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81.
Sameena Ashraf Keith D. Bartle Anthony A. Clifford Robert Moulder 《Journal of separation science》1992,15(8):535-538
Lubricating oil additives have been analyzed by supercritical fluid chromatography on open tubular and packed capillary columns. Carbon dioxide and modified carbon dioxide were used as mobile phases and detection was accomplished by flame ionization and micro UV. Rapid and efficient analysis of the lubricating oil additives was demonstrated. 相似文献
82.
运用一种植物油的系统分析方法测定蓖麻油的精细组分,这包括皂化,BF3-MeOH甲基化,GC-CIMS法测定脂肪酸碳链长度和不饱和度,AMP衍生化,GC-EIMS测定不饱和脂肪酸的双链位置,分析了蓖麻油的十一种脂肪酸组分,有五个为未知组分,并测定了其中三个组分的双链位置。 相似文献
83.
Arsenic speciation is of increasing interest to the food industry, as concerns about high total arsenic concentrations in
food can often be alleviated to a great extent if the ratio of toxic, less toxic and non-toxic arsenic compounds in the sample
is known.
The lipid matrix of fish oil is a challenge in the determination of arsenic species, as current methods for this type of analysis
require the analyte to be water-soluble. In this study, two sample preparation techniques were applied. One the one hand water-soluble
species were extracted with methanol/water, on the other, acid digestion was applied to release lipid-soluble arsenic compounds
into the aqueous phase. Ion chromatography – inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS) was used for separation
and sensitive element-specific detection of arsenic compounds. Additional experiments, including alkaline hydrolysis, were
carried out to find out more about the type of lipids arsenic is bound to in fish oil.
Up to eight different arsenic species were detected and quantified in fish oil with dimethylarsinate being the major compound
both in the aqueous extract and in the acid digest. No inorganic arsenic was detected in the aqueous extract, and the maximum
concentration of arsenate determined in the acid digest was 0.05 μg g−1.
The total arsenic concentration determined by ICP-MS ranged from <0.1 to 5 μg g−1. With regard to the mass balance, approximately 1% of the total arsenic content was extractable with methanol/water, whereas
the sum of arsenic species quantified after acid digestion yielded 85–100% of the total arsenic content. It was confirmed
that the large fraction of arsenic in fish oil not extractable on an aqueous basis consists of organoarsenic compounds.
This new approach in sample preparation makes the complete characterization of the arsenic content in the sample possible
with regard to the respective species, providing necessary information required for risk assessment. 相似文献
84.
L. W. Barrett G. S. Ferguson L. H. Sperling 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1993,31(5):1287-1299
Naturally functionalized triglyceride oils are renewable resources which contain reactive chemical groups, hydroxyl in the case of castor oil, and epoxide in the case of vernonia oil. In this article, the reaction of these groups, and the ester linkages between the glycerol and acid residue portions of the oil molecule with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is investigated through a variety of means. Multiple reactions are possible in the triglyceride–PET system, some of which form a copolymer that increases miscibility, and if allowed to continue, forms a completely random copolymer mixture. Among the numerous reactions possible, PET–ester exchange with the hydroxyl or epoxide functionality of the triglyceride oils is found to be the most significant, and the effects of these and other reactions are observed and structural implications discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
85.
混合溶剂火焰原子吸收法直接测定原油中的镍刘广东袁存光张丙华刘文钦(石油大学(华东),山东东营257062)彭力(中国石油天然气总公司环保处,北京100724)关键词原油,混合溶剂,无机盐标准,原子吸收法,镍测定原油中,微量元素镍、钒、铁、铜的存在对... 相似文献
86.
Pilar Bermejo-Barrera Maria José Lorenzo-Alonso Manuel Aboal-Somoza Adela Bermejo-Barrera 《Mikrochimica acta》1994,117(1-2):49-64
A method for the determination of arsenic in slurries of mussel tissue using palladium-magnesium nitrate as modifier was optimized. The slurry was stabilized by a 0.015% (v/v) of Triton X-100. To achieve complete mineralization the slurries were ashed at 480 °C for 10s in an air flow (50 ml/min) and at 1200 °C for 15s in an argon flow (300 ml/min) in the presence of Pd—Mg(NO3)2 as modifier. The optimum atomization temperature was 2200 °C. The precision and accuracy of the method were studied using the Reference Material BCR n ° 278 Mussel Tissue (Mytilus edulis). The detection limit (LOD) of the final slurry solution was 1 g/l of arsenic corresponding to an arsenic level in the mussel of 1.3 g/g, for a 0.5% (m/v) slurry. Results of calibration using aqueous standards and the standard additions method were compared. The method was applied to the determination of arsenic in mussels from the Galician coast. The levels found lie between 2 and 9.3 g/g of arsenic. 相似文献
87.
