干涉条纹计数法光纤Fabry-Perot腔液位传感器

提出一种抗光源波动和外界干扰的条纹计数法光纤Fabry-Perot腔干涉型液位传感器.为适应这种条纹计数法对应变大挠度的要求,采用波纹管作应力弹性元件;对干涉条纹走向(或液位升降判向),分别提出实用的硬件设计方案和计算机软件处理办法;给出一种腔长温度补偿设计;实际制作了双光路光纤Fabry-Perot腔液位传感器,进行了实际气压模拟试验和实际水位测量试验,取得了良好结果.     

Ultra Robust and Highly Efficient Flexible Organic Solar Cells with Over 18 % Efficiency Realized by Incorporating a Linker Dimerized Acceptor

The wearable application of flexible organic solar cells (f-OSCs) necessitates high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and mechanical robustness. However, photoactive films based on efficient non-fullerene small molecule acceptors (NF-SMAs) are typically brittle, leading to poor mechanical stability in devices. In this study, we achieved a remarkable PCE of 18.06 % in f-OSCs while maintaining ultrahigh mechanical robustness (with a crack-onset strain (COS) of higher than 11 %) by incorporating a linker dimerized acceptor (DOY-TVT). Compared to binary blends, ternary systems exhibit reduced non-radiative recombination, suppressed crystallization and diffusion of NF-SMAs, and improved load distribution across the chain networks, enabling the dissipation of the load energy. Thus, the ternary f-OSCs developed in this study achieved, high PCE and stability, surpassing binary OSCs. Moreover, the developed f-OSCs retained 97 % of the initial PCE even after 3000 bending cycles, indicating excellent mechanical stability (9.1 % higher than binary systems). Furthermore, the rigid device with inverted structure based on the optimal active layer exhibited a substantial increase in efficiency retention, with 89.6 % after 865 h at 85 °C and 93 % after more than 1300 h of shelf storage at 25 °C. These findings highlight the potential of the linker oligomer acceptor for realizing high-performing f-OSCs with ultrahigh mechanical robustness.     

Design of the Ionic Organic Nonlinear Optical Material NH4[LiC3H(CH3)O4] with Ultrawide Band Gap and Moderate Birefringence

Ionic organic crystals containing organic planar π-conjugated units has become one of the hot spots as nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. However, although this type of ionic organic NLO crystals commonly have remarkable second harmonic generation (SHG) responses, they also suffer from overlarge birefringences and relatively small band gaps that be hardly beyond 6.2 eV. Herein, a flexible π-conjugated [C₃H(CH₃)O₄]²⁻ unit was theoretically revealed, showing great potential for designing NLO crystals with balanced optical properties. Accordingly, through the reasonable NLO-favourable layered design, a new ionic organic material, NH₄[LiC₃H(CH₃)O₄], was successfully obtained. As expected, it achieves not only a large SHG effect (4×KDP), but also a suitable birefringence (0.06@546 nm) and an ultrawide band gap (>6.5 eV). This study provides a new flexible π-conjugated NLO-active unit, contributing to design more ionic organic NLO materials with excellent balanced optical properties.     

脉冲激光沉积法制备(Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4Oy 涂层导体

(Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4Oy 是超导转变温度Tc 约为116 K 的无毒铜氧化物超导材料, 在迄今为止的超导材料中, 高压法制备的(Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4Oy 多晶块材在液氮温区具有最高的不可逆场 Hirr ~ 15 T. 为了实现(Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4Oy 超导材料的规模化制备, 本文利用脉冲激光沉积技术在 LaMnO3/MgO/Y2 O3/Al2 O3/Hastelloy 柔性金属基底上依次外延生长了 LaAlO3 帽子层和(Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4Oy 超导薄膜. X 射线衍射实验结果表明(Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4Oy 薄膜沿a 轴外延生长, 电学输运数据表明(Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4Oy 薄膜的超导转变温度Tc onset 为115K, 零电阻温度Tc0 为52 K, 不可逆场为9 T@35 K. 本文首次报道了(Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4Oy 在柔性金属缓冲层衬底的成功制备, 推动了(Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4Oy 超导材料的实用化进程.     

Hydrogen Bonds Strengthened Metal-Free Perovskite for Degradable X-ray Detector with Enhanced Stability,Flexibility and Sensitivity

Metal-free perovskites (MFPs) with flexible and degradable properties have been adopted in flexible X-ray detection. For now, figuring out the key factors between structure and device performance are critical to guide the design of MFPs. Herein, MPAZE-NH₄I₃ ⋅ H₂O was first designed and synthesized with improved structural stability and device performance. Through theoretical calculations, the introducing methyl group benefits modulating tolerance factor, increases dipole moment and strengthens hydrogen bonds. Meanwhile, H₂O increases the hydrogen bond formation sites and synergistically realizes the band nature modulation, ionic migration inhibition and structural stiffness optimization. Spectra analysis also proves that the improved electron-phonon coupling and carrier recombination lifetime contribute to enhanced performance. Finally, a flexible and degradable X-ray detector was fabricated with the highest sensitivity of 740.8 μC Gy_air⁻¹ cm⁻² and low detection limit (0.14 nGy_air s⁻¹).     

Recoverable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells for Next-Generation Portable Power Sources

Flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) with excellent recoverability show a wide range of potential applications in portable power sources. The recoverability of FPSCs requires outstanding bendability of each functional layer, including the flexible substrates, electrodes, perovskite light absorbers, and charge transport materials. This review highlights the recent progress and practical applications of high-recoverability FPSCs, and illustrates the routes toward improvement of the recoverability and environmental stability through the choice of flexible substrates and the preparation of high-quality perovskite films, as well as the optimization of charge-selective contacts. In addition, we explore the intrinsic properties of each functional layer from the physical perspective and analyze how to select suitable functional layers. Additionally, some effective strategies are summarized, including material modification engineering of selective contacts, additives and interface engineering of interlayers, which can release mechanical stress and increase the power-conversion efficiency (PCE) and recoverability of the FPSCs. The challenges of making high-performance FPSCs with long-term stability and high recoverability are discussed. Finally, future applications and perspectives for FPSCs are discussed, aiming to promote more extensive commercialization processes for lightweight and durable FPSCs.     

Coulometric Response of H+-Selective Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes and Its Application in Flexible Sensors†

The analytical performance of H⁺-selective solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SCISEs) based on solid contact polyaniline doped with chloride (PANI(Cl)) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT(PSS)) was characterized by a developed coulometric signal transduction method. PEDOT(PSS) solid contact is covered by PVC based H⁺-selective membrane. The obtained coulometric signal demonstrates that the cumulated charge can be amplified by increasing the capacitance of solid contact. SCISEs covered with spin-coated membrane behave faster amperometric response than electrodes with drop-cast membrane. In contrast to earlier works, the amperometric response and impedance spectrum demonstrates H⁺ transfer through SCISEs is independent from the thickness of membrane. The exceptional behavior of PANI(Cl) H⁺-SCISEs shows that the capacitance estimated from impedance spectrum at low frequency 10 mHz and coulometric signal of PANI(Cl) based SCISEs is influenced by the applied potentials, whereas PEDOT(PSS) solid contact is independent from the chosen applied potentials. Furthermore, preliminary investigations of coulometric signal transduction on flexible pH sensor implies its potential applications in wearable sensors for sweat ion concentration detection.