Modeling of radiative heat transfer in 3D complex boiler with non-gray sooting media

The radiative heat transfer problem is solved for 3D complex industrial boiler with five baffles containing a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor for non-uniform temperature fields. A numerical formulation using the FTn finite volume method coupled with the bounded high-order resolution CLAM scheme, the blocked-off-region procedure and the narrow-band based weighted-sum-of-gray-gases (WSGG) [Kim OJ, Song T-H. Data base of WSGGM-based spectral model for radiation properties of combustion products, JQSRT 2000; 64: 379-94] model is adapted. The effect of soot volumetric fraction, particle temperature and uniform particle concentration on the radiative heat flux and radiative heat source is investigated and discussed. Also the advantages, in non-gray media, of the FTnFVM compared to the classical FVM are highlighted.     

一种基于区域生长的红外与可见光的图像融合方法

针对目前红外与可见光目标跟踪的视频序列融合难以满足实时性问题，利用红外图像目标与背景显著的灰度差异特征，结合目标跟踪中目标分割时常用到的区域生长法，通过区域生长方法从红外图像中提取目标区域，再将得到的红外目标区域与已经过图像配准的可见光图像的背景区域进行融合处理，最终得到既具有红外图像较好的目标指示特性又具有可见光图像清晰场景信息的融合图像。实验表明：该算法不仅简单易行，而且所得到的融合图像视觉效果优于其他融合算法得到的图像。     

A TRUST REGION-TYPE METHOD FOR SOLVINGMONOTONE VARIATIONAL INEQUALITY

1.IntroductionLetSbeanonemptyclosedconvexsubsetofR"andletF:R"-R"beacontinuousmapping.ThevariatiollalillequalityproblemFindx*6Ssuchthat(F(x*),x--x*)20forallxeS(VIP)iswidelyusedtostudyvariousequilibriummodelsarisingilleconomic,operatiollsresearch,transportatiollandregionalsciellces[2'3I?where(.,.)dellotestheinnerproductinR".Manyiterativemethodsfor(VIP)havebeendeveloped,forexample,projectionmethods[7ts],thenonlinearJacobimethod[5],thesuccessiveoverrelaxation.ethod[9]andgeneralizedgradient.…     

Two Paths to Oxidative C−H Amination Under Basic Conditions: A Theoretical Case Study Reveals Hidden Opportunities Provided by Electron Upconversion**

Traditionally, cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) leads to C−N bond formation under basic and oxidative conditions and is proposed to proceed via a two-electron bond formation mediated by carbenium ions. However, the formation of such high-energy intermediates is only possible in the presence of strong oxidants, which may lead to undesired side reactions and poor functional group tolerance. In this work we explore if oxidation under basic conditions allows the formation of three-electron bonds (resulting in “upconverted” highly-reducing radical-anions). The benefit of this “upconversion” process is in the ability to use milder oxidants (e. g., O₂) and to avoid high-energy intermediates. Comparison of the two- and three-electron pathways using quantum mechanical calculations reveals that not only does the absence of a strong oxidant shut down two-electron pathways in favor of a three-electron path but, paradoxically, weaker oxidants react faster with the upconverted reductants by avoiding the inverted Marcus region for electron transfer.     

硅基光波导中啁啾高斯脉冲在反常色散区的传输特性

本文利用激光脉冲在硅基光波导(SOI)中传播时满足的非线性薛定谔方程,采用分步傅里叶变换,数值模拟了硅基光波导中啁啾高斯脉冲在反常色散区的传播特性.通过模拟发现,三阶色散正负主要决定了脉冲的振荡波形性质,克尔效应与双光子吸收对脉冲波形起调制作用,自由载流子效应则可以忽略.初始啁啾参数的正负存在影响了脉冲的振荡强弱变化和脉冲中心的漂移的趋势,并且无论是正啁啾还是负啁啾,脉冲振荡与漂移都随着啁啾的增大而更加剧烈,同时啁啾正向增大与负向增大,都将导致脉冲展宽越严重致主峰峰值越低.     

