全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9728篇 |
免费 | 579篇 |
国内免费 | 577篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 9599篇 |
晶体学 | 21篇 |
力学 | 38篇 |
综合类 | 94篇 |
数学 | 78篇 |
物理学 | 1054篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 131篇 |
2022年 | 484篇 |
2021年 | 334篇 |
2020年 | 285篇 |
2019年 | 299篇 |
2018年 | 297篇 |
2017年 | 431篇 |
2016年 | 510篇 |
2015年 | 433篇 |
2014年 | 406篇 |
2013年 | 629篇 |
2012年 | 745篇 |
2011年 | 624篇 |
2010年 | 528篇 |
2009年 | 620篇 |
2008年 | 458篇 |
2007年 | 596篇 |
2006年 | 455篇 |
2005年 | 445篇 |
2004年 | 378篇 |
2003年 | 284篇 |
2002年 | 186篇 |
2001年 | 162篇 |
2000年 | 117篇 |
1999年 | 124篇 |
1998年 | 108篇 |
1997年 | 117篇 |
1996年 | 114篇 |
1995年 | 101篇 |
1994年 | 76篇 |
1993年 | 66篇 |
1992年 | 64篇 |
1991年 | 52篇 |
1990年 | 63篇 |
1989年 | 38篇 |
1988年 | 24篇 |
1987年 | 31篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Ryuhei Wakita Masanori Miyakoshi Yohji Nakatsuji Mitsuo Okahara 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1991,10(1):127-139
A series of noncyclic neutral ionophores has been synthesized by the reaction of oligoethylene glycol dihalides with 8-quinolinol. Complexation properties for alkali metal picrates were evaluated from solvent extraction and bulk liquid membrane transport experiments. Complexation profiles of the newly synthesized ionophores with a hexyl chain were similar to those of their homologues without the hexyl chain in the extraction experiments. Among them, the pentaethylene glycol derivatives showed the highest extraction efficiency and selectivity towards potassium ion. From the1H NMR spectra (400 MHz), the change in chemical shifts of the aromatic protons upon the addition of alkali metal thiocyanates suggested the existence of a stabilization effect which is caused by intramolecular stacking conformations between the quinoline rings during complexation. Aryl stacking interactions depend on the size of the cations and on the chain length of the oligoethylene glycol. The relationship between transport ability towards alkali metal cations and lipophilicity of these ionophores is also discussed. 相似文献
12.
鲤鱼体中鱼腥味物质的提取和鉴定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取鲤鱼鱼体中的挥发和半挥发性有机物,用GC/MS从提取物中分析鉴定出鱼腥味和疑是鱼腥味物质16种。包括醛、烯醛、酮和呋喃4类化合物。其中己醛、庚醛和2,4-二烯癸醛被确认为鱼腥味的化合物。研究发现,这些物质总量在鲤鱼体的鱼鳞、鱼鳃和鱼肉的分布呈现下降趋势,且其总量与鱼腥味强度之间具有可比较的对应关系。 相似文献
13.
Dave J Adams Eric G Hope Peter J Pogorzelec 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2004,689(8):1413-1417
The hydroformylation of long chain alkenes under fluorous biphase conditions and in neat perfluorocarbon solvents is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed upon the authors' evaluation of the steric and electronic influence of perfluoroalkylation on catalyst activity, regioselectivity and retention in the fluorocarbon phase. 相似文献
14.
