From local to global analysis of defect detectability in infrared non-destructive testing

Several image processing techniques are employed in Infrared Non-Destructive Testing (IRNDT) to enhance defect detectability. To date, there is no adequate global measurement that objectively assesses defect visibility in processed frames. In this work, a Global Signal to Noise Ratio (GSNR) that comprehensively evaluates defect detectability in processed infrared (IR) images is proposed, as well as a defect visibility measure named Infrared Image Quality Index (IRIQI) that compares the structural information of defective and sound areas. In addition, GSNR and IRIQI are validated by using the area under ROC curve (AUC). AUC quantitatively assesses defect visibility by comparing the outcomes of processing techniques to human judgements. The remarkable benefit of this global approach is that it allows one to determine the frame at which processing techniques reveals the majority of the defects by evaluating the times at which AUC curves reach their maxima. The test pieces were a Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) sample containing delaminations and a honeycomb specimen with delaminations, skin unbonds, excessive adhesive, and crushed core.     

噪声有源控制系统的性能预测

研究有源噪声控制中系统性能的实验预测方法,通过原理分析表明利用原始声场和次级声通道传递函数测试数据,能够预测有源噪声控制系统的性能并优化设计系统;结合飞机舱内的应用实际,给出了有源噪声控制系统性能预测和优化设计的基本方法和过程。该方法已被应用于国产运七飞机舱内噪声有源控制实验,取得了满意的结果。     

大型冷锯机切噪声声功率的预估

通过对大型冷锯机锯切过程中主要声源及受力分析,明确了主要锯切噪声是由锯齿脉冲激励引起锯片和工件的局部高频振动所产生的。并用大型有限元结构分析软件ANSYS计算得到的单元速度值,根据结构振动声辐射理论,对冷锯机的锯切噪声进行了定量预估。从理论预估值与现场锯切噪声实测结果的比较可见,本文所建立的大型冷锯机锯切噪声分析及预估理论是正确的。     

CCD探测器的数字读出技术

探测器的读出噪声是表征其性能的一个重要参数,它不仅限制了探测器的能量分辨,还影响探测器系统的动态范围。传统的CCD探测器信号读出部分都采用由模拟器件构成的相关双采样（Correlated Double Sampling,简称CDS）电路,这种方法已被证实能够有效抑制探测器噪声,但与此同时,由于CDS电路本身比较复杂,引入了新的噪声,它成为进一步减小读出噪声的一个屏障。为了消除模拟电路本身的噪声屏障,作者采用了一种基于高速ADC和FPGA的直接数字化读出方法,去除CDS电路,简化信号路径,由FPGA控制高速ADC对CCD探测器输出信号的参考电平和信号电平进行多次采样,用数值计算方法实现CDS功能,提高了信噪比,改善了探测器的性能。     

噪声对管道超声纵向导波损伤检测的影响

在管道超声导波检测技术的基础上,对不同程度纵向缺陷的损伤检测进行了数值模拟.利用缺陷反射信号对损伤的定位,通过改变管壁局部刚度,研究了缺陷反射信号强度变化的相关规律以及超声导波对缺陷的敏感度,分析了噪声信号对损伤识别的影响,并利用小波的分解和重构算法将信噪分离.结果表明不同程度的信噪比会对超声导波检测法造成一定的影响,通过低通滤噪的方法对信号进行信噪分离,可实现高噪条件下的损伤检测.     

First-passage failure of strongly non-linear oscillators with time-delayed feedback control under combined harmonic and wide-band noise excitations

A procedure for studying the first-passage failure of strongly non-linear oscillators with time-delayed feedback control under combined harmonic and wide-band noise excitations is proposed. First, the time-delayed feedback control forces are expressed approximately in terms of the system state variables without time delay. Then, the averaged Itô stochastic differential equations for the system are derived by using the stochastic averaging method. A backward Kolmogorov equation governing the conditional reliability function and a set of generalized Pontryagin equations governing the conditional moments of first-passage time are established. Finally, the conditional reliability function, the conditional probability density and moments of first-passage time are obtained by solving the backward Kolmogorov equation and generalized Pontryagin equations with suitable initial and boundary conditions. An example is worked out in detail to illustrate the proposed procedure. The effects of time delay in feedback control forces on the conditional reliability function, conditional probability density and moments of first-passage time are analyzed. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by digital simulation.     

X-CT噪音条件下数字体积相关算法评测

数字体积相关是通过分析具有相关关系的两组三维图像,获得物体变形过程中位移场和应变场的计算方法。了解该算法在实际噪音下的表现,对这种方法的应用具有十分重要的意义。利用爬山法、最小二乘法,结合三次B样条插值,建立了一套数字体积相关计算方法,用两组具有真实噪音的三维X射线CT数据对该算法进行了系统评测。在没有噪音的理想情况下,该算法的位移误差为0.0065voxel;在真实X-CT噪音的情况下,位移误差增加到0.008voxel,应变误差约为100με。结果表明,本方法可对真实物体变形进行三维位移场、应变场分析。     

一种可用于机翼优化设计中的气动噪声预测模型

发展了一种可用于翼型/机翼外形设计中的气动噪声快速预测方法。相较于传统的半经验噪声预测方法,该方法以两方程非线性k-ε湍流模型模化雷诺应力的雷诺平均方程为背景,考虑了升力系数、三维流动效应以及机翼几何参数等因素对后缘噪声的影响。而相对于直接数值模拟或声类比拟方法,该方法虽不能准确预测噪声强度,但其计算量小,能给出不同翼型/机翼的相对总声压级,以及总声压级随升力系数的变化情况,易于应用于翼型/机翼气动外形优化设计中。通过计算分析二维NACA0012翼型几何参数或来流状态的改变所带来的气动噪声差异,与ANOPP软件及Brooks等计算结果进行对比,验证了该模型的可靠性。最后,计算分析二维、三维翼型/机翼气动噪声,凸显该方法在翼型/机翼气动外形优化设计中的应用价值。     

宽带噪声作用下黏弹性板的矩Lyapunov指数

主要研究了在超音速流中受宽带噪声作用的黏弹性板随机振动系统的矩Lyapunov指数.首先, 采用vonKarman板弯理论, 活塞理论以及Galerkin近似法建立了两个自由度耦合的系统运动的随机微分方程. 其次, 应用随机平均法将四维系统降为二维系统. 接着, 对系统采用极坐标变换,通过Girsanov定理和Feynmann-Kac公式得到后向微分算子. 通过对特征函数进行正交Fourier余弦级数展开得到系统矩Lyapunov指数的近似解析式. 并通过MonteCarle仿真得到系统矩Lyapunov指数的数值解验证了近似解析式的可信性. 最后研究了系统参数、气动力参数以及随机噪声谱密度对黏弹性板稳定性的影响.