Enhancing optomechanical force sensing via precooling and quantum noise cancellation

We theoretically investigate optomechanical force sensing via precooling and quantum noise cancellation in two coupled cavity optomechanical systems.We show that force sensing based on the reduction of noise can be used to dramatically enhance the force sensing and that the precooling process can eifectively improve the quantum noise cancellation.Specifically,we examine the effect of optomechanical cooling and noise reduction on the spectral density of the noise of the force measurement;these processes can significantly enhance the performance of optomechanical force sensing,and setting up the system in the resolved sideband regime can lead to an optimization of the cooling processes in a hybrid system.Such a scheme serves as a promising platform for quantum back-action-evading measurements of the motion and a framework for an optomechanical force sensor.     

星载海洋激光雷达最佳工作波长分析

星载激光雷达是实现海洋垂直剖面探测的有效工具,也是目前迫切需求的海洋光学遥感手段。对星载海洋激光雷达的波长参数进行评估对保证探测有效性具有重要意义。本文从探测深度和信噪比两方面分析了星载海洋激光雷达探测全球海洋的最佳波长。利用MODIS 10个波段的水体光学特性数据,估算全球海水探测深度及相应的最优波长;并根据太阳夫琅禾费暗线特性,对信号信噪比进行优化。结果表明:在探测深度方面,最优探测波长在488 nm波段的海洋占全球海洋面积的70%左右,并且全球95%以上的海域在488 nm波段的探测深度优于0.8倍的真光层深度;在信噪比方面,相对于488 nm波段,486.134 nm夫琅禾费暗线处采用0.1 nm带宽的滤光片可以将背景光强度降低70%,相应地回波信噪比整体提升了约5.0%。就全球海洋探测来说,使用486.134 nm作为探测波长可以提高探测深度,有效抑制太阳背景光,提高信噪比,因此,486.134 nm是星载海洋激光雷达的最佳工作波长。     

基于非线性光纤环形镜的少模脉冲幅度调制再生器

随着网络带宽需求的快速增加,波分复用系统的容量已接近非线性香农极限.为了适应未来网络的发展,空分复用技术引起了越来越多的关注.本文首次提出基于少模非线性光纤环形镜(FM-NOLM)的脉冲幅度调制(PAM)全光再生器,描述了其工作原理和具体设计过程.采用COMSOL软件对组成FM-NOLM的硫化物高非线性光纤进行了模式特性仿真.以LP01,LP11,LP21三个光纤模式为例,确定了再生器的参数,计算出每个模式的功率转移函数曲线.仿真分析了该少模PAM-4全光再生器的噪声抑制(NRR)性能,并与单模情形进行了比较.研究表明,1)对于每个空间模式的PAM信号,所有再生电平具有一致的功率转移性能;2)当输入信噪比(SNR)约大于20 dB时,三种模式的噪声抑制比均可超过3 dB,并随着输入信噪比线性增加,其斜率约为1.2;3)在相同输入SNR条件下,三种模式的噪声抑制比相差不大,不超过1.1 dB.为了说明再生器的再生性能,当输入SNR为25 dB时,我们还给出了再生前后PAM-4信号的功率分布直方图.与现有的再生方案相比,本文方案的均匀多电平再生转移性能,使其更适合高频谱效率的长距空分复用系统和任意电平数的PAM信号再生.此外,该方案也能够扩展到波长域,有效提高光通信系统的传输容量.     

机械系统摩擦动力学研究进展

摩擦环节对机械系统动力学行为有重要、甚至可能是关键的影响. 深入研究摩擦及摩擦动力学特点,对于解决机械系统中摩擦带来的不利影响, 发挥其有利作用, 是非常重要的. 本文介绍和评述了机械系统摩擦动力学的研究进展, 包括常用的摩擦模型及其特性, 摩擦系统自激振动、强迫振动和摩擦振动控制等. 除理论研究方法之外, 重点讨论了制动噪声振动、摩擦耗能和多领域摩擦振动控制等摩擦动力学的应用研究.     

