离子交换树脂预处理/离子色谱法测定镁铝合金中微量氯

镁铝合金试样用稀硫酸溶解后通过装有强酸性阳离子交换树脂的分离柱以除去试样溶液中大量镁及铝离子。通过交换柱的试液以及洗涤交换柱用的高纯水接受于1 L容量瓶中,用高纯水定容。分取25μL试液作离子色谱测定氯,对离子交换分离及离子色谱测定的条件作了试验和优化。离子色谱测定氯离子的标准曲线的相关系数为0.999 1,方法的检出限为1.03μg.L-1。根据精密度试验结果计算得其相对标准偏为4.5%。在6个试样中各加氯标准200.0 mg.kg-1作回收率试验,所得结果在94.1%~106.0%之间。     

纵向焊接铝合金梁承载力研究

大多数结构用铝合金通常要经过热处理或加工硬化以得到更高的力学性能.这种合金焊接后,焊接热会使焊缝附近局部区域(称为热影响区HAZ)强度降低.这一特点使得焊接铝合金梁构件极限承载力的研究与焊接钢梁构件相比变得更为复杂.由于我国目前还没有关于铝合金结构的设计规范,为此本文对两种典型的纵向焊接工字型截面铝合金梁构件进行了试验研究,并在参考国外规范的基础上,提出了适用于静力设计的纵向焊接铝合金梁设计公式的建议.通过对试验构件进行数值分析,验证了有限元分析焊接梁的可靠性.在此基础上进行了大量的数值分析,并将试验结果及有限元计算结果与公式计算结果进行了比较,可以看出建议公式计算结果富有较大安全度,从而验证了其适用性,为我国《铝合金结构设计规范》的编制提供了依据和参考.     

Heterogeneous Catalysis of Ozone Using Iron–Manganese Silicate for Degradation of Acrylic Acid

Iron–manganese silicate (IMS) was synthesized by chemical coprecipitation and used as a catalyst for ozonating acrylic acid (AA) in semicontinuous flow mode. The Fe-O-Mn bond, Fe-Si, and Mn-Si binary oxide were formed in IMS on the basis of the results of XRD, FTIR, and XPS analysis. The removal efficiency of AA was highest in the IMS catalytic ozonation processes (98.9% in 15 min) compared with ozonation alone (62.7%), iron silicate (IS) catalytic ozonation (95.6%), and manganese silicate catalytic ozonation (94.8%). Meanwhile, the removal efficiencies of total organic carbon (TOC) were also improved in the IMS catalytic ozonation processes. The IMS showed high stability and ozone utilization. Additionally, H₂O₂ was formed in the process of IMS catalytic ozonation. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis and radical scavenger experiments confirmed that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were the dominant oxidants. Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻, PO₄³⁻, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ in aqueous solution could adversely affect AA degradation. In the IMS catalytic ozonation of AA, the surface hydroxyl groups and Lewis acid sites played an important role.     

硅锗合金Seebeck系数影响因素的研究

作为一种洁净能源,硅锗合金的热电转换性能的研究越来越受到人们的重视.本文重点研究了不同Ge浓度的硅锗合金以及Si、Ge单晶在300～1100K温度范围内,Seebeck系数随温度的变化.并对组分相同导电类型不同、晶向不同以及结晶状态不同的样品的Seebeck系数进行了比较.在研究温度区间,Seebeck系数的绝对值大小一般在200～600μV/K之间,随温度不同连续变化.通过对比发现SiGe合金的Seebeck系数大小不仅与Ge的浓度和温度有关,其他因素对其绝对值也有影响,其中晶向最为明显,表现出了明显的各向异性.此外,材料本身的电阻率除了作为一个热电参数影响最优值外,其大小还对Seebeck系数的绝对值有影响,即掺杂济浓度对Seebeck系数的影响.     

FeCoCrCuNi高熵合金裂纹及孔洞结构力学与微观构象演化机理的分子动力学模拟研究

本文采用分子动力学方法研究了FeCoCrCuNi高熵合金裂纹及孔洞模型结构在不同轴向拉伸应变速率下的力学与微观结构演化机理. 结果表明：应变速率越高FeCoCrCuNi裂纹结构对应更高的过冲应变和过冲应力,其主要原因是高拉伸速率会导致高强度的BCC结构及孪晶结构的生成,而BCC结构及孪晶结构的产生进而会抑制应力的下降,通过应力-应变曲线,可知FeCoCrCuNi裂纹模型在轴向应力作用下表现为塑性形变. 对于不同尺寸的孔洞FeCoCrCuNi裂纹模型的应力模拟与结构分析,可以得出：孔洞尺寸越大, FeCoCrCuNi裂纹结构对应的过冲应变和过冲应力越小,其主要原因是大尺寸的孔洞造成孔洞之间产生裂纹的,进而会影响这个材料的屈服应变和屈服强度.     

