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111.
线粒体体外代谢热动力学研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
线粒体是细胞重要的细胞器之一,有细胞的“能源工厂”之称.因为线粒体内有许多酶,是特殊的酶催化氧化反应的场所山;所有动、植物细胞的线粒体都能通过各种营养物的氧化而产生“富能”物质ATP.采用一定的技术可将线粒体从细胞中分离出来,分离出来的线粒体中的酶系统还有一定的活性,而且线粒体内也有一定的营养物质,这样酶系统就能利用这些营养物进行代谢,从而释放出一定的能量.我们用微量热法对两种鱼肝脏线粒体进行了测量,发现线粒体代谢过程分四个阶段:停滞期、活性恢复期、稳定期、活性衰减期.在活性恢复期和活性衰减期,… 相似文献
112.
Fernando M. Lanas Mrio S. Galhiane Sandra R. Rissato Marco A. Barbirato 《Journal of separation science》1997,20(7):369-374
Toxicity evaluation of Dicofol to Astyanax bimaculatus schubarti, a characteristic fish species living in tropical rivers and lakes was carried out through LC50 – 96 Hours. These experiments were performed under laboratory controlled conditions with atmospheric air flow and dilution water at 25°C in the static mode, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with pure CO2 and CO2 modified with hexane and methanol were used at 50, 70, 80, and 100°C and 300 atm. Several collection modes were studied to extract Dicofol from fish samples. The extraction efficiencies were directly comparedd with those obtained after 8 h of Soxhlet extraction using the same clean-up with Florisil and analysis by HRGC/ECD and HRGC/MS as a confirmatory analytical technique. The SFE recoveries at temperatures lower than 80°C were typically lower than soxhlet recoveries; however a temperature increase enhanced the efficiency of SFE. The results showed that under certain conditions, supercritical fluid gave higher extractio power (extracted 11 % more pesticide), shorter extraction time, and lower solvent consumption than Soxhlet, thus affording an excellent alternative to the conventional method for extracting Dicofol from fish sample. 相似文献
113.
da Silva VM da Cunha Veloso MC de Oliveira AS Santos GV de P Pereira PA de Andrade JB 《Talanta》2005,68(2):323-328
Brominated phenols 2- and 4-bromophenol (2-BP and 4-BP); 2,4- and 2,6-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP and 2,6-DBP) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) have been identified as key flavor compounds found in seafoods. Depending on their concentrations, they were responsible for marine or ocean flavor (shrimp/crab/fish/sea salt-like) or for phenolic/iodine/iodoform-like off-flavor. In this work a new analytical methodology was developed to determine, simultaneously, such bromophenols in fish meats, based on reversed-phased high-performance liquid chromatographic separation (RP-HPLC). The separation of bromophenols was made onto a Lichrospher 100 RP-18 column using water:acetonitrile gradient at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1, using absorbance detection at 286 nm, were the 2-BP, 4-BP, 2,4- and 2,6-DBP show significant absorbtivity values and at 297 nm for 2,4,6-TBP. They were separated in 20 min with a good chromatographic resolution (Rs) for the isomeric compounds: 2- and 4-BP, Rs = 1.23; 2,4- and 2,6-DBP, Rs = 1.63. The calibration curves were linear in the bromophenols concentration range of 200.0-1000 ng mL−1. Under optimized conditions, the detection limit of the HPLC method was 127 ng mL−1 for 2-BP; 179 ng mL−1 for 4-BP; 89.0 ng mL−1 for 2,4-DBP; 269 ng mL−1 for 2,6-DBP and 232 ng mL−1 for 2,4,6-TBP. This method has been applied in determination of bromophenols, isolated by combined steam distillation-solvent extraction with 2 mL of pentane/diethyl ether (6:4), from Brazilian fishes samples, collected on the Atlantic coast of Bahia (13°01′S and 38°31′W), Brazil. The concentration range determined were 0.20 ng g−1 (2-BP) to 299 ng g−1 (2,4,6-TBP). The method proposed here is rapid and suitable for simultaneous quantification of simple bromophenols in fish meat. As long as we know, it is the first analytical methodology, using RP-HPLC/UV, which was developed to determine simple bromophenols in fish meat. 相似文献
114.
A method for quantitative determination of fish sperm deoxyribonucleic acid(fsDNA) was developed by using titanium dioxide(TiO2) as an adsorbent and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(NIRDRS). The selective enrichment of fsDNA was proved by comparing the adsorption efficiency of bovine serum albumin, tyrosine and tryptophan, and the low adsorption background of TiO2 was illustrated by comparing the spectra of four commonly-used inorganic adsorbents(alkaline aluminium oxide, neutral aluminium oxide, nano-hydroxyapatite and silica). The spectral feature of fsDNA can be clearly observed in the spectrum of the sample. Partial least squares(PLS) model was built for quantitative determination of fsDNA using 28 solutions, and 13 solutions with interferences were used for validation of the model. The results showed that the correlation coefficient(R) between the predicted and the reference concentration is 0.9727 and the recoveries of the validation samples are in the range of98.2%–100.7% 相似文献
115.
