性。脱水Ni-Fe HTLCs可吸收缩醛化反应中产生的大部分水分,但吸水后Ni-Fe HTLCs的结构并不能完全恢复,这可能是由扩散进入HTLCs层板间的有机分子导致。