磁致伸缩材料弱磁场响应特性的实验研究

针对磁致伸缩材料在弱磁场传感器领域的应用需要,采用迈克耳逊干涉原理实验测量了零应力条件下Tb-Dy-Fe材料和Fe-Ga合金的磁场响应灵敏度,以及不同应力下Fe-Ga合金的磁场响应特性和温度响应特性.实验结果表明：在零应力,外加磁场16 mT条件下,Fe-Ga合金的磁场响应灵敏度远高于Tb-Dy-Fe材料,更合适作为弱磁场传感器敏感材料;同时,在1.2 MPa预应力和26 mT偏置磁场下,Fe-Ga合金材料具有较好的磁场响应灵敏度和较大的饱和磁致伸缩系数,因而处在最佳工作状态.所得到的材料的磁场和温度响应曲线可作为弱磁场传感器参量设计的参考依据.     

微乳液进样火焰原子吸收光度法测定食品中的微量锰

研究了多种表面活性剂及微乳液对火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锰的增敏作用，并选择增敏作用最强的微乳液作为锰测定的增敏试剂，拟定了测定锰的新方法。     

醇热反应低温合成锰钴镍热敏薄膜

锰钴镍复合氧化物是一种具有半导体性质的热敏材料. 本文采用金属有机沉积技术于室温条件下、在Si衬底上沉积一定 厚度的Mn_1.74Co_0.72Ni_0.54O₄金属 有机化合物薄膜, 并通过醇热反应进行低温结晶化合成, 可得到Mn_1.74Co_0.72Ni_0.54O₄结晶薄膜. 通过X 射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM) 以及阻温特性等测试方法表征, 讨论了醇热反应对锰钴镍热敏薄膜的物相结构、微观形貌以及电学性能的影响. X射线衍射图显示薄膜已出现尖晶石结构的特征峰. 电镜照片说明结晶薄膜的表面较为平整、孔隙率低. 阻温特性关系表明薄膜具有明显的负温度系数效应, 室温(≈27°) 电阻率约为303.13 Ω·cm. 关键词： 醇热反应 锰钴镍薄膜 热敏电阻 低温合成     

A study on the phase transformation behaviour of Cu-20wt.Sn alloy produced using powder metallurgy method: Experimental and molecular dynamics modelling

In this study, Cu-20wt.Sn alloy was produced by powder metallurgy (PM) method by using high purity element powders. The phases in the microstructure of the produced alloy were determined by XRD study. The phase transformation behaviour of the alloy was investigated by DSC and modelling method. Moreover, the Cu-20wt.Sn alloy system was modelled with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation based on modified Embedded Atom Method (MEAM). The radial distribution function (RDF) was calculated to determine the structural properties of system during the phase transformations. The experimental results showed that the transformation ($\alpha +\delta$) → ($\alpha +\gamma$) occur at temperature above 500°C. The simulation results showed that the phase transformation $\alpha +\delta \to \alpha +\gamma$ occurs at 550°C temperature. Our simulation results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.     

Effect of transition elements on dispersoid formation and elevated-temperature mechanical properties in 6082 aluminum alloy

ABSTRACT

The effect of transition elements, specifically Mn, Cr, V, and Mo, on dispersoid formation and mechanical properties in 6082 aluminum alloy was studied. The elevated-temperature mechanical properties were evaluated based on the compressive yield strength and creep resistance. The results indicated that the addition of Mn to the 6082 alloy resulted in the formation of a large number of the thermally stable α-Al(MnFe)Si dispersoids, thereby significantly improving the elevated-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy. Subsequent additions of Cr, V, and Mo increased the amount of Mn-bearing intermetallic phases, which decreased the supersaturation levels of Mn and Si in the α-Al, and consequently decreased the volume fraction of the dispersoids. The alloys containing Cr, V, and Mo exhibited similar yield strengths at 300°C and higher yield strengths at room temperature compared to the alloy containing only Mn. The size effect of the smaller dispersoids containing Cr, V, and Mo together with the solid-solution hardening of these elements could balance out the strength decrease resulting from the decreased volume fraction of the dispersoids. The additions of Cr, V, and Mo significantly increased the creep resistance of the Mn-containing 6082 alloy. Vanadium induced the highest creep resistance followed by Cr and Mo. Solute atoms of these elements with low diffusivity in the aluminum matrix contributed significantly to increasing the creep resistance at 300°C.