Scale inhibitors based on phosphinepolycarboxylic acid (PPCA) have been successfully used in offshore oil production for preventing deposition of barium and strontium sulfates. A system was developed for the automated pretreatment of PPCA-containing water samples, followed on-line or off-line by phosphorus determination using ICP mass spectrometry. During pretreatment, the previously acidified inhibitor solution is adsorbed on a C18-reversed phase column and then eluted with 0.025 mol l−1 borate solution. Using a 3.5-ml sample volume, analytical frequency in the on-line mode is about 9 samples per hour and 17 in off-line operation. Detection limit of phosphorus in the borate solution was 0.20 μg l−1, using a crossflow nebulizer and a Ryton® spray chamber. Recoveries were, typically, in the range of 90% to 100% and repeatability about 5%. The method has been applied for monitoring inhibitor concentrations during laboratory and field squeeze tests. 相似文献
116.
Combined biological and chemical assessment of estrogenic activities in wastewater treatment plant effluents 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Aerni HR Kobler B Rutishauser BV Wettstein FE Fischer R Giger W Hungerbühler A Marazuela MD Peter A Schönenberger R Vögeli AC Suter MJ Eggen RI 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2004,378(3):688-696
Five wastewater treatment plant effluents were analyzed for known endocrine disrupters and estrogenicity. Estrogenicity was determined by using the yeast estrogen screen (YES) and by measuring the blood plasma vitellogenin (VTG) concentrations in exposed male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). While all wastewater treatment plant effluents contained measurable concentrations of estrogens and gave a positive response with the YES, only at two sites did the male fish have significantly increased VTG blood plasma concentrations after the exposure, compared to pre-exposure concentrations. Estrone (E1) concentrations ranged up to 51 ng L–1, estradiol (E2) up to 6 ng L–1, and ethinylestradiol (EE2) up to 2 ng L–1 in the 90 samples analyzed. Alkylphenols, alkylphenolmonoethoxylates and alkylphenoldiethoxylates, even though found at µg L–1 concentrations in effluents from wastewater treatment plants with a significant industrial content, did not contribute much to the overall estrogenicity of the samples taken due to their low relative potency. Expected estrogenicities were calculated from the chemical data for each sample by using the principle of concentration additivity and relative potencies of the various chemicals as determined with the yeast estrogen screen. Measured and calculated estradiol equivalents gave the same order of magnitude and correlated rather well (R
2=0.6).An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
117.
Yong Hee Kim 《Applied Acoustics》2010,71(5):473-478
This paper investigated the absorption coefficients of acoustically transparent ceilings using 1:25 scale models. From a field survey of 18 existing halls, it was found that the open ceilings were equipped with steel truss structures, ducts, catwalks and ceiling surfaces. In order to investigate the absorption characteristics of the equipped ceilings, measurements were made using a 1:25 reverberation chamber based on ISO 354. Results showed that for an empty ceiling with a depth of 6 m, the absorption coefficient with a 50%-perforated ceiling surface is 0.2-0.3 above 500 Hz. If there were steel structures inside the ceiling, the absorption coefficient increased by 0.1 at 125 Hz to 2 kHz. Adding ducts and catwalks increased the absorption by 1-2 kHz. The absorption coefficients of the equipped ceilings ranged from 0.19 to 0.61 and the absorption characteristics were mainly found at high frequencies. Maximum absorption was observed in heavily equipped ceiling structures. 相似文献
118.
We propose a new scheme for measuring scale elasticity of production based on a new cost efficiency model developed in Tone
(2002). Comparing our model with classical model we establish the superiority of our model over the latter based on the premise
that the classical estimates of cost efficiency and scale elasticity can be illusory. 相似文献
119.
A. N. Tyumentsev Yu. P. Pinzhin M. V. Tretjak A. D. Korotaev I. A. Ditenberg R. Z. Valiev R. K. Islamgaliev A. V. Korznikov 《Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics》2001,35(2):213
Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the reorientation of crystal lattice during the formation of ultrafine-grained (UFG) copper, nickel, and an alloy of Ni–18% Al–8% Cr–1% Zr–0.15% B (at.%) under severe plastic deformation by equal-channel angular (ECA) pressing and twisting at a high quasi-hydrostatic pressure. The crystal lattice was found to transform into a UFG state; it is fragmented at the nano-, micro-, and mesoscale levels. Possible mechanisms for the reorientation of the crystal lattice under deformation at the micro- and mesoscale level are discussed. 相似文献
120.
In order to model unsteady maneuvers in swimming fish, we develop an initial-boundary value problem for a fourth-order hyperbolic partial differential equation in which the fish's body is treated as an inhomogeneous elastic plate. The model is derived from the three-dimensional equations of elastic dynamics, and is essentially a simple variant of the classical Kirchhoff model for a dynamic plate. The model incorporates body forces generating moment to simulate muscle force generation in fish. The initial-boundary value problem is reduced to a beam model in one spatial dimension and formulated computationally using finite differences. Interaction with the surrounding water is represented by nonlinear viscous damping. Two example applications using simple but physically reasonable physiological parameters are presented and interpreted. One models the acceleration from rest to steady swimming, the other a rapid turn from rest. 相似文献