引力波探测中的被动隔振系统

介绍了引力波探测实验中的被动隔振系统的基本原理和研究现状,讨论其性能及特点.低频被动隔振系统,如七级气体弹簧隔振系统,多级隔振堆,四级悬臂弹簧隔振系统以及三级弯曲弹簧隔振系统在10Hz以上,都具有好的隔振性能;倒摆、折叠摆、 X摆和锥摆等超低频水平隔振系统实现了几十秒的共振周期;建立在对称扭杆弹簧系统基础上,构思新颖的被动垂直隔振系统克服了传统被动垂直隔振系统无法解决的困难,实现了超低频被动垂直隔振.      

林杏琴会堂的音质分析及改进设想

采用精密声级计和双通道声学分析仪，对林杏琴会堂的声场分布、噪声本底和混响时间作了分区测试，应用建筑声学理论对会堂的音质状况进行了分析，并提出改善会堂音质的若干建议．     

Nonnormality and stochastic differential equations

A highly nonnormal Jacobian may give rise to large transients. This behaviour has been shown to have implications for (a) the relevance of linearising a nonlinear system and (b) the timestep restrictions required to keep a numerical method stable. Here, we show that nonnormality also manifests itself for stochastic differential equations. We give an example of a family of systems that is stable without noise, but can be made exponentially unstable in mean-square by a noise perturbation that shrinks to zero as the nonnormality increases. We then show via finite-time convergence theory that an Euler approximation shares the same property, giving a discrete analogue of the result. In memory of Germund Dahlquist (1925–2005).AMS subject classification (2000) 65C30, 34F05     

Hitting probabilities and the Hausdorff dimension of the inverse images of a class of anisotropic random fields

Let X = {X(t):t ∈ R~N} be an anisotropic random field with values in R~d.Under certain conditions on X,we establish upper and lower bounds on the hitting probabilities of X in terms of respectively Hausdorff measure and Bessel-Riesz capacity.We also obtain the Hausdorff dimension of its inverse image,and the Hausdorff and packing dimensions of its level sets.These results are applicable to non-linear solutions of stochastic heat equations driven by a white in time and spatially homogeneous Gaussian noise and anisotropic Guassian random fields.     

Accumulation of Particles and Formation of a Dissipative Structure in a Nonequilibrium Bath

The standard textbooks contain good explanations of how and why equilibrium thermodynamics emerges in a reservoir with particles that are subjected to Gaussian noise. However, in systems that convert or transport energy, the noise is often not Gaussian. Instead, displacements exhibit an α-stable distribution. Such noise is commonly called Lévy noise. With such noise, we see a thermodynamics that deviates from what traditional equilibrium theory stipulates. In addition, with particles that can propel themselves, so-called active particles, we find that the rules of equilibrium thermodynamics no longer apply. No general nonequilibrium thermodynamic theory is available and understanding is often ad hoc. We study a system with overdamped particles that are subjected to Lévy noise. We pick a system with a geometry that leads to concise formulae to describe the accumulation of particles in a cavity. The nonhomogeneous distribution of particles can be seen as a dissipative structure, i.e., a lower-entropy steady state that allows for throughput of energy and concurrent production of entropy. After the mechanism that maintains nonequilibrium is switched off, the relaxation back to homogeneity represents an increase in entropy and a decrease of free energy. For our setup we can analytically connect the nonequilibrium noise and active particle behavior to entropy decrease and energy buildup with simple and intuitive formulae.     

数控裁剪机切割刀壳体振动噪声预测分析

高频往复式切割刀是柔性材料数控裁剪机的核心部件.该文对切割刀壳体的振动噪声改进措施进行研究.首先对切割刀进行刚体动力学分析,获取其所受动载荷情况,并通过数值计算验证了切割刀刚体动力学模型的可靠性.其次,基于有限元法获取切割刀壳体模态特性,并通过锤击激振实验验证了有限元模型的准确性.然后基于模态仿真结果进行谐响应分析,将...