可见-近红外光谱的滨海土壤“除水”盐分估测

滨海盐碱区土壤盐分的快速、准确监测对土地合理利用和保护具有重要意义。可见光近红外（Vis-NIR）光谱技术已广泛用于土壤属性的高效估测。然而,水分对含盐土壤光谱的干扰导致传统土壤盐分估测模型的精度降低。旨在探究分段直接标准化（PDS）和正交信号校正（OSC）在含水条件下土壤盐分估测中的应用,从而建立面向滨海盐碱区的“除水”Vis-NIR定量模型。为此,将获取的144份黄河三角洲滨海盐碱区表层（0~20 cm）土壤盐分数据划分为建模集（17个样本）和验证集（127个样本）。通过严格加水控制实验,测量10个含水率梯度（0%,1%,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,30%,40%和50%）的建模集土壤光谱数据,验证集的土壤光谱则是根据生成的1~50随机整数,通过随机加水实验测量获取。采用PDS和OSC与偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）结合的建模策略,构建土壤盐分估测模型,并进行性能验证和比较。结果表明,OSC比PDS更能有效减轻水分在土壤盐分估测中的建模干扰。具体来说,光谱校正前后生成的所有PLSR模型均取得一定的成功（R2_P=0.79~0.91,RMSE_P=2.6~3.98 g·kg-1,RPD=1.98~2.37）。OSC-PLSR模型的土壤盐分估测精度提高,R2_P,RMSE_P和RPD分别为0.91和2.6 g·kg-1和2.37。而PDS-PLSR模型效果不理想,R2_P,RMSE_P和RPD分别为0.79,3.98 g·kg-1和1.98。模型整体表现出了OSC-PLSR>PLSR>PDS-PLSR的土壤盐分估测性能。此外,提出了变量投影重要性（VIP）和Spearman相关系数（r）结合的分析策略,进一步探究了模型的估测机理。模型的重要波长（VIP>1）与土壤盐分敏感波长（|r|>0.4）吻合,对估测模型有重要意义。比较而言,OSC-PLSR精确提炼了位于830,1 940和2 050 nm附近的模型估测的关键波长,而常规的PLSR和PDS-PLSR包含了大量的冗余信息。综合来看,OSC-PLSR模型在Vis-NIR土壤盐分估测中具有较好的除水效果,为土壤含水状态下的土壤盐分研究提供可靠方法。     

幂硬化剪切界面层效应的复合材料桥联分析

对具有幂硬化塑性剪切界面层效应的复合材料桥联进行断裂力学分析，得到了桥联增韧和裂纹张开位移的控制方程，并按照非线性Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ型积分方程的迭代解给出其数值结果。并详细讨论界面相参数对桥联效应的影响。     

Identification of effective DNA barcodes for Triticum plants through chloroplast genome-wide analysis

The Egyptian flora is rich with a large number of Triticum plants, which are very difficult to discriminate between in the early developmental stages. This study assesses the significance of using two DNA Barcoding loci (matK and rbcL) in distinguishing between 18 different Triticum accessions in Egypt. We isolated and sequenced 15 rbcL and six matK fragments, but our analysis of the resultant sequences demonstrated a limited ability of matK and rbcL in distinguishing between Triticum accessions. Therefore, we pursued a bioinformatics approach to determine the most useful loci which may be used as DNA barcodes for the Triticum spp. We obtained the 10 available chloroplast genomes of the 10 Triticum species and sub-species from NCBI, and performed chloroplast genome-wide analysis to find the potential barcode loci. A total of 134 chloroplast genes, gene combinations, intergenic regions and intergenic region combinations were tested using a Tree-based method. We were unable to discriminate between Triticum species by using chloroplast genes, gene combinations and intergenic regions. However, a combination of the intergenic region (trnfM-trnT) with either (trnD-psbM), (petN-trnC), (matK-rps16) or (rbcL-psaI) demonstrated a very high discrimination capacity, suggesting their utilization as DNA barcodes for the Triticum plants. Furthermore, our novel DNA barcodes demonstrated high discrimination capacity for other Poaceae members.