The introduction of quality standards for vegetable oil methyl esters is gaining in importance due to their increased use as diesel fuel substitutes and as technical products. Free and esterified sterols, the main constituents of the unsaponifiable matter in vegetable oils, are recovered in vegetable oil methyl esters and may influence the technical properties of vegetable oil methyl ester products. A rapid gas chromatographic method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of free and esterified sterols in vegetable oil methyl esters has therefore been developed. The concentration of the free sterols as well as their qualitative and quantitative composition and the concentration of the sterol esters have been determined in rape seed oil methyl ester samples by GC–FID. Prior to analysis, the free sterols were silylated with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide with 1% of trimethylchlorosilane; betulinol was used as an internal standard. Calibration was performed by analysis of standard solutions containing β-sitosterol, cholesteryl stearate, and betulinol. The reproducibility of the quantitative results has been evaluated by repeated injections of the same test solution and by repeated complete analysis of the same sample. 相似文献
88.
Fernando J. S. Oliveira Francisca P. De França 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2005,122(1-3):593-603
A 23 full factorial experimental design was adopted to estimate the effects of three variables on the biodegradation of oil during
soil bioremediation: bioaugmentation seeding a mixed culture, addition of fertilizer or mineral media, and correction of initial
pH of the soil to 7.0. The tests were carried out in polyvinyl chloride reactors with 5.0 kg of crude oil-contaminated soil
at 14 g/kg. After screening the variables, soil bioremediation tests were conduced with varied C:N ratios, yielding an increase
in biodegradation of the oil heavy fraction from 24 to 65%, consumption of total n-paraffins, and a remarkable decrease in the concentration of residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of the soil. 相似文献
89.
C. W. Wright 《Journal of separation science》1984,7(2):83-88
Complex organic mixtures, such as coal liquefaction and oil shale products and by-products, are comprised of hundreds or thousands of individual components. State-of-the-art high resolution gas chromatography does not always provide sufficient resolution to allow accurate quantitation or identification of many compounds of interest. The concept of dual capillary column chromatography combines the different resolving characteristics of two capillary columns coated with different stationary phases into a single chromatographic run. In this approach, both columns are connected to the same injection port. Analysis of complex mixtures in this fashion can confirm the identification and quantitation of components on two columns of different polarity with little increased analysis time, can provide a means of obtaining quantitative data for individual components which are known to coelute on any one column, and can alert one to unknown coelution problems that would be undetected by gas chromatographic analysis on a single capillary column. Simultaneous dual column analysis was applied to three samples, the neutral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fraction of a Solvent Refined Coal-II (SRC-II) heavy distillate, the nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compound (N-PAC) fraction of an SRC-II heavy distillate, and the basic fraction from a shale oil process water. Fused silica capillary columns coated with SE-54 and Durawax 3 were used for the analyses of the heavy distillate, while SE-54 an Carbowax 20M capillary columns were used for the analysis of the process water. 相似文献
90.
《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2004,36(13):1620-1628
Static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a powerful technique for identification and localization of pigments and binding media present in traditional paintings. Coating the surface of a cross‐section with a 20 Å thick gold layer improves the yields of secondary ions from the fatty acids and diacids. A chalk tablet containing 1% stearic acid, which was partially covered during gold deposition, is used as a test system to investigate the increase of the organic secondary ion yields upon gold deposition in SIMS imaging. A comparative study of a native and gold‐coated aged surface of a lead white‐containing linseed oil paint demonstrates the enhancement of the organic ion yields on a sample relevant for painting studies. The yields of oil paint‐derived negative ions increase by a factor of 3 whereas the yields of positive ions increase by a factor of 2–4. The different types of charged functional groups determine the degree of improvement in yield. Gold coating improves the ionization process of the fatty acids and does not influence their fragmentation. The dissociation of the lead white by the primary ion beam is reduced due to the gold coating. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献