Arsenic speciation analysis in marine samples was performed using ion chromatography (IC) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) detection. The separation of eight arsenic species, viz. arsenite, monomethyl arsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, arsenate, arsenobetaine, tetramethylarsine oxide, arsenocholine and tetramethylarsonium ion was achieved on a Dionex AS4A (weaker anion exchange column) by using a nitric acid pH gradient eluent (pH 3.3 to 1.3). The entire separation was accomplished in 12 min. The detection limits for the eight arsenic species by IC–ICP‐MS were in the range 0.03–1.6 µ g l?1, based on 3σ of the blank response (n = 6). The repeatability and day‐to‐day reproducibility were calculated to be less than 10% (residual standard deviation) for all eight species. The method was validated by analyzing a certified reference material (DORM‐2, dogfish muscle) and then successfully applied to several marine samples, e.g. oyster, fish muscle, shrimp and marine algae. The low power microwave digestion was employed for the extraction of arsenic from seafood products. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
Alex M. Green David G. Gevaux Christine Roberts Chris C. Phillips 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2004,20(3-4):531
In this paper we outline the use of resonant-cavity enhancement for increasing the exterior coupling efficiency of photodetectors and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral region. This method is potentially very important in the MIR because encapsulation is not presently feasible due to the lack of suitable materials. Among other potential applications, resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) photodetectors and LEDs could be particularly suitable for greenhouse gas detection because of their ‘pre-tunable’ spectrally narrowed resonantly enhanced peaks. We also present the optical characterization of an InAs RCE photodetector aimed at the detection of methane gas (λ≈3.3 μm), and an InAs/InAs0.91Sb0.09 resonant-cavity LED (RCLED) aimed at carbon dioxide gas (λ≈4.2 μm). The high peak responsivity of the RCE photodetector was 34.7 A/W at λ=3.14 μm, and the RCLED peaked at λ=3.96 μm. These are among the longest operating wavelengths for III–V RCE photodetectors and RCLEDs reported in the literature. 相似文献
16.
G. I. Nikishin L. L. Sokova V. D. Makhaev N. I. Kapustina 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2008,57(1):118-123
The solid-phase oxidation of cinnamic, 4-methoxy- and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acids with Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6—MHal system leads to β-halostyrenes. Similar procedure in the absence of a metal halide results in a cleavage of the C=C
bond giving the corresponding benzaldehydes.
Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 114–118, January, 2008. 相似文献
17.
Tatsushi Baba 《Tetrahedron letters》2004,45(31):5973-5975
New water-soluble porphycenes having sulfonic acid groups at the β-pyrrolic positions were synthesized and characterized by UV-vis, NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopy as well as elemental analyses. The series of mono- to tri-sulfonato derivatives were simply separated by the extraction method. 相似文献
18.
双(十二烷基亚磺酰)乙烷溶剂萃取钯及其机理的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文研究用双(十二烷基亚磺酰)乙烷萃取钯的性能,在KI存在下从7mol/L盐酸介质中用含有BDSE的氯仿能定量萃取钯,有机的钯可被硫脲或氨溶液反萃继之用TMK-TritonX-100光度法测定,研究了萃取的最佳条件及干扰情况,斜率法测得萃合物组成为Pd:I:BDSE=1:2:1,红外光谱证实萃合物中BDSE的二个亚砜以硫原子与钯配位,萃合物为异位体络合物,提出了选择性萃取分离钯的新方法。 相似文献
19.
The solvent extraction of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) using 2,4-pent-dione (Hacac) and 4-phenyl-2, 4-but-dione (Hbzac)
is carried out by varying the reagent concentration and pH of the aqueous phase. Each of these metals is quantitatively separated
(≈ 98%) from their binary mixtures with monovalent (Ag), divalent (Mn, Zn, Cd, Hg, Mg, Sn, Pb) and trivalent (Cr, Fe) metals.
The extraction constants are calculated from the metal distribution data using linear regression analysis. The extracted species
is MA2 in each case. A most significant result is separation of copper(II) from iron(III) which otherwise interferes when extracted
from the acidic medium. 相似文献
20.
This paper presents a fringe pattern normalization and noise-reduction algorithm. Locally the background noise is suppressed, the modulation normalized and the noise smoothed. An expression to calculate the cosine-only term is formulated. It is related to the directional derivatives of the intensity fringes. Two-dimensional Fourier series are used to calculate the parameters needed for the algorithm. Experimental work is presented using diffraction and ESPI images. The programming is relatively simple and involves mainly local convolutions. The processing time using a 2 GHz computer to normalize an image of 256 × 256 pixels is approximately one second. 相似文献